Question 1

During which of the following processes are RNA−DNA hybrids observed?

Accepted Answer

A) transcription,both eukaryotic and prokaryotic 
B) translation,both eukaryotic and prokaryotic 
C) replication,both eukaryotic and prokaryotic 
D) transcription,prokaryotic only 
E) replication,prokaryotic only 
A) transcription,both eukaryotic and prokaryotic 
B) translation,both eukaryotic and prokaryotic 
C) replication,both eukaryotic and prokaryotic 
D) transcription,prokaryotic only 
E) replication,prokaryotic only A

Question 2

Southern blots identify _____,Northern blots identify ____,and Western blots identify ______.

Accepted Answer

A) DNA,proteins,RNA 
B) DNA,RNA,proteins 
C) RNA,proteins,DNA 
D) RNA,DNA,proteins 
E) proteins,DNA,RNA 
A) DNA,proteins,RNA 
B) DNA,RNA,proteins 
C) RNA,proteins,DNA 
D) RNA,DNA,proteins 
E) proteins,DNA,RNA B

Question 3

Which the following sequences of DNA is most likely to form Z-DNA in vitro?

Accepted Answer

A) 5'-ATATATATATATATATATAT-3'
3'-TATATATATATATATATATA-5' 
B) 5'-AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA-3'
3'-TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT-5' 
C) 5'-GCGCGCGCGCGCCGCGCGCG-3'
3'-CGCGCGCGCGCGCGCGCGCG-5' 
D) 5'-GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG-3'
3'-CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC-5' 
E) 5'-GATCGATCGATCGATCGATC-3'
3'-CTAGCTAGCTAGCTAGCTAG-5' 
A) 5'-ATATATATATATATATATAT-3'
3'-TATATATATATATATATATA-5' 
B) 5'-AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA-3'
3'-TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT-5' 
C) 5'-GCGCGCGCGCGCCGCGCGCG-3'
3'-CGCGCGCGCGCGCGCGCGCG-5' 
D) 5'-GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG-3'
3'-CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC-5' 
E) 5'-GATCGATCGATCGATCGATC-3'
3'-CTAGCTAGCTAGCTAGCTAG-5' C

Question 4

Matching
Choose the correct answer from the list.Not all the answers will be used.

-Heptad repeats are found in the ______ region of DNA binding proteins.

Accepted Answer

A)  type I 
B)  ribocatalyzers 
C)  C2´-endo 
D)  repressors 
E)  ethidium
F) type II
G) C3´-endo 
H) hybridized
I) interchanged
J) supercoiled
K) cooperative
L) non-cooperative
M) underwound
N) ribozymes
O) deuterium
P) zinc finger
Q) leucine zipper 
A)  type I 
B)  ribocatalyzers 
C)  C2´-endo 
D)  repressors 
E)  ethidium
F) type II
G) C3´-endo 
H) hybridized
I) interchanged
J) supercoiled
K) cooperative
L) non-cooperative
M) underwound
N) ribozymes
O) deuterium
P) zinc finger
Q) leucine zipper

Question 5

Which of the following can be determined from a Northern blot?

Accepted Answer

A) the size of a gene transcript 
B) the abundance of a gene transcript 
C) the tissue specificity of gene transcript 
D) the stage-specificity of a gene transcript 
E) all of the above 
A) the size of a gene transcript 
B) the abundance of a gene transcript 
C) the tissue specificity of gene transcript 
D) the stage-specificity of a gene transcript 
E) all of the above

Question 6

In B-DNA

Accepted Answer

A) the width of the base pair varies depending on the bases involved. 
B) the base planes are rotated approximately 90° from the axis of the helix. 
C) the sugar pucker must be variable depending on the base attached. 
D) the helix twist is approximately 10° per base pair. 
E) all of the above 
A) the width of the base pair varies depending on the bases involved. 
B) the base planes are rotated approximately 90° from the axis of the helix. 
C) the sugar pucker must be variable depending on the base attached. 
D) the helix twist is approximately 10° per base pair. 
E) all of the above

Question 7

Matching
Choose the correct answer from the list.Not all the answers will be used.

-Single-strand breaks in DNA are transiently created by ______ topoisomerases.

Accepted Answer

A)  type I 
B)  ribocatalyzers 
C)  C2´-endo 
D)  repressors 
E)  ethidium
F) type II
G) C3´-endo 
H) hybridized
I) interchanged
J) supercoiled
K) cooperative
L) non-cooperative
M) underwound
N) ribozymes
O) deuterium
P) zinc finger
Q) leucine zipper 
A)  type I 
B)  ribocatalyzers 
C)  C2´-endo 
D)  repressors 
E)  ethidium
F) type II
G) C3´-endo 
H) hybridized
I) interchanged
J) supercoiled
K) cooperative
L) non-cooperative
M) underwound
N) ribozymes
O) deuterium
P) zinc finger
Q) leucine zipper

Question 8

Which of the following is used to allow effective gel electrophoresis of DNAs > 100,000 base pairs?

Accepted Answer

A) hydroxyapatite treatment prior to gel loading 
B) Northern blots 
C) pulsed-field gel electrophoresis 
D) Southern Blot 
E) Western Blot 
A) hydroxyapatite treatment prior to gel loading 
B) Northern blots 
C) pulsed-field gel electrophoresis 
D) Southern Blot 
E) Western Blot

Question 9

The sugar pucker is___ in the ___form.

Accepted Answer

A) C2'-endo;A-DNA 
B) C3'-endo;B-DNA 
C) C2'-endo for pyrimidines and C3'-endo for purines: Z-DNA 
D) C2'-endo for purines and C3'-endo for pyrimidines: B-DNA 
E) C2'-endo for purines and C3'-endo for pyrimidines: A-DNA 
A) C2'-endo;A-DNA 
B) C3'-endo;B-DNA 
C) C2'-endo for pyrimidines and C3'-endo for purines: Z-DNA 
D) C2'-endo for purines and C3'-endo for pyrimidines: B-DNA 
E) C2'-endo for purines and C3'-endo for pyrimidines: A-DNA

Question 10

tRNA molecules are
(I)extensively base-paired.
(II)stabilized by hydrogen bonds.
(III)stabilized by stacking interactions.
(IV)stabilized by covalent cross links.

Accepted Answer

A) I,II 
B) II,III 
C) I,II,III 
D) I,III 
E) I,II,IV 
A) I,II 
B) II,III 
C) I,II,III 
D) I,III 
E) I,II,IV

Question 11

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the rotation of the bonds in DNA?

Accepted Answer

A) The vertex angles of the ribose rind are 108°. 
B) The ribose ring always puckers at C3'. 
C) Noncovalent interactions between the ribose ring and the phosphate group constrain rotation. 
D) A and B 
E) B and C 
A) The vertex angles of the ribose rind are 108°. 
B) The ribose ring always puckers at C3'. 
C) Noncovalent interactions between the ribose ring and the phosphate group constrain rotation. 
D) A and B 
E) B and C

Question 12

Histone H1 binds to ____ which allows attachment to _____.

Accepted Answer

A) the nucleosome core particle;nucleases 
B) linker DNA;the next nucleosome 
C) the nucleosome core particle;the next nucleosome 
D) linker DNA;nucleases 
E) none of the above 
A) the nucleosome core particle;nucleases 
B) linker DNA;the next nucleosome 
C) the nucleosome core particle;the next nucleosome 
D) linker DNA;nucleases 
E) none of the above

Question 13

What evidence suggests that a biological function exists for Z-DNA?

Accepted Answer

A) Z-DNA is unique because it is made up of alternating pyrimidine and purine residues in the anti and syn conformation. 
B) The left-handed nature of Z-DNA allows phosphate separation which is stabilizing.. 
C) X-ray structure of the protein Z$\alpha$ binding Z-DNA has been identified. 
D) A and B 
E) A,B,and C 
A) Z-DNA is unique because it is made up of alternating pyrimidine and purine residues in the anti and syn conformation. 
B) The left-handed nature of Z-DNA allows phosphate separation which is stabilizing.. 
C) X-ray structure of the protein Z$\alpha$ binding Z-DNA has been identified. 
D) A and B 
E) A,B,and C

Question 14

Matching
Choose the correct answer from the list.Not all the answers will be used.

-The 2-deoxyribose groups assume the ____ conformation in B-DNA.

Accepted Answer

A)  type I 
B)  ribocatalyzers 
C)  C2´-endo 
D)  repressors 
E)  ethidium
F) type II
G) C3´-endo 
H) hybridized
I) interchanged
J) supercoiled
K) cooperative
L) non-cooperative
M) underwound
N) ribozymes
O) deuterium
P) zinc finger
Q) leucine zipper 
A)  type I 
B)  ribocatalyzers 
C)  C2´-endo 
D)  repressors 
E)  ethidium
F) type II
G) C3´-endo 
H) hybridized
I) interchanged
J) supercoiled
K) cooperative
L) non-cooperative
M) underwound
N) ribozymes
O) deuterium
P) zinc finger
Q) leucine zipper

Question 15

Which of the following would NOT result in the relaxation of supercoiled DNA?

Accepted Answer

A) heating the DNA to induce denaturation 
B) nicking one strand 
C) treatment with pancreatic DNaseI 
D) treatment with type II topoisomerase 
E) treatment with type I topoisomerase 
A) heating the DNA to induce denaturation 
B) nicking one strand 
C) treatment with pancreatic DNaseI 
D) treatment with type II topoisomerase 
E) treatment with type I topoisomerase

Question 16

Western blots,or ____,identify ______ using ______.

Accepted Answer

A) Northern blots;RNA;antibodies 
B) immunoblots;proteins;antibodies 
C) Southern blots;proteins;radioactivity 
D) immunoblots;DNA;antibodies 
E) Northern blots;DNA;antibodies 
A) Northern blots;RNA;antibodies 
B) immunoblots;proteins;antibodies 
C) Southern blots;proteins;radioactivity 
D) immunoblots;DNA;antibodies 
E) Northern blots;DNA;antibodies

Question 17

Hammerhead ribozyme

Accepted Answer

A) contains a catalytic core with a Fe2+ at its center. 
B) utilizes hydrogen bonding to position itself favorably for nucleophilic attack. 
C) enhances the rate of cleavage of itself by a factor of five. 
D) A and C 
E) B and C 
A) contains a catalytic core with a Fe2+ at its center. 
B) utilizes hydrogen bonding to position itself favorably for nucleophilic attack. 
C) enhances the rate of cleavage of itself by a factor of five. 
D) A and C 
E) B and C

Question 18

Heat-denatured DNA exhibits ______ UV absorbance,which is called the ______.

Accepted Answer

A) increased;hyperchromic effect 
B) decreased;hyperchromic effect 
C) increased;hypochromic effect 
D) decreased;hypochromic effect 
E) identical;renaturation effect 
A) increased;hyperchromic effect 
B) decreased;hyperchromic effect 
C) increased;hypochromic effect 
D) decreased;hypochromic effect 
E) identical;renaturation effect

Question 19

A circular 25000 base pair DNA molecule with no supercoils will have _____ helical twists if it is B-DNA.

Accepted Answer

A) about 2.5 
B) about 25 
C) about 250 
D) about 2500 
E) about 25000. 
A) about 2.5 
B) about 25 
C) about 250 
D) about 2500 
E) about 25000.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the structure of RNA-DNA hybrids?
(I)They are most similar to A-DNA.
(II)They are most similar to B-DNA.
(III)They are most similar to Z-DNA.
(IV)They are most similar to RNA.

Accepted Answer

A) I only 
B) II only 
C) I,II 
D) III only 
E) IV only 
A) I only 
B) II only 
C) I,II 
D) III only 
E) IV only

Exam 24: Nucleic Acid Structure

During which of the following processes are RNA−DNA hybrids observed?

Southern blots identify _____,Northern blots identify ____,and Western blots identify ______.

Which the following sequences of DNA is most likely to form Z-DNA in vitro?

Matching Choose the correct answer from the list.Not all the answers will be used. -Heptad repeats are found in the ______ region of DNA binding proteins.

Which of the following can be determined from a Northern blot?

In B-DNA

Matching Choose the correct answer from the list.Not all the answers will be used. -Single-strand breaks in DNA are transiently created by ______ topoisomerases.

Which of the following is used to allow effective gel electrophoresis of DNAs > 100,000 base pairs?

The sugar pucker is___ in the ___form.

tRNA molecules are (I)extensively base-paired. (II)stabilized by hydrogen bonds. (III)stabilized by stacking interactions. (IV)stabilized by covalent cross links.

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the rotation of the bonds in DNA?

Histone H1 binds to ____ which allows attachment to _____.

What evidence suggests that a biological function exists for Z-DNA?

Matching Choose the correct answer from the list.Not all the answers will be used. -The 2-deoxyribose groups assume the ____ conformation in B-DNA.

Which of the following would NOT result in the relaxation of supercoiled DNA?

Western blots,or ____,identify ______ using ______.

Hammerhead ribozyme

Heat-denatured DNA exhibits ______ UV absorbance,which is called the ______.

A circular 25000 base pair DNA molecule with no supercoils will have _____ helical twists if it is B-DNA.

Which of the following best describes the structure of RNA-DNA hybrids? (I)They are most similar to A-DNA. (II)They are most similar to B-DNA. (III)They are most similar to Z-DNA. (IV)They are most similar to RNA.

Introduction to the Chemistry of Life

Water

Nucleotides, nucleic Acids, and Genetic Information

Amino Acids

Proteins: Primary Structure

Proteins: Three-Dimensional Structure

Protein Function Part I: Myoglobin and Hemoglobin

Carbohydrates

Lipids and Biological Membranes

Membrane Transport

Enzyme Catalysis

Enzyme Kinetics, inhibition and Control

Biochemical Signaling

Introduction to Metabolism

Glucose Catabolism

Glycogen Metabolism and Gluconeogenesis

Citric Acid Cycle

Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation

Photosynthesis

Lipid Metabolism

Amino Acid Metabolism

Mammalian Fuel Metabolism: Integration and Regulation

Nucleotide Metabolism

DNA Replication, repair and Recombination

Transcription and Rna Processing

Protein Synthesis

Regulation of Gene Expression

Filters

Southern blots identify _,Northern blots identify ,and Western blots identify __.

The sugar pucker is_ in the _form.

Histone H1 binds to which allows attachment to _.

Western blots,or ,identify using ____.

Heat-denatured DNA exhibits UV absorbance,which is called the .