Question 1

If gas molecules in an enclosed chamber are allowed to enter a second chamber,the resulting redistribution of gas molecules represents an increase in

Accepted Answer

A) enthalpy. 
B) entropy. 
C) force. 
D) chemical potential. 
E) all of the above 
A) enthalpy. 
B) entropy. 
C) force. 
D) chemical potential. 
E) all of the above

Question 2

Matching

-During chemical evolution,small organic molecules condense to form more complex molecules called ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  phylogenetic 
B)  negative 
C)  H2O 
D)  ΔH° 
E)  H – TS
F) halobacteria
G) open
H) entropy
I) flux
J) polymers
K) ΔG°´
L) thermophiles
M) nitrogen
N) positive 
A)  phylogenetic 
B)  negative 
C)  H2O 
D)  ΔH° 
E)  H – TS
F) halobacteria
G) open
H) entropy
I) flux
J) polymers
K) ΔG°´
L) thermophiles
M) nitrogen
N) positive

Question 3

The $\Delta$G° for the conversion of glucose 6-phosphate (G6P)to fructose 6-phosphate (F6P)is +1.7 kJ/mole.In a particular human cell the concentration G6P is 8.0 µM and the concentration F6P is 1.0 µM.Calculate the $\Delta$G of the reaction as it occurs in this cell at 37°C?

Accepted Answer

A) −37 kJ/mol 
B) −3.7 kJ/mol 
C) 0 kJ/mol 
D) +7.1 kJ/mol 
E) −0.6 kJ/mol 
A) −37 kJ/mol 
B) −3.7 kJ/mol 
C) 0 kJ/mol 
D) +7.1 kJ/mol 
E) −0.6 kJ/mol

Question 4

Matching

-The organisms most likely to be found in a brine environment would be ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  phylogenetic 
B)  negative 
C)  H2O 
D)  ΔH° 
E)  H – TS
F) halobacteria
G) open
H) entropy
I) flux
J) polymers
K) ΔG°´
L) thermophiles
M) nitrogen
N) positive 
A)  phylogenetic 
B)  negative 
C)  H2O 
D)  ΔH° 
E)  H – TS
F) halobacteria
G) open
H) entropy
I) flux
J) polymers
K) ΔG°´
L) thermophiles
M) nitrogen
N) positive

Question 5

In 1953,Urey and Miller carried out an experiment in which they subjected a mixture of H2O,CH4,NH3,and H2 to electrical discharges.Which of the following were among the products?

Accepted Answer

A) proteins 
B) amino acids 
C) nucleic acids 
D) ribosomes 
E) all of the above 
A) proteins 
B) amino acids 
C) nucleic acids 
D) ribosomes 
E) all of the above

Question 6

The second law of thermodynamics states:

Accepted Answer

A) that spontaneous processes are characterized by the overall conversion of order to disorder. 
B) that spontaneous processes are characterized by the conversion of work to force. 
C) that nonspontaneous processes are characterized by the conversion of order to disorder. 
D) that spontaneous processes are characterized by the conversion heat to pressure. 
E) none of the above 
A) that spontaneous processes are characterized by the overall conversion of order to disorder. 
B) that spontaneous processes are characterized by the conversion of work to force. 
C) that nonspontaneous processes are characterized by the conversion of order to disorder. 
D) that spontaneous processes are characterized by the conversion heat to pressure. 
E) none of the above

Question 7

Which of the following statements about the theories of (bio)chemical evolution is not true?

Accepted Answer

A) During chemical evolution,simple organic molecules (monomers)condensed to form more complex molecules (polymers)which then began to replicate based upon complementarity. 
B) Margulis suggested that mitochondria and chloroplasts evolved from the symbiotic relationship between primordial prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. 
C) The first cells were probably formed when self-replicating systems were enveloped in membranous vesicles. 
D) Oparin and Haldane demonstrated that by passing an electrical discharge through a vessel containing H2O,CO2,N2,CH4 and NH3 some basic biological building blocks (like simple amino acids)could have formed abiotically in the earth's early atmosphere. 
E) The RNA world hypothesis as proposed by Woese,Crick and Orgel states that RNA,instead of protein,was the first self replicating biochemical molecule that evolved because RNA could have stored genetic information and performed the catalytic roles necessary for primitive self-replication. 
A) During chemical evolution,simple organic molecules (monomers)condensed to form more complex molecules (polymers)which then began to replicate based upon complementarity. 
B) Margulis suggested that mitochondria and chloroplasts evolved from the symbiotic relationship between primordial prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. 
C) The first cells were probably formed when self-replicating systems were enveloped in membranous vesicles. 
D) Oparin and Haldane demonstrated that by passing an electrical discharge through a vessel containing H2O,CO2,N2,CH4 and NH3 some basic biological building blocks (like simple amino acids)could have formed abiotically in the earth's early atmosphere. 
E) The RNA world hypothesis as proposed by Woese,Crick and Orgel states that RNA,instead of protein,was the first self replicating biochemical molecule that evolved because RNA could have stored genetic information and performed the catalytic roles necessary for primitive self-replication.

Question 8

Which of the following is a similarity between all prokaryotes and all eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

A) Both contain DNA in a nucleus. 
B) Both contain some of the same membrane bound cell organelles (like mitochondria,Golgi complexes,etc). 
C) Both have a cytoskeleton. 
D) All of the above are similarities between prokaryotes and eukaryotes. 
E) None of the above is a similarity between prokaryotes and eukaryotes. 
A) Both contain DNA in a nucleus. 
B) Both contain some of the same membrane bound cell organelles (like mitochondria,Golgi complexes,etc). 
C) Both have a cytoskeleton. 
D) All of the above are similarities between prokaryotes and eukaryotes. 
E) None of the above is a similarity between prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

Question 9

Matching

-Evolutionary relationships can be visualized using a ______ tree.

Accepted Answer

A)  phylogenetic 
B)  negative 
C)  H2O 
D)  ΔH° 
E)  H – TS
F) halobacteria
G) open
H) entropy
I) flux
J) polymers
K) ΔG°´
L) thermophiles
M) nitrogen
N) positive 
A)  phylogenetic 
B)  negative 
C)  H2O 
D)  ΔH° 
E)  H – TS
F) halobacteria
G) open
H) entropy
I) flux
J) polymers
K) ΔG°´
L) thermophiles
M) nitrogen
N) positive

Question 10

An increase in disorder in the system

Accepted Answer

A) is required for a process to be spontaneous. 
B) results in a decrease in entropy. 
C) is characteristic of a system increasing in enthalpy. 
D) results in the factor T$\Delta$S being positive . 
E) is found in every exergonic process. 
A) is required for a process to be spontaneous. 
B) results in a decrease in entropy. 
C) is characteristic of a system increasing in enthalpy. 
D) results in the factor T$\Delta$S being positive . 
E) is found in every exergonic process.

Question 11

Which of the following statements concerning prokaryotes is false?

Accepted Answer

A) Prokaryotes are made up of two major groupings: the eubacteria and the archaea,which are as different from each other as from the eukaryotes. 
B) Prokaryotes are generally much smaller than the eukaryotic cells. 
C) Prokaryotes are one branch of the newer,more accurate phylogenic tree made up of prokarya,archaea and eukarya. 
D) Prokaryotes do not have organelles. 
E) None of the above is false. 
A) Prokaryotes are made up of two major groupings: the eubacteria and the archaea,which are as different from each other as from the eukaryotes. 
B) Prokaryotes are generally much smaller than the eukaryotic cells. 
C) Prokaryotes are one branch of the newer,more accurate phylogenic tree made up of prokarya,archaea and eukarya. 
D) Prokaryotes do not have organelles. 
E) None of the above is false.

Question 12

Matching

-Living creatures can be described thermodynamically as ______ systems.

Accepted Answer

A)  phylogenetic 
B)  negative 
C)  H2O 
D)  ΔH° 
E)  H – TS
F) halobacteria
G) open
H) entropy
I) flux
J) polymers
K) ΔG°´
L) thermophiles
M) nitrogen
N) positive 
A)  phylogenetic 
B)  negative 
C)  H2O 
D)  ΔH° 
E)  H – TS
F) halobacteria
G) open
H) entropy
I) flux
J) polymers
K) ΔG°´
L) thermophiles
M) nitrogen
N) positive

Question 13

Which of the following statements about eukaryotes is not true?

Accepted Answer

A) They contain organelles like mitochondria,chloroplasts,the endoplasmic reticulum and the nucleus. 
B) They are usually 10 to 100 microns in diameter. 
C) They can be either unicellular or multicellular. 
D) They are also called archaea. 
E) All of the above are true of eukaryotes. 
A) They contain organelles like mitochondria,chloroplasts,the endoplasmic reticulum and the nucleus. 
B) They are usually 10 to 100 microns in diameter. 
C) They can be either unicellular or multicellular. 
D) They are also called archaea. 
E) All of the above are true of eukaryotes.

Question 14

Which group of organisms is not prokaryotic?

Accepted Answer

A) Fungi 
B) Archaea 
C) Purple bacteria 
D) Cyanobacteria 
E) Methanococcus 
A) Fungi 
B) Archaea 
C) Purple bacteria 
D) Cyanobacteria 
E) Methanococcus

Question 15

Matching

-Gibbs free energy is defined as G = ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  phylogenetic 
B)  negative 
C)  H2O 
D)  ΔH° 
E)  H – TS
F) halobacteria
G) open
H) entropy
I) flux
J) polymers
K) ΔG°´
L) thermophiles
M) nitrogen
N) positive 
A)  phylogenetic 
B)  negative 
C)  H2O 
D)  ΔH° 
E)  H – TS
F) halobacteria
G) open
H) entropy
I) flux
J) polymers
K) ΔG°´
L) thermophiles
M) nitrogen
N) positive

Question 16

The atmosphere of prebiotic earth probably contained the following molecules:

Accepted Answer

A) H2O,CO2,N2 ,CH4,and NH3. 
B) H2O,CO2,CH4,C6H12O6, and NH3. 
C) H2O,CO2,CH4,C6H12O6, and COO-CH2NH+3. 
D) H2O,CO2,CH4,COOHCH2NH3,and NH3. 
E) none of the above 
A) H2O,CO2,N2 ,CH4,and NH3. 
B) H2O,CO2,CH4,C6H12O6, and NH3. 
C) H2O,CO2,CH4,C6H12O6, and COO-CH2NH+3. 
D) H2O,CO2,CH4,COOHCH2NH3,and NH3. 
E) none of the above

Exam 1: Introduction to the Chemistry of Life

If gas molecules in an enclosed chamber are allowed to enter a second chamber,the resulting redistribution of gas molecules represents an increase in

Matching -During chemical evolution,small organic molecules condense to form more complex molecules called ______.

The Δ\DeltaΔ G° for the conversion of glucose 6-phosphate (G6P)to fructose 6-phosphate (F6P)is +1.7 kJ/mole.In a particular human cell the concentration G6P is 8.0 µM and the concentration F6P is 1.0 µM.Calculate the Δ\DeltaΔ G of the reaction as it occurs in this cell at 37°C?

Matching -The organisms most likely to be found in a brine environment would be ______.

In 1953,Urey and Miller carried out an experiment in which they subjected a mixture of H2O,CH4,NH3,and H2 to electrical discharges.Which of the following were among the products?

The second law of thermodynamics states:

Which of the following statements about the theories of (bio)chemical evolution is not true?

Which of the following is a similarity between all prokaryotes and all eukaryotes?

Matching -Evolutionary relationships can be visualized using a ______ tree.

An increase in disorder in the system

Which of the following statements concerning prokaryotes is false?

Matching -Living creatures can be described thermodynamically as ______ systems.

Which of the following statements about eukaryotes is not true?

Which group of organisms is not prokaryotic?

Matching -Gibbs free energy is defined as G = ______.

The atmosphere of prebiotic earth probably contained the following molecules:

Water

Nucleotides, nucleic Acids, and Genetic Information

Amino Acids

Proteins: Primary Structure

Proteins: Three-Dimensional Structure

Protein Function Part I: Myoglobin and Hemoglobin

Carbohydrates

Lipids and Biological Membranes

Membrane Transport

Enzyme Catalysis

Enzyme Kinetics, inhibition and Control

Biochemical Signaling

Introduction to Metabolism

Glucose Catabolism

Glycogen Metabolism and Gluconeogenesis

Citric Acid Cycle

Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation

Photosynthesis

Lipid Metabolism

Amino Acid Metabolism

Mammalian Fuel Metabolism: Integration and Regulation

Nucleotide Metabolism

Nucleic Acid Structure

DNA Replication, repair and Recombination

Transcription and Rna Processing

Protein Synthesis

Regulation of Gene Expression

Filters

The $\Delta$ G° for the conversion of glucose 6-phosphate (G6P)to fructose 6-phosphate (F6P)is +1.7 kJ/mole.In a particular human cell the concentration G6P is 8.0 µM and the concentration F6P is 1.0 µM.Calculate the $\Delta$ G of the reaction as it occurs in this cell at 37°C?

In 1953,Urey and Miller carried out an experiment in which they subjected a mixture of H₂O,CH₄,NH₃,and H₂ to electrical discharges.Which of the following were among the products?