Question 1

Considering substantial state differences in the admissibility of polygraph evidence in court, the results of polygraph examination may be especially crucial:

Accepted Answer

A)  before trial. 
B)  during cross-examination. 
C)  during trial if addressed in expert testimony. 
D)  after trial but before appeal. 
A)  before trial. 
B)  during cross-examination. 
C)  during trial if addressed in expert testimony. 
D)  after trial but before appeal. A

Question 2

What type of error is committed when a guilty suspect is misclassified as innocent?

Accepted Answer

A)  false negative 
B)  false positive 
C)  true negative 
D)  true positive 
A)  false negative 
B)  false positive 
C)  true negative 
D)  true positive A

Question 3

Bond and DePaulo (2006) analyzed the results from 384 studies that tested the lie-detecting ability of more than 24,000 people and found that:

Accepted Answer

A)  most people can rather accurately guess whether they are told the truth or a lie. 
B)  the accuracy rate of most people is barely above the 50% guessing level. 
C)  about 50% of people are especially clairvoyant and able to discern truths from lies. 
D)  training people can substantially increase their lie-detecting ability. 
A)  most people can rather accurately guess whether they are told the truth or a lie. 
B)  the accuracy rate of most people is barely above the 50% guessing level. 
C)  about 50% of people are especially clairvoyant and able to discern truths from lies. 
D)  training people can substantially increase their lie-detecting ability. B

Question 4

Police investigators who were surveyed believed they detect lies _____, whereas their actual lie-detecting ability compared with that of students was _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  much better than average; worse 
B)  no better than average; higher 
C)  worse than most people; higher 
D)  at an average level; much worse 
A)  much better than average; worse 
B)  no better than average; higher 
C)  worse than most people; higher 
D)  at an average level; much worse

Question 5

Experimental research has demonstrated that when actual interrogation training videos are used, training _____ the ability to detect deception and makes people _____ confident about their judgments.

Accepted Answer

A)  improves; less 
B)  does not improve; more 
C)  improves; more 
D)  does not improve; less 
A)  improves; less 
B)  does not improve; more 
C)  improves; more 
D)  does not improve; less

Question 6

According to several studies available on the effect of polygraph evidence on jurors, they tend to:

Accepted Answer

A)  disregard this evidence. 
B)  take this evidence seriously. 
C)  only trust this evidence if backed up by expert testimony. 
D)  only trust this evidence if two of more polygraph tests are in agreement. 
A)  disregard this evidence. 
B)  take this evidence seriously. 
C)  only trust this evidence if backed up by expert testimony. 
D)  only trust this evidence if two of more polygraph tests are in agreement.

Question 7

The 1993 U.S. Supreme Court decision in Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals:

Accepted Answer

A)  ruled the polygraph inadmissible in all federal cases. 
B)  ruled the polygraph admissible in all federal cases. 
C)  ruled that polygraph admissibility could be determined on a case-by-case basis. 
D)  refused to hear arguments on the admissibility of the polygraph all together. 
A)  ruled the polygraph inadmissible in all federal cases. 
B)  ruled the polygraph admissible in all federal cases. 
C)  ruled that polygraph admissibility could be determined on a case-by-case basis. 
D)  refused to hear arguments on the admissibility of the polygraph all together.

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a limitation of the fMRI technology as it currently exists?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is expensive. 
B)  It is highly portable. 
C)  It requires a person to lie motionless inside the fMRI machine. 
D)  It requires a person to stay silent inside the fMRI machine. 
A)  It is expensive. 
B)  It is highly portable. 
C)  It requires a person to lie motionless inside the fMRI machine. 
D)  It requires a person to stay silent inside the fMRI machine.

Question 9

Lucas is very worried that somebody may find out about his activities in drug trade. When asked questions about drug selling, he would deny any involvement and likely experience the following physiological changes detected by the polygraph:

Accepted Answer

A)  lower blood pressure, fatigue, and constipation. 
B)  changes in breathing, eye movements, and body temperature. 
C)  decrease in skin moisture, coughing, and dry mouth. 
D)  changes in blood pressure, breathing, and skin conductance. 
A)  lower blood pressure, fatigue, and constipation. 
B)  changes in breathing, eye movements, and body temperature. 
C)  decrease in skin moisture, coughing, and dry mouth. 
D)  changes in blood pressure, breathing, and skin conductance.

Question 10

All of the following are described in the text as promising lie-detection technologies being developed currently EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  criteria-based content analysis (CBC
A) . 
B)  hand micromovement tracing. 
C)  electroencephalogram (EEG). 
D)  high-definition infrared thermal imaging. 
A)  criteria-based content analysis (CBC
A) . 
B)  hand micromovement tracing. 
C)  electroencephalogram (EEG). 
D)  high-definition infrared thermal imaging.

Question 11

The theory behind the polygraph test is based on the assumption that:

Accepted Answer

A)  the act of lying will cause increased brain activity. 
B)  telling the truth will cause increased gastrointestinal activity. 
C)  the act of lying will cause physiological arousal. 
D)  telling the truth will cause a decrease in neural impulse activity. 
A)  the act of lying will cause increased brain activity. 
B)  telling the truth will cause increased gastrointestinal activity. 
C)  the act of lying will cause physiological arousal. 
D)  telling the truth will cause a decrease in neural impulse activity.

Question 12

The method of guilty knowledge test (GKT) was developed by David Lykken to remedy some of the problems with the earlier methods of polygraph examination. Which of the following is NOT one of these problems?

Accepted Answer

A)  Some people are emotionally nonreactive. 
B)  Innocent people may react strongly to crime-related questions. 
C)  People who do not have faith in the validity of the polygraph may not respond in the way examiners think they would. 
D)  Different makes and models of the polygraph machine may produce different results. 
A)  Some people are emotionally nonreactive. 
B)  Innocent people may react strongly to crime-related questions. 
C)  People who do not have faith in the validity of the polygraph may not respond in the way examiners think they would. 
D)  Different makes and models of the polygraph machine may produce different results.

Question 13

Which of the following is an example of a comparison or control question?

Accepted Answer

A)  "Did you kill Ms. Smith?" 
B)  "Were you at the bank on Thursday?" 
C)  "Have you ever taken something that did not belong to you?" 
D)  "Did you see Wendy Jones in the schoolyard yesterday morning?" 
A)  "Did you kill Ms. Smith?" 
B)  "Were you at the bank on Thursday?" 
C)  "Have you ever taken something that did not belong to you?" 
D)  "Did you see Wendy Jones in the schoolyard yesterday morning?"

Question 14

In the comparison question test (formerly, control question test) of polygraph examination, comparison questions are designed to be _____ and compel people to _____ when answering them.

Accepted Answer

A)  directly related to crime in question; tell the truth 
B)  uncomfortable but unrelated to crime in question; lie 
C)  outrageous and insulting; lose their temper 
D)  innocent-sounding but highly coercive; admit to committing the crime 
A)  directly related to crime in question; tell the truth 
B)  uncomfortable but unrelated to crime in question; lie 
C)  outrageous and insulting; lose their temper 
D)  innocent-sounding but highly coercive; admit to committing the crime

Question 15

Liar's stereotype is a very common but mistaken belief that when lying, people tend to:

Accepted Answer

A)  squirm, stutter, and avoid eye contact. 
B)  talk a lot and be generally chatty. 
C)  be shy and use very few words. 
D)  move very little and try to stay still. 
A)  squirm, stutter, and avoid eye contact. 
B)  talk a lot and be generally chatty. 
C)  be shy and use very few words. 
D)  move very little and try to stay still.

Exam 3: Section 3: Lie Detection

Considering substantial state differences in the admissibility of polygraph evidence in court, the results of polygraph examination may be especially crucial:

What type of error is committed when a guilty suspect is misclassified as innocent?

Bond and DePaulo (2006) analyzed the results from 384 studies that tested the lie-detecting ability of more than 24,000 people and found that:

Police investigators who were surveyed believed they detect lies _____, whereas their actual lie-detecting ability compared with that of students was _____.

Experimental research has demonstrated that when actual interrogation training videos are used, training _____ the ability to detect deception and makes people _____ confident about their judgments.

According to several studies available on the effect of polygraph evidence on jurors, they tend to:

The 1993 U.S. Supreme Court decision in Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals:

Which of the following is NOT a limitation of the fMRI technology as it currently exists?

Lucas is very worried that somebody may find out about his activities in drug trade. When asked questions about drug selling, he would deny any involvement and likely experience the following physiological changes detected by the polygraph:

All of the following are described in the text as promising lie-detection technologies being developed currently EXCEPT:

The theory behind the polygraph test is based on the assumption that:

The method of guilty knowledge test (GKT) was developed by David Lykken to remedy some of the problems with the earlier methods of polygraph examination. Which of the following is NOT one of these problems?

Which of the following is an example of a comparison or control question?

In the comparison question test (formerly, control question test) of polygraph examination, comparison questions are designed to be _____ and compel people to _____ when answering them.

Liar's stereotype is a very common but mistaken belief that when lying, people tend to:

Section 1: Psychology and Law: a Cautious Alliance

Section 2: Psychology and Law: a Cautious Alliance

Section 3: Psychology and Law: a Cautious Alliance

Section 1: Interrogations and Confessions

Section 2: Interrogations and Confessions

Section 3: Interrogations and Confessions

Section 1: Lie Detection

Section 2: Lie Detection

Section 1: The Psychology of Forensic Identification: Dna, Fingerprints, and Physical Trace Evidence

Section 2: The Psychology of Forensic Identification: Dna, Fingerprints, and Physical Trace Evidence

Section 3: The Psychology of Forensic Identification: Dna, Fingerprints, and Physical Trace Evidence

Section 1: Criminal Profiling and Psychological Autopsies

Section 2: Criminal Profiling and Psychological Autopsies

Section 3: Criminal Profiling and Psychological Autopsies

Section 1: Child Sexual Abuse: Interviewing Children and the Recovered Memories of Adults

Section 2: Child Sexual Abuse: Interviewing Children and the Recovered Memories of Adults

Section 3: Child Sexual Abuse: Interviewing Children and the Recovered Memories of Adults

Section 1: Eyewitness Identification and Testimony

Section 2: Eyewitness Identification and Testimony

Section 3: Eyewitness Identification and Testimony

Section 1: Competency to Stand Trial

Section 2: Competency to Stand Trial

Section 3: Competency to Stand Trial

Section 1: Jury Selection and Trial Procedure

Section 2: Jury Selection and Trial Procedure

Section 3: Jury Selection and Trial Procedure

Section 1: The Insanity Defense

Section 2: The Insanity Defense

Section 3: The Insanity Defense

Section 1: Battered Woman Syndrome, Rape Trauma Syndrome, and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Section 2: Battered Woman Syndrome, Rape Trauma Syndrome, and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Section 3: Battered Woman Syndrome, Rape Trauma Syndrome, and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Section 1: Juries and Judges As Decision Makers

Section 2: Juries and Judges As Decision Makers

Section 3 Juries and Judges As Decision Makers

Section 1: Child Custody Disputes

Section 2: Child Custody Disputes

Section 3: Child Custody Disputes

Section 1: Workplace Law: Harassment, Discrimination, and Fairness

Section 2: Workplace Law: Harassment, Discrimination, and Fairness

Section 3: Workplace Law: Harassment, Discrimination, and Fairness

Section 1: Predicting Violent Behavior: the Psychology of Risk Assessment

Section 2: Predicting Violent Behavior: the Psychology of Risk Assessment

Section 3: Predicting Violent Behavior: the Psychology of Risk Assessment

Section 1: Corrections: Sentencing, Imprisonment, and Alternatives

Section 2: Corrections: Sentencing, Imprisonment, and Alternatives

Section 3: Corrections: Sentencing, Imprisonment, and Alternatives

Section 1: The Death Penalty

Section 2: The Death Penalty

Section 3: The Death Penalty

Filters

Police investigators who were surveyed believed they detect lies _, whereas their actual lie-detecting ability compared with that of students was _.

Experimental research has demonstrated that when actual interrogation training videos are used, training _ the ability to detect deception and makes people _ confident about their judgments.

In the comparison question test (formerly, control question test) of polygraph examination, comparison questions are designed to be _ and compel people to _ when answering them.