Question 1

According to studies, which form of evidence is most incriminating (likely to lead to conviction)?

Accepted Answer

A)  Eyewitness testimony. 
B)  Expert testimony. 
C)  Confession. 
D)  DNA analysis. 
A)  Eyewitness testimony. 
B)  Expert testimony. 
C)  Confession. 
D)  DNA analysis. C

Question 2

Michelle is in custody and being interrogated. One of the police officers is being nice and tries to empathize with her while the other one glares at her and accuses her of committing the crime because of her greed. The behavior of the police officers is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)  providing a sense of control. 
B)  convincing Michelle that there is no proof of her guilt. 
C)  playing "good cop-bad cop." 
D)  establishing a sense of social isolation. 
A)  providing a sense of control. 
B)  convincing Michelle that there is no proof of her guilt. 
C)  playing "good cop-bad cop." 
D)  establishing a sense of social isolation. C

Question 3

According to the text, all of the following statements are true, EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  it may be impossible to know what percentage of all confessions are false. 
B)  studies prove that false confessions are extremely rare. 
C)  proven false confessions are only a small portion of all false confessions. 
D)  studies show that about 25% of wrongful convictions involve false confessions. 
A)  it may be impossible to know what percentage of all confessions are false. 
B)  studies prove that false confessions are extremely rare. 
C)  proven false confessions are only a small portion of all false confessions. 
D)  studies show that about 25% of wrongful convictions involve false confessions. B

Question 4

All of the following is true about the use of torture in interrogations, EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  there is no direct research on the effectiveness of torture. 
B)  torture-based interrogations are likely to increase false confessions. 
C)  there is clear research evidence that torture leads to extracting useful information. 
D)  people who claim that "torture works" offer only anecdotal evidence to prove their point. 
A)  there is no direct research on the effectiveness of torture. 
B)  torture-based interrogations are likely to increase false confessions. 
C)  there is clear research evidence that torture leads to extracting useful information. 
D)  people who claim that "torture works" offer only anecdotal evidence to prove their point.

Question 5

Shane was involved in a highly charged court case. His job was to provide an overview of research to assist the jury in making a well-informed decision regarding the suspect, in particular, in regard to the suspect's confession. Shane was called in to serve in what capacity?

Accepted Answer

A)  Special contributor to the court. 
B)  Expert witness. 
C)  Crime scene investigator. 
D)  Clinical psychologist. 
A)  Special contributor to the court. 
B)  Expert witness. 
C)  Crime scene investigator. 
D)  Clinical psychologist.

Question 6

The Reid technique is _____ used by police when questioning suspects. Establishing a sense of loss of control as part of this technique makes suspects feel _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  rarely; vulnerable 
B)  often; empowered 
C)  rarely; empowered 
D)  often; vulnerable 
A)  rarely; vulnerable 
B)  often; empowered 
C)  rarely; empowered 
D)  often; vulnerable

Question 7

Jeremy purposely confessed to a crime he did not commit to cover for his wife. This type of confession is referred to as an:

Accepted Answer

A)  instrumental-coerced confession. 
B)  instrumental-voluntary confession. 
C)  authentic-coerced confession. 
D)  authentic-voluntary confession. 
A)  instrumental-coerced confession. 
B)  instrumental-voluntary confession. 
C)  authentic-coerced confession. 
D)  authentic-voluntary confession.

Question 8

According to research studies described in the text, mock jurors who reported that they disregarded the confession as clearly coerced were _____ likely to convict the defendant.

Accepted Answer

A)  somewhat less 
B)  significantly less 
C)  still more 
D)  not more 
A)  somewhat less 
B)  significantly less 
C)  still more 
D)  not more

Question 9

In the United Kingdom, Police and Criminal Evidence Act (PACE) was enacted to make it illegal to trick suspects or to lie for the purpose of coercing suspects to confess. Studies show that _____, suspects are _____ likely to admit guilt.

Accepted Answer

A)  along with the decline of pressure tactics and trickery; less 
B)  despite the decline of pressure tactics and trickery; just as 
C)  despite the decline of pressure tactics and trickery; more 
D)  along with the increase of pressure tactics and trickery; just as 
A)  along with the decline of pressure tactics and trickery; less 
B)  despite the decline of pressure tactics and trickery; just as 
C)  despite the decline of pressure tactics and trickery; more 
D)  along with the increase of pressure tactics and trickery; just as

Question 10

Jillian had often suffered from a delusional behavior disorder. When brought in for questioning, she quickly confessed to a crime that she had taken no part in. The term used for this type of false confession is an:

Accepted Answer

A)  instrumental-voluntary confession. 
B)  authentic-voluntary confession. 
C)  instrumental-coerced confession. 
D)  authentic-coerced confession. 
A)  instrumental-voluntary confession. 
B)  authentic-voluntary confession. 
C)  instrumental-coerced confession. 
D)  authentic-coerced confession.

Question 11

Research in the field of social psychology has discovered that people tend to _____ the impact of situational forces, and this process is responsible for believing that suspects in police custody would _____ to the crime they did not commit.

Accepted Answer

A)  overestimate; confess 
B)  overestimate; not confess 
C)  disregard; confess 
D)  disregard; not confess 
A)  overestimate; confess 
B)  overestimate; not confess 
C)  disregard; confess 
D)  disregard; not confess

Question 12

Miranda rights are intended to notify the suspect of the following rights EXCEPT for the right to:

Accepted Answer

A)  remain silent. 
B)  have an attorney present. 
C)  have an attorney provided. 
D)  remain in custody. 
A)  remain silent. 
B)  have an attorney present. 
C)  have an attorney provided. 
D)  remain in custody.

Question 13

The tendency to attribute others' behavior to dispositional causes such as personality is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A)  fundamental attribution error. 
B)  functional fixedness. 
C)  frustration-aggression hypothesis. 
D)  false memory syndrome. 
A)  fundamental attribution error. 
B)  functional fixedness. 
C)  frustration-aggression hypothesis. 
D)  false memory syndrome.

Question 14

All of the following are possible explanations for waiving the Miranda rights, EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  the suspect may not understand his or her rights clearly. 
B)  people are used to signing waivers or various kinds. 
C)  police are very careful in explaining to suspects their rights. 
D)  people do not want to create an impression they are guilty. 
A)  the suspect may not understand his or her rights clearly. 
B)  people are used to signing waivers or various kinds. 
C)  police are very careful in explaining to suspects their rights. 
D)  people do not want to create an impression they are guilty.

Question 15

Utilization of a team approach to interrogation is often referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A)  tagging. 
B)  good cop-bad cop approach. 
C)  misunderstanding. 
D)  ambiguous interrogation. 
A)  tagging. 
B)  good cop-bad cop approach. 
C)  misunderstanding. 
D)  ambiguous interrogation.

Question 16

Beginning in the 1960s, confessions have been generally ruled inadmissible if they resulted from the following forms of coercion EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  physical abuse or threats of violence. 
B)  depriving the suspect of sleep and food. 
C)  vague promises of leniency at sentencing. 
D)  explicit promises of immunity from prosecution. 
A)  physical abuse or threats of violence. 
B)  depriving the suspect of sleep and food. 
C)  vague promises of leniency at sentencing. 
D)  explicit promises of immunity from prosecution.

Question 17

The purpose of exculpatory scenarios is to:

Accepted Answer

A)  provide various possible reasons for the crime to have been committed. 
B)  increase probability of admission of guilt through offering a justification for actions. 
C)  reduce confusing circumstances, so an admission of guilt is easier to produce. 
D)  maximize the importance of the suspect's reason for committing the crime. 
A)  provide various possible reasons for the crime to have been committed. 
B)  increase probability of admission of guilt through offering a justification for actions. 
C)  reduce confusing circumstances, so an admission of guilt is easier to produce. 
D)  maximize the importance of the suspect's reason for committing the crime.

Question 18

According to the textbook, police prefer a confession because:

Accepted Answer

A)  interrogators have a chance to practice their skills. 
B)  confessions save time. 
C)  confessions guarantee a conviction in court. 
D)  suspects are relieved after admitting to crime. 
A)  interrogators have a chance to practice their skills. 
B)  confessions save time. 
C)  confessions guarantee a conviction in court. 
D)  suspects are relieved after admitting to crime.

Question 19

As a result of a long, drawn out interrogation process, Kathryn confessed to a crime knowing that she did not commit it. This type of confession is called an:

Accepted Answer

A)  authentic-voluntary confession. 
B)  instrumental-coerced confession. 
C)  authentic-coerced confession. 
D)  instrumental-voluntary confession. 
A)  authentic-voluntary confession. 
B)  instrumental-coerced confession. 
C)  authentic-coerced confession. 
D)  instrumental-voluntary confession.

Question 20

Research by Kassin and his colleagues has shown that even when _____ had no problem recognizing that a confession was coerced, they still voted _____ more often.

Accepted Answer

A)  police; not guilty 
B)  jurors; not guilty 
C)  police; guilty 
D)  jurors; guilty 
A)  police; not guilty 
B)  jurors; not guilty 
C)  police; guilty 
D)  jurors; guilty

Exam 2: Section 2: Interrogations and Confessions

According to studies, which form of evidence is most incriminating (likely to lead to conviction)?

Michelle is in custody and being interrogated. One of the police officers is being nice and tries to empathize with her while the other one glares at her and accuses her of committing the crime because of her greed. The behavior of the police officers is an example of:

According to the text, all of the following statements are true, EXCEPT:

All of the following is true about the use of torture in interrogations, EXCEPT:

Shane was involved in a highly charged court case. His job was to provide an overview of research to assist the jury in making a well-informed decision regarding the suspect, in particular, in regard to the suspect's confession. Shane was called in to serve in what capacity?

The Reid technique is _____ used by police when questioning suspects. Establishing a sense of loss of control as part of this technique makes suspects feel _____.

Jeremy purposely confessed to a crime he did not commit to cover for his wife. This type of confession is referred to as an:

According to research studies described in the text, mock jurors who reported that they disregarded the confession as clearly coerced were _____ likely to convict the defendant.

In the United Kingdom, Police and Criminal Evidence Act (PACE) was enacted to make it illegal to trick suspects or to lie for the purpose of coercing suspects to confess. Studies show that _____, suspects are _____ likely to admit guilt.

Jillian had often suffered from a delusional behavior disorder. When brought in for questioning, she quickly confessed to a crime that she had taken no part in. The term used for this type of false confession is an:

Research in the field of social psychology has discovered that people tend to _____ the impact of situational forces, and this process is responsible for believing that suspects in police custody would _____ to the crime they did not commit.

Miranda rights are intended to notify the suspect of the following rights EXCEPT for the right to:

The tendency to attribute others' behavior to dispositional causes such as personality is referred to as:

All of the following are possible explanations for waiving the Miranda rights, EXCEPT:

Utilization of a team approach to interrogation is often referred to as:

Beginning in the 1960s, confessions have been generally ruled inadmissible if they resulted from the following forms of coercion EXCEPT:

The purpose of exculpatory scenarios is to:

According to the textbook, police prefer a confession because:

As a result of a long, drawn out interrogation process, Kathryn confessed to a crime knowing that she did not commit it. This type of confession is called an:

Research by Kassin and his colleagues has shown that even when _____ had no problem recognizing that a confession was coerced, they still voted _____ more often.

Section 1: Psychology and Law: a Cautious Alliance

Section 2: Psychology and Law: a Cautious Alliance

Section 3: Psychology and Law: a Cautious Alliance

Section 1: Interrogations and Confessions

Section 3: Interrogations and Confessions

Section 1: Lie Detection

Section 2: Lie Detection

Section 3: Lie Detection

Section 1: The Psychology of Forensic Identification: Dna, Fingerprints, and Physical Trace Evidence

Section 2: The Psychology of Forensic Identification: Dna, Fingerprints, and Physical Trace Evidence

Section 3: The Psychology of Forensic Identification: Dna, Fingerprints, and Physical Trace Evidence

Section 1: Criminal Profiling and Psychological Autopsies

Section 2: Criminal Profiling and Psychological Autopsies

Section 3: Criminal Profiling and Psychological Autopsies

Section 1: Child Sexual Abuse: Interviewing Children and the Recovered Memories of Adults

Section 2: Child Sexual Abuse: Interviewing Children and the Recovered Memories of Adults

Section 3: Child Sexual Abuse: Interviewing Children and the Recovered Memories of Adults

Section 1: Eyewitness Identification and Testimony

Section 2: Eyewitness Identification and Testimony

Section 3: Eyewitness Identification and Testimony

Section 1: Competency to Stand Trial

Section 2: Competency to Stand Trial

Section 3: Competency to Stand Trial

Section 1: Jury Selection and Trial Procedure

Section 2: Jury Selection and Trial Procedure

Section 3: Jury Selection and Trial Procedure

Section 1: The Insanity Defense

Section 2: The Insanity Defense

Section 3: The Insanity Defense

Section 1: Battered Woman Syndrome, Rape Trauma Syndrome, and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Section 2: Battered Woman Syndrome, Rape Trauma Syndrome, and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Section 3: Battered Woman Syndrome, Rape Trauma Syndrome, and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Section 1: Juries and Judges As Decision Makers

Section 2: Juries and Judges As Decision Makers

Section 3 Juries and Judges As Decision Makers

Section 1: Child Custody Disputes

Section 2: Child Custody Disputes

Section 3: Child Custody Disputes

Section 1: Workplace Law: Harassment, Discrimination, and Fairness

Section 2: Workplace Law: Harassment, Discrimination, and Fairness

Section 3: Workplace Law: Harassment, Discrimination, and Fairness

Section 1: Predicting Violent Behavior: the Psychology of Risk Assessment

Section 2: Predicting Violent Behavior: the Psychology of Risk Assessment

Section 3: Predicting Violent Behavior: the Psychology of Risk Assessment

Section 1: Corrections: Sentencing, Imprisonment, and Alternatives

Section 2: Corrections: Sentencing, Imprisonment, and Alternatives

Section 3: Corrections: Sentencing, Imprisonment, and Alternatives

Section 1: The Death Penalty

Section 2: The Death Penalty

Section 3: The Death Penalty

Filters

The Reid technique is _ used by police when questioning suspects. Establishing a sense of loss of control as part of this technique makes suspects feel _.

In the United Kingdom, Police and Criminal Evidence Act (PACE) was enacted to make it illegal to trick suspects or to lie for the purpose of coercing suspects to confess. Studies show that _, suspects are _ likely to admit guilt.

Research in the field of social psychology has discovered that people tend to _ the impact of situational forces, and this process is responsible for believing that suspects in police custody would _ to the crime they did not commit.

Research by Kassin and his colleagues has shown that even when _ had no problem recognizing that a confession was coerced, they still voted _ more often.