Question 1

To circumvent the vagueness of the best interest of the child standard, many states have adopted:

Accepted Answer

A)  the joint legal custody standard. 
B)  the primary caretaker rule. 
C)  preferred custody arrangements. 
D)  the approximation rule. 
A)  the joint legal custody standard. 
B)  the primary caretaker rule. 
C)  preferred custody arrangements. 
D)  the approximation rule. C

Question 2

Under the tender years doctrine, unless there were extenuating circumstances, _____ were placed in the custody of the mother.

Accepted Answer

A)  all children 
B)  only young children 
C)  young children and female children 
D)  only female children 
A)  all children 
B)  only young children 
C)  young children and female children 
D)  only female children C

Question 3

One commonly used test in custody evaluations is the Rorschach Inkblot Test. The reason why it is not advisable to use this test is that it:

Accepted Answer

A)  lacks validity and reliability in forensic evaluations. 
B)  has the potential to cause psychological distress to the subject. 
C)  is extremely complex to interpret and requires years of practice on the part of the evaluator. 
D)  is intimate in nature, which puts the subject in an uncomfortable position. 
A)  lacks validity and reliability in forensic evaluations. 
B)  has the potential to cause psychological distress to the subject. 
C)  is extremely complex to interpret and requires years of practice on the part of the evaluator. 
D)  is intimate in nature, which puts the subject in an uncomfortable position. A

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT true about mediation?

Accepted Answer

A)  It leads to custody agreements more quickly. 
B)  It is conducted in a non-adversarial setting. 
C)  It is more costly than litigation. 
D)  It is faster than litigation. 
A)  It leads to custody agreements more quickly. 
B)  It is conducted in a non-adversarial setting. 
C)  It is more costly than litigation. 
D)  It is faster than litigation.

Question 5

Under the doctrine Pater familias used in English common law prior to the nineteenth century:

Accepted Answer

A)  fathers were automatically granted custody of their children. 
B)  mothers were automatically granted custody of their children. 
C)  the children of the divorcing parents decided what parent they preferred to live with. 
D)  best interests of the child were taken into account when deciding custody. 
A)  fathers were automatically granted custody of their children. 
B)  mothers were automatically granted custody of their children. 
C)  the children of the divorcing parents decided what parent they preferred to live with. 
D)  best interests of the child were taken into account when deciding custody.

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a weakness of the best interest of the child standard (BICS)?

Accepted Answer

A)  Vagueness of the criteria for custody decisions. 
B)  Possible escalation of conflicts and litigation between parents. 
C)  Asking courts to predict the future. 
D)  Presumption that mother is entitled to custody. 
A)  Vagueness of the criteria for custody decisions. 
B)  Possible escalation of conflicts and litigation between parents. 
C)  Asking courts to predict the future. 
D)  Presumption that mother is entitled to custody.

Question 7

In which of the following cases did the Supreme Court hold that "custody decisions cannot turn on racial considerations?"

Accepted Answer

A)  Painter v. Bannister 
B)  Palmore v. Sidoti 
C)  Myers v. Otto 
D)  Boswell v. Boswell 
A)  Painter v. Bannister 
B)  Palmore v. Sidoti 
C)  Myers v. Otto 
D)  Boswell v. Boswell

Question 8

According to the text, which of the following is NOT a reason for the paucity of research on the long-term effects of divorce on children?

Accepted Answer

A)  Longitudinal research is difficult, expensive, and time-consuming to conduct. 
B)  It is difficult to determine whether psychological problems predated the divorce or were caused by it. 
C)  It is difficult to publish this type of research in scientific journals because it is interdisciplinary. 
D)  It is difficult to measure the variables indicating healthy adjustment in children. 
A)  Longitudinal research is difficult, expensive, and time-consuming to conduct. 
B)  It is difficult to determine whether psychological problems predated the divorce or were caused by it. 
C)  It is difficult to publish this type of research in scientific journals because it is interdisciplinary. 
D)  It is difficult to measure the variables indicating healthy adjustment in children.

Question 9

Several focused forensic assessment instruments were developed for determining the best custody arrangement. However:

Accepted Answer

A)  they are not used widely despite their excellent psychometric properties. 
B)  their validity and reliability are largely in doubt. 
C)  these techniques are combinations of existing tests. 
D)  they can only be administered to adults, not to children. 
A)  they are not used widely despite their excellent psychometric properties. 
B)  their validity and reliability are largely in doubt. 
C)  these techniques are combinations of existing tests. 
D)  they can only be administered to adults, not to children.

Question 10

Which response style is more common in child custody evaluations?

Accepted Answer

A)  Faking good. 
B)  Acquiescence. 
C)  Malingering. 
D)  Learned helplessness. 
A)  Faking good. 
B)  Acquiescence. 
C)  Malingering. 
D)  Learned helplessness.

Question 11

A majority of children whose parents divorce:

Accepted Answer

A)  show serious adjustment problems throughout life. 
B)  manage to adapt and to grow into psychologically healthy adults. 
C)  show externalizing problems throughout life. 
D)  have difficulty in forming relationships throughout life. 
A)  show serious adjustment problems throughout life. 
B)  manage to adapt and to grow into psychologically healthy adults. 
C)  show externalizing problems throughout life. 
D)  have difficulty in forming relationships throughout life.

Question 12

Which custody arrangement is most common?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sole physical custody by the mother. 
B)  Sole physical custody by the father. 
C)  Joint physical custody. 
D)  Joint physical and legal custody. 
A)  Sole physical custody by the mother. 
B)  Sole physical custody by the father. 
C)  Joint physical custody. 
D)  Joint physical and legal custody.

Question 13

All of the following instruments are commonly used by psychologists in child custody evaluations EXCEPT the:

Accepted Answer

A)  Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, Second Edition (MMPI-2). 
B)  Rorschach Inkblot Test. 
C)  Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, Fourth Edition (WAIS-IV). 
D)  Millon Multiaxial Personality Inventory, Third edition (MCMI-III). 
A)  Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, Second Edition (MMPI-2). 
B)  Rorschach Inkblot Test. 
C)  Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, Fourth Edition (WAIS-IV). 
D)  Millon Multiaxial Personality Inventory, Third edition (MCMI-III).

Question 14

The case of Painter v. Bannister (1966) illustrates:

Accepted Answer

A)  the doctrine Pater familias. 
B)  the wide discretion the courts have in awarding custody. 
C)  the tender years doctrine. 
D)  the reasonable parent standard. 
A)  the doctrine Pater familias. 
B)  the wide discretion the courts have in awarding custody. 
C)  the tender years doctrine. 
D)  the reasonable parent standard.

Question 15

Otto and Martindale (2007) found that judges followed experts' recommendations in about _____ of child custody cases.

Accepted Answer

A)  60% to 90% 
B)  20% to 30% 
C)  10% 
D)  50% 
A)  60% to 90% 
B)  20% to 30% 
C)  10% 
D)  50%

Exam 12: Section 3 Juries and Judges As Decision Makers

To circumvent the vagueness of the best interest of the child standard, many states have adopted:

Under the tender years doctrine, unless there were extenuating circumstances, _____ were placed in the custody of the mother.

One commonly used test in custody evaluations is the Rorschach Inkblot Test. The reason why it is not advisable to use this test is that it:

Which of the following is NOT true about mediation?

Under the doctrine Pater familias used in English common law prior to the nineteenth century:

Which of the following is NOT a weakness of the best interest of the child standard (BICS)?

In which of the following cases did the Supreme Court hold that "custody decisions cannot turn on racial considerations?"

According to the text, which of the following is NOT a reason for the paucity of research on the long-term effects of divorce on children?

Several focused forensic assessment instruments were developed for determining the best custody arrangement. However:

Which response style is more common in child custody evaluations?

A majority of children whose parents divorce:

Which custody arrangement is most common?

All of the following instruments are commonly used by psychologists in child custody evaluations EXCEPT the:

The case of Painter v. Bannister (1966) illustrates:

Otto and Martindale (2007) found that judges followed experts' recommendations in about _____ of child custody cases.

Section 1: Psychology and Law: a Cautious Alliance

Section 2: Psychology and Law: a Cautious Alliance

Section 3: Psychology and Law: a Cautious Alliance

Section 1: Interrogations and Confessions

Section 2: Interrogations and Confessions

Section 3: Interrogations and Confessions

Section 1: Lie Detection

Section 2: Lie Detection

Section 3: Lie Detection

Section 1: The Psychology of Forensic Identification: Dna, Fingerprints, and Physical Trace Evidence

Section 2: The Psychology of Forensic Identification: Dna, Fingerprints, and Physical Trace Evidence

Section 3: The Psychology of Forensic Identification: Dna, Fingerprints, and Physical Trace Evidence

Section 1: Criminal Profiling and Psychological Autopsies

Section 2: Criminal Profiling and Psychological Autopsies

Section 3: Criminal Profiling and Psychological Autopsies

Section 1: Child Sexual Abuse: Interviewing Children and the Recovered Memories of Adults

Section 2: Child Sexual Abuse: Interviewing Children and the Recovered Memories of Adults

Section 3: Child Sexual Abuse: Interviewing Children and the Recovered Memories of Adults

Section 1: Eyewitness Identification and Testimony

Section 2: Eyewitness Identification and Testimony

Section 3: Eyewitness Identification and Testimony

Section 1: Competency to Stand Trial

Section 2: Competency to Stand Trial

Section 3: Competency to Stand Trial

Section 1: Jury Selection and Trial Procedure

Section 2: Jury Selection and Trial Procedure

Section 3: Jury Selection and Trial Procedure

Section 1: The Insanity Defense

Section 2: The Insanity Defense

Section 3: The Insanity Defense

Section 1: Battered Woman Syndrome, Rape Trauma Syndrome, and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Section 2: Battered Woman Syndrome, Rape Trauma Syndrome, and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Section 3: Battered Woman Syndrome, Rape Trauma Syndrome, and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Section 1: Juries and Judges As Decision Makers

Section 2: Juries and Judges As Decision Makers

Section 1: Child Custody Disputes

Section 2: Child Custody Disputes

Section 3: Child Custody Disputes

Section 1: Workplace Law: Harassment, Discrimination, and Fairness

Section 2: Workplace Law: Harassment, Discrimination, and Fairness

Section 3: Workplace Law: Harassment, Discrimination, and Fairness

Section 1: Predicting Violent Behavior: the Psychology of Risk Assessment

Section 2: Predicting Violent Behavior: the Psychology of Risk Assessment

Section 3: Predicting Violent Behavior: the Psychology of Risk Assessment

Section 1: Corrections: Sentencing, Imprisonment, and Alternatives

Section 2: Corrections: Sentencing, Imprisonment, and Alternatives

Section 3: Corrections: Sentencing, Imprisonment, and Alternatives

Section 1: The Death Penalty

Section 2: The Death Penalty

Section 3: The Death Penalty

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