Question 1

Where do most local potentials form in a neuron?

Accepted Answer

A)  The dendrites 
B)  The neurosomas 
C)  The axon hillock 
D)  The trigger zone 
E)  The Schwann cells 
A)  The dendrites 
B)  The neurosomas 
C)  The axon hillock 
D)  The trigger zone 
E)  The Schwann cells

Question 2

The __________ division tends to prepare the body for action.

Accepted Answer

A)  sensory afferent 
B)  motor afferent 
C)  somatic motor 
D)  parasympathetic 
E)  sympathetic 
A)  sensory afferent 
B)  motor afferent 
C)  somatic motor 
D)  parasympathetic 
E)  sympathetic

Question 3

If a neuron is prevented from sending a neurotransmitter across a synapse to another cell,which neuron property is being inhibited?

Accepted Answer

A)  Secretion 
B)  Excitability 
C)  Conductivity 
D)  Permeability 
A)  Secretion 
B)  Excitability 
C)  Conductivity 
D)  Permeability

Question 4

Local potentials are __________,meaning they vary in magnitude according to the strength of the stimulus.

Accepted Answer

A)  stabile 
B)  graded 
C)  self propagating 
D)  excitatory 
E)  inhibitory 
A)  stabile 
B)  graded 
C)  self propagating 
D)  excitatory 
E)  inhibitory

Question 5

Nerves are __________ of the nervous system.

Accepted Answer

A)  organs 
B)  tissues 
C)  organ systems 
D)  organelles 
E)  cells 
A)  organs 
B)  tissues 
C)  organ systems 
D)  organelles 
E)  cells

Question 6

What type of neural circuit is best for producing a prolonged output?

Accepted Answer

A)  A converging circuit 
B)  A diverging circuit 
C)  A reverberating circuit 
D)  A presynaptic pool 
E)  An autonomic pool 
A)  A converging circuit 
B)  A diverging circuit 
C)  A reverberating circuit 
D)  A presynaptic pool 
E)  An autonomic pool

Question 7

Accumulation of Ca2+ in the axon terminal is called __________,and probably plays an important role in __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  synaptic facilitation;short-term memory 
B)  neural coding;immediate memory 
C)  postsynaptic potential;long-term memory 
D)  neural coding;short-term memory 
E)  long-term potentiation;long-term memory 
A)  synaptic facilitation;short-term memory 
B)  neural coding;immediate memory 
C)  postsynaptic potential;long-term memory 
D)  neural coding;short-term memory 
E)  long-term potentiation;long-term memory

Question 8

Some __________ neurons are specialized to detect stimuli,whereas __________ neurons send signals to the effectors of the nervous system.

Accepted Answer

A)  efferent;afferent 
B)  afferent;efferent 
C)  motor;sensory 
D)  efferent;inter- 
E)  afferent;inter- 
A)  efferent;afferent 
B)  afferent;efferent 
C)  motor;sensory 
D)  efferent;inter- 
E)  afferent;inter-

Question 9

Which of these happens first in an cholinergic synaptic transmission?

Accepted Answer

A)  Acetylcholine diffuses across the synaptic cleft 
B)  A postsynaptic potential is produced 
C)  Sodium enters the postsynaptic cell 
D)  The synaptic vesicles release acetylcholine 
E)  Acetylcholine binds to ligand-regulated gates 
A)  Acetylcholine diffuses across the synaptic cleft 
B)  A postsynaptic potential is produced 
C)  Sodium enters the postsynaptic cell 
D)  The synaptic vesicles release acetylcholine 
E)  Acetylcholine binds to ligand-regulated gates

Question 10

Place the following events in synaptic transmission at a cholinergic synapse in order: A - A postsynaptic potential is produced;B - Voltage gated calcium channels open and calcium enters the cell;C - ACh is released and diffuses across the axon terminal;D - A nerve signal arrives at an axon terminal;E - Ligand gated sodium channels open and sodium enters the cell.

Accepted Answer

A)  D,B,C,E,A 
B)  D,B,E,A,C 
C)  B,C,D,E,A 
D)  B,D,C,A,E 
A)  D,B,C,E,A 
B)  D,B,E,A,C 
C)  B,C,D,E,A 
D)  B,D,C,A,E

Question 11

During the absolute refractory period which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  If a neuron reaches threshold,the action potential goes to completion. 
B)  The neuron fires at its maximum voltage if a stimulus depolarizes the neuron to threshold. 
C)  The signal grows weaker with distance. 
D)  It is possible to trigger a new action potential,but only with an unusually strong stimulus. 
E)  No stimulus of any strength will trigger a new action potential. 
A)  If a neuron reaches threshold,the action potential goes to completion. 
B)  The neuron fires at its maximum voltage if a stimulus depolarizes the neuron to threshold. 
C)  The signal grows weaker with distance. 
D)  It is possible to trigger a new action potential,but only with an unusually strong stimulus. 
E)  No stimulus of any strength will trigger a new action potential.

Question 12

Which of the following will cause the plasma membrane to hyperpolarize when at its RMP?

Accepted Answer

A)  An inflow of sodium 
B)  An inflow of potassium 
C)  An inflow of calcium 
D)  An inflow of chloride 
E)  An outflow of chloride 
A)  An inflow of sodium 
B)  An inflow of potassium 
C)  An inflow of calcium 
D)  An inflow of chloride 
E)  An outflow of chloride

Question 13

In an action potential,which event directly follows repolarization?

Accepted Answer

A)  Threshold is reached 
B)  Hyperpolarization of the membrane 
C)  Depolarization of the membrane 
D)  Hypopolarization of the membrane 
E)  The resting membrane potential is reinstated 
A)  Threshold is reached 
B)  Hyperpolarization of the membrane 
C)  Depolarization of the membrane 
D)  Hypopolarization of the membrane 
E)  The resting membrane potential is reinstated

Question 14

Even though all action potentials are the same,the brain can differentiate a variety of stimuli by source and intensity.The mechanism by which the nervous system converts these action potentials into meaningful information is called neural __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  recruitment 
B)  pooling 
C)  integration 
D)  facilitation 
E)  coding 
A)  recruitment 
B)  pooling 
C)  integration 
D)  facilitation 
E)  coding

Question 15

An inhibitory local potential causes which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Depolarization of the plasma membrane 
B)  Hyperpolarization of the plasma membrane 
C)  Repolarization of the plasma membrane 
D)  Neutralization of the plasma membrane 
E)  Drifting of the membrane potential towards the resting membrane potential 
A)  Depolarization of the plasma membrane 
B)  Hyperpolarization of the plasma membrane 
C)  Repolarization of the plasma membrane 
D)  Neutralization of the plasma membrane 
E)  Drifting of the membrane potential towards the resting membrane potential

Question 16

Local potentials are __________,whereas action potentials are __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  irreversible;reversible 
B)  self-propagating;local 
C)  graded;all or none 
D)  nondecremental;decremental 
E)  produced by voltage-regulated channels;produced by gated channels 
A)  irreversible;reversible 
B)  self-propagating;local 
C)  graded;all or none 
D)  nondecremental;decremental 
E)  produced by voltage-regulated channels;produced by gated channels

Question 17

A traveling wave of excitation is known as a(n)__________.

Accepted Answer

A)  local potential 
B)  graded potential 
C)  action potential 
D)  nerve signal 
E)  depolarizing signal 
A)  local potential 
B)  graded potential 
C)  action potential 
D)  nerve signal 
E)  depolarizing signal

Question 18

When a neuron is stimulated,Na+ gates open and allow Na+ to exit the cell.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Which of these does not contribute to the cessation of the signal in a synaptic transmission?

Accepted Answer

A)  Synaptic vesicles secrete neurotransmitter by exocytosis. 
B)  Neurotransmitter escapes from the synapse into the nearby extracellular fluid. 
C)  Neurotransmitters are no longer released. 
D)  The axon terminal reabsorbs some neurotransmitters by endocytosis. 
E)  Enzymes in the postsynaptic cell break down some neurotransmitters. 
A)  Synaptic vesicles secrete neurotransmitter by exocytosis. 
B)  Neurotransmitter escapes from the synapse into the nearby extracellular fluid. 
C)  Neurotransmitters are no longer released. 
D)  The axon terminal reabsorbs some neurotransmitters by endocytosis. 
E)  Enzymes in the postsynaptic cell break down some neurotransmitters.

Question 20

The __________ division carries signals to the smooth muscle in the large intestine.

Accepted Answer

A)  visceral sensory 
B)  somatic sensory 
C)  visceral motor 
D)  somatic motor 
E)  afferent 
A)  visceral sensory 
B)  somatic sensory 
C)  visceral motor 
D)  somatic motor 
E)  afferent

Exam 12: Nervous Tissue

Where do most local potentials form in a neuron?

The __________ division tends to prepare the body for action.

If a neuron is prevented from sending a neurotransmitter across a synapse to another cell,which neuron property is being inhibited?

Local potentials are __________,meaning they vary in magnitude according to the strength of the stimulus.

Nerves are __________ of the nervous system.

What type of neural circuit is best for producing a prolonged output?

Accumulation of Ca2+ in the axon terminal is called __________,and probably plays an important role in __________.

Some __________ neurons are specialized to detect stimuli,whereas __________ neurons send signals to the effectors of the nervous system.

Which of these happens first in an cholinergic synaptic transmission?

During the absolute refractory period which of the following is true?

Which of the following will cause the plasma membrane to hyperpolarize when at its RMP?

In an action potential,which event directly follows repolarization?

Even though all action potentials are the same,the brain can differentiate a variety of stimuli by source and intensity.The mechanism by which the nervous system converts these action potentials into meaningful information is called neural __________.

An inhibitory local potential causes which of the following?

Local potentials are __________,whereas action potentials are __________.

A traveling wave of excitation is known as a(n)__________.

When a neuron is stimulated,Na+ gates open and allow Na+ to exit the cell.

Which of these does not contribute to the cessation of the signal in a synaptic transmission?

The __________ division carries signals to the smooth muscle in the large intestine.

Major Themes of Anatomy and Physiology

The Chemistry of Life

Cellular Form and Function

Genetics of Cellular Function

Histology

The Integumentary System

Bone Tissue

The Skeletal System

Joints

The Muscular System

Muscular Tissue

The Spinal Cord,spinal Nerves,and Somatic Reflexes

The Brain and Cranial Nerves

The Autonomic Nervous System and Visceral Reflexes

Sense Organs

The Endocrine System

The Circulatory System: Blood

The Circulatory System: Heart

The Circulatory System: Blood Vessels and Circulation

The Lymphatic and Immune Systems

The Respiratory System

The Urinary System

Fluid, electrolyte, and Acidbase Balance

The Digestive System

Nutrition and Metabolism

The Male Reproductive System

The Female Reproductive System

Human Development and Aging

Atlas a General Orientation to Human Anatomy

Filters

Accumulation of Ca²⁺ in the axon terminal is called ,and probably plays an important role in .

Some neurons are specialized to detect stimuli,whereas neurons send signals to the effectors of the nervous system.

Local potentials are ,whereas action potentials are .

When a neuron is stimulated,Na⁺ gates open and allow Na⁺ to exit the cell.