Question 1

Averaging over two or three consecutive observations is one method for dealing with

Accepted Answer

A) trends in the data. 
B) phase changes. 
C) unstable data. 
D) a treatment that has a relatively small effect. 
A) trends in the data. 
B) phase changes. 
C) unstable data. 
D) a treatment that has a relatively small effect. C

Question 2

Dr.Moore is trying to reduce Evan's "talk out" behaviors,first at school and then at home.Which research design is she most likely to use?

Accepted Answer

A) ABAB 
B) multiple-baseline across behaviors 
C) multiple-baseline across situations 
D) multiple-baseline across subjects 
A) ABAB 
B) multiple-baseline across behaviors 
C) multiple-baseline across situations 
D) multiple-baseline across subjects C

Question 3

In a single-subject experimental design,if there is low variability from one observation to the next within a phase,the data are

Accepted Answer

A) stable. 
B) unstable. 
C) statistically significant. 
D) visually significant. 
A) stable. 
B) unstable. 
C) statistically significant. 
D) visually significant. A

Question 4

The most commonly used single-subject designs are the ABAB design and the multiple-baseline design.Describe the different circumstances for which each of these designs is appropriate.

Accepted Answer

The ABAB design is intended fo

Question 5

To be successful,a single-subject experiment must have stable data in each phase before moving to the next phase.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Describe the purpose of a phase within a single-case experiment and the ways to define a pattern within a phase.

Accepted Answer

The purpose of a phase within a single-s

Question 7

If a researcher is planning an ABAB design but the participant does not respond to the treatment,the researcher can simply switch to a new treatment and begin a more complex phase-change design.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

The second AB in the sequence of an ABAB design provides evidence of

Accepted Answer

A) external validity. 
B) internal validity. 
C) reactivity. 
D) experimenter bias. 
A) external validity. 
B) internal validity. 
C) reactivity. 
D) experimenter bias.

Question 9

Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using visual inspection of graphs rather than statistics to evaluate the significance of the results.

Accepted Answer

The disadvantage of visual inspection is

Question 10

A stable level within a phase is defined as

Accepted Answer

A) a set of observations that cluster around a horizontal line when graphed. 
B) a set of observations that cluster around a line sloping up to the right when graphed. 
C) a set of observations that cluster around a line sloping down to the right when graphed. 
D) a series of observations that all have exactly the same magnitude. 
A) a set of observations that cluster around a horizontal line when graphed. 
B) a set of observations that cluster around a line sloping up to the right when graphed. 
C) a set of observations that cluster around a line sloping down to the right when graphed. 
D) a series of observations that all have exactly the same magnitude.

Question 11

In a graph of the results from an ABAB reversal design,which of the following features justifies a conclusion that the treatment causes changes in behavior?

Accepted Answer

A) the size of the change in behavior when the treatment is first introduced 
B) the time delay between the introduction of the treatment and the first change in behavior 
C) a permanent change in behavior that continues even after the treatment is withdrawn 
D) repeatedly demonstrating that behavior changes consistently when the treatment is introduced,withdrawn,and introduced again 
A) the size of the change in behavior when the treatment is first introduced 
B) the time delay between the introduction of the treatment and the first change in behavior 
C) a permanent change in behavior that continues even after the treatment is withdrawn 
D) repeatedly demonstrating that behavior changes consistently when the treatment is introduced,withdrawn,and introduced again

Question 12

Typically,the results from a single-subject research study are evaluated using

Accepted Answer

A) descriptive statistics such as the mean and standard deviation. 
B) inferential statistics such as a hypothesis test. 
C) visual inspection of a graph. 
D) consensus among at least three researchers. 
A) descriptive statistics such as the mean and standard deviation. 
B) inferential statistics such as a hypothesis test. 
C) visual inspection of a graph. 
D) consensus among at least three researchers.

Question 13

The ABAB design is inappropriate to use

Accepted Answer

A) for a treatment that has a permanent effect. 
B) for a treatment that does not change behavior when it is withdrawn. 
C) for a treatment that changes behavior gradually over time and has a long lasting effect. 
D) the other three choices are all examples of inappropriate use of an ABAB design. 
A) for a treatment that has a permanent effect. 
B) for a treatment that does not change behavior when it is withdrawn. 
C) for a treatment that changes behavior gradually over time and has a long lasting effect. 
D) the other three choices are all examples of inappropriate use of an ABAB design.

Question 14

The optimal length of a phase is three observations.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

In most research studies,statistical techniques are used to rule out chance as a plausible explanation for the results.In single-subject research,how is chance (or coincidence)ruled out as a plausible explanation for the observed treatment effects?

Accepted Answer

In single-subject research,chance is rul

Question 16

A researcher begins an ABAB design but finds that the participant shows no change in behavior when the first treatment phase is administered.The research can

Accepted Answer

A) withdraw the treatment and return to baseline. 
B) introduce a modified version of the treatment. 
C) introduce a completely different treatment. 
D) a variety of options are available including all of the other three choices. 
A) withdraw the treatment and return to baseline. 
B) introduce a modified version of the treatment. 
C) introduce a completely different treatment. 
D) a variety of options are available including all of the other three choices.

Question 17

A therapist has created a program for treating stuttering.Most people who complete the two-week program are permanently cured.If the therapist decided to evaluate the program with a single-subject design,which design would be appropriate?

Accepted Answer

A) ABAB design 
B) multiple-baseline design 
C) alternating-treatments design 
D) changing-criterion design 
A) ABAB design 
B) multiple-baseline design 
C) alternating-treatments design 
D) changing-criterion design

Question 18

Which of the following are most similar to single-subject designs?

Accepted Answer

A) correlational designs 
B) nonequivalent control group designs 
C) time-series designs 
D) between-subject experimental designs 
A) correlational designs 
B) nonequivalent control group designs 
C) time-series designs 
D) between-subject experimental designs

Question 19

A baseline phase consists of a series of observations made immediately after a treatment is introduced.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

During a one-hour session,a therapist switches back and forth between periods of personal comments aimed directly at the patient (You seem to be quite happy today.)and periods of impersonal comments (Happiness often is associated with sunny weather.).The therapist records how many self-revealing statements the patient makes during each period to see if there are any consistent differences.The researcher is using a(n)

Accepted Answer

A) ABAB design. 
B) multiple-baseline design. 
C) alternating-treatments design. 
D) changing-criterion design. 
A) ABAB design. 
B) multiple-baseline design. 
C) alternating-treatments design. 
D) changing-criterion design.

Averaging over two or three consecutive observations is one method for dealing with

Dr.Moore is trying to reduce Evan's "talk out" behaviors,first at school and then at home.Which research design is she most likely to use?

In a single-subject experimental design,if there is low variability from one observation to the next within a phase,the data are

The most commonly used single-subject designs are the ABAB design and the multiple-baseline design.Describe the different circumstances for which each of these designs is appropriate.

To be successful,a single-subject experiment must have stable data in each phase before moving to the next phase.

Describe the purpose of a phase within a single-case experiment and the ways to define a pattern within a phase.

If a researcher is planning an ABAB design but the participant does not respond to the treatment,the researcher can simply switch to a new treatment and begin a more complex phase-change design.

The second AB in the sequence of an ABAB design provides evidence of

Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using visual inspection of graphs rather than statistics to evaluate the significance of the results.

A stable level within a phase is defined as

In a graph of the results from an ABAB reversal design,which of the following features justifies a conclusion that the treatment causes changes in behavior?

Typically,the results from a single-subject research study are evaluated using

The ABAB design is inappropriate to use

The optimal length of a phase is three observations.

In most research studies,statistical techniques are used to rule out chance as a plausible explanation for the results.In single-subject research,how is chance (or coincidence)ruled out as a plausible explanation for the observed treatment effects?

A researcher begins an ABAB design but finds that the participant shows no change in behavior when the first treatment phase is administered.The research can

A therapist has created a program for treating stuttering.Most people who complete the two-week program are permanently cured.If the therapist decided to evaluate the program with a single-subject design,which design would be appropriate?

Which of the following are most similar to single-subject designs?

A baseline phase consists of a series of observations made immediately after a treatment is introduced.

Introduction, Acquiring Knowledge, and the Scientific Method

Research Ideas

Defining and Measuring Variables

Ethics in Research

Selecting Research Participants

Research Strategies and Validity

The Experimental Research Strategy

Experimental Designs: Between-Subjects Design

Experimental Designs: Within-Subjects Design

The Nonexperimental and Quasi-Experimental Strategies: Nonequivalent Group, Pre-Post, and Developmental Designs

Factorial Designs

The Correlational Research Strategy

Descriptive Research Strategy

Statistical Evaluation of Data

Writing a Research Report

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Exam 14: Single-Subject Research Designs

Averaging over two or three consecutive observations is one method for dealing with

Dr.Moore is trying to reduce Evan's "talk out" behaviors,first at school and then at home.Which research design is she most likely to use?

In a single-subject experimental design,if there is low variability from one observation to the next within a phase,the data are

The most commonly used single-subject designs are the ABAB design and the multiple-baseline design.Describe the different circumstances for which each of these designs is appropriate.

To be successful,a single-subject experiment must have stable data in each phase before moving to the next phase.

Describe the purpose of a phase within a single-case experiment and the ways to define a pattern within a phase.

If a researcher is planning an ABAB design but the participant does not respond to the treatment,the researcher can simply switch to a new treatment and begin a more complex phase-change design.

The second AB in the sequence of an ABAB design provides evidence of

Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using visual inspection of graphs rather than statistics to evaluate the significance of the results.

A stable level within a phase is defined as

In a graph of the results from an ABAB reversal design,which of the following features justifies a conclusion that the treatment causes changes in behavior?

Typically,the results from a single-subject research study are evaluated using

The ABAB design is inappropriate to use

The optimal length of a phase is three observations.

In most research studies,statistical techniques are used to rule out chance as a plausible explanation for the results.In single-subject research,how is chance (or coincidence)ruled out as a plausible explanation for the observed treatment effects?

A researcher begins an ABAB design but finds that the participant shows no change in behavior when the first treatment phase is administered.The research can

A therapist has created a program for treating stuttering.Most people who complete the two-week program are permanently cured.If the therapist decided to evaluate the program with a single-subject design,which design would be appropriate?

Which of the following are most similar to single-subject designs?

A baseline phase consists of a series of observations made immediately after a treatment is introduced.

Introduction, Acquiring Knowledge, and the Scientific Method

Research Ideas

Defining and Measuring Variables

Ethics in Research

Selecting Research Participants

Research Strategies and Validity

The Experimental Research Strategy

Experimental Designs: Between-Subjects Design

Experimental Designs: Within-Subjects Design

The Nonexperimental and Quasi-Experimental Strategies: Nonequivalent Group, Pre-Post, and Developmental Designs

Factorial Designs

The Correlational Research Strategy

Descriptive Research Strategy

Statistical Evaluation of Data

Writing a Research Report

Filters