Exam 6: Research Strategies and Validity

Experimental research studies tend to have very _______ internal validity but often have relatively ______ external validity.

Which research strategies produce similar data structures that use the same statistical analyses?

In a study with a group of individuals being tested in a series of treatment conditions that extends over a relatively long time,it is possible that there will be systematic changes in the participants' physiology or psychology that occur during the time of the study.If these changes influence the participants' scores,causing scores at the end of the study to be different from scores at the beginning,the effect is called

If a researcher finds that room color influences mood of the adults in a sample,then the researcher would like to conclude that room color affects mood of

If the participants in one treatment condition are noticeably older than the participants in another treatment condition,then participant age is a confounding variable.

A researcher designs a study to determine whether female preschoolers prefer sweetened or unsweetened cereal.The researcher uses a box of sweetened colorful cereal and a box of unsweetened tan colored cereal.The research finds that the group of preschoolers ate more of the sweetened colorful cereal and therefore prefers the sweetened cereal.Which two variables are confounded in this experiment?

Explain the difference between assignment bias and selection bias.Which one is a threat to internal validity and which is a threat to external validity?

A research _______ is a general plan for implementing the research strategy.

When one treatment condition has a lasting effect on individuals that influences their scores in future treatments,the study is confounded by

Define internal validity in research design.Describe two threats to the internal validity of a research study.(Note: For each threat,be sure to label it,describe it,and be sure to indicate how it specifically is a threat to the internal validity of the design.)

The purpose of the correlational research strategy is to describe the relationship between two variables and measure its strength.

Which of the following questions can be addressed with the correlational strategy?

If participants in one treatment condition have characteristics that are different from the characteristics of participants in another treatment condition,then _______ may be threatened.

The primary distinction between quantitative research and qualitative research is based on differences in the

Experimental and nonexperimental studies both involve comparing groups of scores.

As the values for one variable increase from one person to another,the values for a second variable tend to decrease.This is an example of a __________ relationship.

_______ effects occur when environmental events other than the treatment influence the participants' scores in one treatment differently than in another treatment.

Describe the kind of question that each of the five research strategies intends to answer.

The tendency for individuals who have extreme scores (high or low)on one measurement and to have less extreme scores on a second measurement is called

What is an extraneous variable? How can it become a confounding variable? Describe a research study that contains an example of an extraneous variable.