Question 1

A researcher reports a significant correlation using an alpha level of .01.In this situation

Accepted Answer

A) the probability that the researcher is making a Type I error is p > .01. B) the probability that the researcher is making a Type I error is p .01. D) the probability that the researcher is making a Type II error is p < .01. A) the probability that the researcher is making a Type I error is p > .01. B) the probability that the researcher is making a Type I error is p .01. D) the probability that the researcher is making a Type II error is p < .01. B

Question 2

Identify the purpose for a hypothesis test and briefly explain how a hypothesis test accomplishes its purpose.

Accepted Answer

The purpose for a hypothesis test is to rule out chance as a plausible explanation for the patterns or relationships that are found in sample data.A typical test accomplishes this goal by first computing a measure of what is reasonable to expect by chance,and then demonstrating that the sample results are more than chance alone can explain.Because it is always possible that research results are simply due to chance,an alpha level is used to identify the maximum probability that the results are simply chance.

Question 3

What is measured and described by the standard deviation?

Accepted Answer

A) the sum of the scores divided by the number of scores 
B) the average distance from the mean 
C) the square root of the average distance from the mean 
D) the average squared distance from the mean 
A) the sum of the scores divided by the number of scores 
B) the average distance from the mean 
C) the square root of the average distance from the mean 
D) the average squared distance from the mean B

Question 4

In general,a sample with large variance is more likely to produce a significant result than a sample with small variance.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

If a distribution of numerical scores contains one or two extremely high values,compared to the rest of the scores,which measure of central tendency would produce the most representative value?

Accepted Answer

A) the mean 
B) the median 
C) the mode 
D) the standard deviation 
A) the mean 
B) the median 
C) the mode 
D) the standard deviation

Question 6

Because measures of split-half reliability are based on only half the items in the test,they tend to underestimate the true reliability of the whole test.Which of the following is an attempt to correct this problem?

Accepted Answer

A) the Spearman-Brown formula 
B) the Kuder-Richardson formula 20 
C) Cronbach's alpha 
D) All of the other options are techniques to correct the underestimation problem. 
A) the Spearman-Brown formula 
B) the Kuder-Richardson formula 20 
C) Cronbach's alpha 
D) All of the other options are techniques to correct the underestimation problem.

Question 7

One concern with measuring split-half reliability is that many different correlations are possible depending on how you decide to split the test items in half.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

A researcher is interested in the sleeping habits of students at the local state college.The average number of hours spent sleeping each night for the entire set of students enrolled at the college is an example of a

Accepted Answer

A) statistic. 
B) parameter. 
C) sample. 
D) population. 
A) statistic. 
B) parameter. 
C) sample. 
D) population.

Question 9

Describe the general purpose for descriptive statistical techniques and for inferential statistical techniques.

Accepted Answer

The purpose for descriptive statistical

Question 10

In a distribution with a mean of M = 76 and a standard deviation of SD = 7,a score of 91 would be considered an extreme value.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Which of the following is the definition of variance?

Accepted Answer

A) the sum of the scores divided by the number of scores 
B) the average distance from the mean 
C) the square root of the average distance from the mean 
D) the average squared distance from the mean 
A) the sum of the scores divided by the number of scores 
B) the average distance from the mean 
C) the square root of the average distance from the mean 
D) the average squared distance from the mean

Question 12

Statistical techniques that summarize,organize,and simplify data are classified as

Accepted Answer

A) population statistics. 
B) sample statistics. 
C) descriptive statistics. 
D) inferential statistics. 
A) population statistics. 
B) sample statistics. 
C) descriptive statistics. 
D) inferential statistics.

Question 13

Without some correction,the percentage of agreement between two observers will tend to overestimate the true level of inter-rater reliability.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

If the data in a scatter plot form a nearly perfect circle,the Pearson correlation would be approximately

Accepted Answer

A) +0.8 or +0.9. 
B) 1.00. 
C) zero. 
A) +0.8 or +0.9. 
B) 1.00. 
C) zero.

Question 15

In general,a correlation obtained from a large sample is more likely to be significant than a correlation obtained from a small sample.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

A Type I error means that a researcher has

Accepted Answer

A) falsely concluded that a treatment has an effect. 
B) correctly concluded that a treatment has no effect. 
C) falsely concluded that a treatment has no effect. 
D) correctly concluded that a treatment has an effect. 
A) falsely concluded that a treatment has an effect. 
B) correctly concluded that a treatment has no effect. 
C) falsely concluded that a treatment has no effect. 
D) correctly concluded that a treatment has an effect.

Question 17

Without some correction,measures of inter-rater reliability

Accepted Answer

A) tend to overestimate the true level of agreement between the raters. 
B) tend to underestimate the true level of agreement between the raters. 
C) provide a very inaccurate estimate of the true level of agreement between the raters. 
D) Inter-rater reliability tends to be accurate without correction. 
A) tend to overestimate the true level of agreement between the raters. 
B) tend to underestimate the true level of agreement between the raters. 
C) provide a very inaccurate estimate of the true level of agreement between the raters. 
D) Inter-rater reliability tends to be accurate without correction.

Question 18

The most commonly used descriptive statistics for a set of numerical scores are

Accepted Answer

A) the mean and the variance. 
B) the mean and the standard deviation. 
C) the mean and the mode. 
D) the mean and the median. 
A) the mean and the variance. 
B) the mean and the standard deviation. 
C) the mean and the mode. 
D) the mean and the median.

Question 19

For a research study comparing the average problem-solving ability for 5-year-old,6-year old,and 7-year-old boys,the appropriate hypothesis test is

Accepted Answer

A) independent-measures t test. 
B) repeated-measures t test. 
C) single-factor analysis of variance. 
D) chi-square test for independence. 
A) independent-measures t test. 
B) repeated-measures t test. 
C) single-factor analysis of variance. 
D) chi-square test for independence.

Question 20

Last year the college basketball team averaged 72 points per game with a standard deviation of 6.In the first game this season,they scored 85 points.Compared to last year,this score is

Accepted Answer

A) a little above average. 
B) far above average. 
C) above average,but it is impossible to describe how much above average. 
D) There is not enough information to compare this score with last year's average. 
A) a little above average. 
B) far above average. 
C) above average,but it is impossible to describe how much above average. 
D) There is not enough information to compare this score with last year's average.

A researcher reports a significant correlation using an alpha level of .01.In this situation

Identify the purpose for a hypothesis test and briefly explain how a hypothesis test accomplishes its purpose.

What is measured and described by the standard deviation?

In general,a sample with large variance is more likely to produce a significant result than a sample with small variance.

If a distribution of numerical scores contains one or two extremely high values,compared to the rest of the scores,which measure of central tendency would produce the most representative value?

Because measures of split-half reliability are based on only half the items in the test,they tend to underestimate the true reliability of the whole test.Which of the following is an attempt to correct this problem?

One concern with measuring split-half reliability is that many different correlations are possible depending on how you decide to split the test items in half.

A researcher is interested in the sleeping habits of students at the local state college.The average number of hours spent sleeping each night for the entire set of students enrolled at the college is an example of a

Describe the general purpose for descriptive statistical techniques and for inferential statistical techniques.

In a distribution with a mean of M = 76 and a standard deviation of SD = 7,a score of 91 would be considered an extreme value.

Which of the following is the definition of variance?

Statistical techniques that summarize,organize,and simplify data are classified as

Without some correction,the percentage of agreement between two observers will tend to overestimate the true level of inter-rater reliability.

If the data in a scatter plot form a nearly perfect circle,the Pearson correlation would be approximately

In general,a correlation obtained from a large sample is more likely to be significant than a correlation obtained from a small sample.

A Type I error means that a researcher has

Without some correction,measures of inter-rater reliability

The most commonly used descriptive statistics for a set of numerical scores are

For a research study comparing the average problem-solving ability for 5-year-old,6-year old,and 7-year-old boys,the appropriate hypothesis test is

Last year the college basketball team averaged 72 points per game with a standard deviation of 6.In the first game this season,they scored 85 points.Compared to last year,this score is

Introduction, Acquiring Knowledge, and the Scientific Method

Research Ideas

Defining and Measuring Variables

Ethics in Research

Selecting Research Participants

Research Strategies and Validity

The Experimental Research Strategy

Experimental Designs: Between-Subjects Design

Experimental Designs: Within-Subjects Design

The Nonexperimental and Quasi-Experimental Strategies: Nonequivalent Group, Pre-Post, and Developmental Designs

Factorial Designs

The Correlational Research Strategy

Descriptive Research Strategy

Single-Subject Research Designs

Writing a Research Report

Filters

Exam 15: Statistical Evaluation of Data

A researcher reports a significant correlation using an alpha level of .01.In this situation

Identify the purpose for a hypothesis test and briefly explain how a hypothesis test accomplishes its purpose.

What is measured and described by the standard deviation?

In general,a sample with large variance is more likely to produce a significant result than a sample with small variance.

If a distribution of numerical scores contains one or two extremely high values,compared to the rest of the scores,which measure of central tendency would produce the most representative value?

Because measures of split-half reliability are based on only half the items in the test,they tend to underestimate the true reliability of the whole test.Which of the following is an attempt to correct this problem?

One concern with measuring split-half reliability is that many different correlations are possible depending on how you decide to split the test items in half.

A researcher is interested in the sleeping habits of students at the local state college.The average number of hours spent sleeping each night for the entire set of students enrolled at the college is an example of a

Describe the general purpose for descriptive statistical techniques and for inferential statistical techniques.

In a distribution with a mean of M = 76 and a standard deviation of SD = 7,a score of 91 would be considered an extreme value.

Which of the following is the definition of variance?

Statistical techniques that summarize,organize,and simplify data are classified as

Without some correction,the percentage of agreement between two observers will tend to overestimate the true level of inter-rater reliability.

If the data in a scatter plot form a nearly perfect circle,the Pearson correlation would be approximately

In general,a correlation obtained from a large sample is more likely to be significant than a correlation obtained from a small sample.

A Type I error means that a researcher has

Without some correction,measures of inter-rater reliability

The most commonly used descriptive statistics for a set of numerical scores are

For a research study comparing the average problem-solving ability for 5-year-old,6-year old,and 7-year-old boys,the appropriate hypothesis test is

Last year the college basketball team averaged 72 points per game with a standard deviation of 6.In the first game this season,they scored 85 points.Compared to last year,this score is

Introduction, Acquiring Knowledge, and the Scientific Method

Research Ideas

Defining and Measuring Variables

Ethics in Research

Selecting Research Participants

Research Strategies and Validity

The Experimental Research Strategy

Experimental Designs: Between-Subjects Design

Experimental Designs: Within-Subjects Design

The Nonexperimental and Quasi-Experimental Strategies: Nonequivalent Group, Pre-Post, and Developmental Designs

Factorial Designs

The Correlational Research Strategy

Descriptive Research Strategy

Single-Subject Research Designs

Writing a Research Report

Filters