Question 1

To establish the reliability of a measure,a researcher examines

Accepted Answer

A) the relationship between the scores from 2 administrations of the measure. 
B) the relationship between the measure and another measure. 
C) the mean difference between the scores from 2 administrations of the measure. 
D) the mean difference between the measure and another measure. 
A) the relationship between the scores from 2 administrations of the measure. 
B) the relationship between the measure and another measure. 
C) the mean difference between the scores from 2 administrations of the measure. 
D) the mean difference between the measure and another measure. A

Question 2

Dr.Jones hopes to demonstrate that children who eat a more nutritious breakfast also tend to have more academic success than their peers.If this result is obtained,then ______________ would be the predictor variable and __________ would be the criterion variable for the study.

Accepted Answer

A) the nutrition in the breakfast; the level of success 
B) the level of success; the nutrition in the breakfast 
C) those who eat a high nutrition breakfast; those who eat a low nutrition breakfast 
D) the children; the level of success 
A) the nutrition in the breakfast; the level of success 
B) the level of success; the nutrition in the breakfast 
C) those who eat a high nutrition breakfast; those who eat a low nutrition breakfast 
D) the children; the level of success A

Question 3

The Pearson correlation measures the degree to which the X and Y data points fit on a straight line.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 4

Describe what is meant by a "negative relationship between two variables."

Accepted Answer

In a negative relationship the

Question 5

A Pearson correlation of r = +0.25 indicates that a graph of the data would show

Accepted Answer

A) points clustered close to a line that slopes up to the right. 
B) points clustered close to a line that slopes down to the right. 
C) points widely scattered around a line that slopes up to the right. 
D) points widely scattered around a line that slopes down to the right. 
A) points clustered close to a line that slopes up to the right. 
B) points clustered close to a line that slopes down to the right. 
C) points widely scattered around a line that slopes up to the right. 
D) points widely scattered around a line that slopes down to the right.

Question 6

A researcher obtained a correlation of r = +0.62 between the amount of time spent watching television and level of blood cholesterol.This means that there is a general tendency for people who watch more television also to have higher blood cholesterol.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

A researcher reports an inverse relationship between weight and exercise level for a group of 8-year-old children (greater weight is associated with less exercise).However,the researcher suspects that the children's rate of metabolism may be responsible for the relationship.That is,children with higher metabolism exercise more and weigh less than children with lower metabolism.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) the third-variable problem. 
B) the directionality problem. 
C) the reversal problem. 
D) the criterion problem. 
A) the third-variable problem. 
B) the directionality problem. 
C) the reversal problem. 
D) the criterion problem.

Question 8

The Spearman correlation measures

Accepted Answer

A) the degree to which the relationship is causal. 
B) the degree of linear relationship. 
C) the degree of curvilinear relationship. 
D) the degree of monotonic relationship. 
A) the degree to which the relationship is causal. 
B) the degree of linear relationship. 
C) the degree of curvilinear relationship. 
D) the degree of monotonic relationship.

Question 9

The correlational research strategy is often used for

Accepted Answer

A) manipulating a variable of interest. 
B) establishing cause and effect relationships. 
C) preliminary research in an area. 
D) describing a variable. 
A) manipulating a variable of interest. 
B) establishing cause and effect relationships. 
C) preliminary research in an area. 
D) describing a variable.

Question 10

Suppose it was observed that there is a correlation of r = ?0.81 between a driver's age and the cost of the car insurance.This correlation would mean that,in general,older people pay more for car insurance.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

A Pearson correlation of r = ?0.25 indicates that a graph of the data would show

Accepted Answer

A) points clustered close to a line that slopes up to the right. 
B) points clustered close to a line that slopes down to the right. 
C) points widely scattered around a line that slopes up to the right. 
D) points widely scattered around a line that slopes down to the right. 
A) points clustered close to a line that slopes up to the right. 
B) points clustered close to a line that slopes down to the right. 
C) points widely scattered around a line that slopes up to the right. 
D) points widely scattered around a line that slopes down to the right.

Question 12

In a correlational study,commonly,

Accepted Answer

A) one variable is measured. 
B) two variables are measured. 
C) one individual is described in great detail. 
D) one individual is treated. 
A) one variable is measured. 
B) two variables are measured. 
C) one individual is described in great detail. 
D) one individual is treated.

Question 13

A college professor reports that students who finish exams early tend to get better grades than students who hold onto exams until the last possible moment.The correlation between exam score and amount of time spent on the exam is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) a positive correlation. 
B) a negative correlation. 
C) a correlation near zero. 
D) a correlation near one. 
A) a positive correlation. 
B) a negative correlation. 
C) a correlation near zero. 
D) a correlation near one.

Question 14

The electric company uses the correlation between summer temperatures and energy consumption to anticipate energy demands.In this example,temperature is the criterion variable.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

A researcher would like to examine the relationship between self-esteem and academic performance for high school students.This researcher could use a correlational study or

Accepted Answer

A) a differential study comparing academic performance scores for a group of high self-esteem students and a group of low self-esteem students. 
B) an experimental study comparing academic performance scores for a group of high self-esteem students and a group of low self-esteem students. 
C) a descriptive study examining self-esteem for a group of students who are in the top 25% of their high school class. 
D) none of the other options could be used to examine the relationship. 
A) a differential study comparing academic performance scores for a group of high self-esteem students and a group of low self-esteem students. 
B) an experimental study comparing academic performance scores for a group of high self-esteem students and a group of low self-esteem students. 
C) a descriptive study examining self-esteem for a group of students who are in the top 25% of their high school class. 
D) none of the other options could be used to examine the relationship.

Question 16

A researcher reports a positive relationship between sugar consumption and activity level for a group of 7-year-old children.Based on this relationship,which of the following conclusions is justified?

Accepted Answer

A) Decreasing the amount of sugar consumption in children will reduce their activity level. 
B) Children who consume more sugar tend to exhibit higher activity levels. 
C) Increasing the amount of sugar consumption in children will increase their activity level. 
D) All of the other options are justified conclusions. 
A) Decreasing the amount of sugar consumption in children will reduce their activity level. 
B) Children who consume more sugar tend to exhibit higher activity levels. 
C) Increasing the amount of sugar consumption in children will increase their activity level. 
D) All of the other options are justified conclusions.

Question 17

Which of the following sets of correlations correctly shows the highest to lowest degree of relationship?

Accepted Answer

A) 0.91,+0.83,+0.10,?0.03 
B) 0.91,+0.83,?0.03,?0.10 
C) +0.83,+0.10,?0.91,?0.03 
D) +0.83,+0.10,?0.03,?0.91 
A) 0.91,+0.83,+0.10,?0.03 
B) 0.91,+0.83,?0.03,?0.10 
C) +0.83,+0.10,?0.91,?0.03 
D) +0.83,+0.10,?0.03,?0.91

Question 18

The results from a research study indicate that adolescents who watch more sexual content on television also tend to engage in more sexual behavior that their peers.The correlation between amount of TV sexual content and amount of sexual behavior is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) a positive correlation. 
B) a negative correlation. 
C) a correlation near zero. 
D) a correlation near one. 
A) a positive correlation. 
B) a negative correlation. 
C) a correlation near zero. 
D) a correlation near one.

Question 19

The Pearson correlation measures

Accepted Answer

A) the degree of relationship without regard to the form of the relationship. 
B) the degree to which the relationship is consistently one directional. 
C) the degree of linear relationship. 
D) the degree of curvilinear relationship. 
A) the degree of relationship without regard to the form of the relationship. 
B) the degree to which the relationship is consistently one directional. 
C) the degree of linear relationship. 
D) the degree of curvilinear relationship.

Question 20

Describe how correlational studies can be used.

Accepted Answer

Three important uses of correl

To establish the reliability of a measure,a researcher examines

Dr.Jones hopes to demonstrate that children who eat a more nutritious breakfast also tend to have more academic success than their peers.If this result is obtained,then ____ would be the predictor variable and would be the criterion variable for the study.

The Pearson correlation measures the degree to which the X and Y data points fit on a straight line.

Describe what is meant by a "negative relationship between two variables."

A Pearson correlation of r = +0.25 indicates that a graph of the data would show

A researcher obtained a correlation of r = +0.62 between the amount of time spent watching television and level of blood cholesterol.This means that there is a general tendency for people who watch more television also to have higher blood cholesterol.

The Spearman correlation measures

The correlational research strategy is often used for

Suppose it was observed that there is a correlation of r = ?0.81 between a driver's age and the cost of the car insurance.This correlation would mean that,in general,older people pay more for car insurance.

A Pearson correlation of r = ?0.25 indicates that a graph of the data would show

In a correlational study,commonly,

A college professor reports that students who finish exams early tend to get better grades than students who hold onto exams until the last possible moment.The correlation between exam score and amount of time spent on the exam is an example of

The electric company uses the correlation between summer temperatures and energy consumption to anticipate energy demands.In this example,temperature is the criterion variable.

A researcher would like to examine the relationship between self-esteem and academic performance for high school students.This researcher could use a correlational study or

A researcher reports a positive relationship between sugar consumption and activity level for a group of 7-year-old children.Based on this relationship,which of the following conclusions is justified?

Which of the following sets of correlations correctly shows the highest to lowest degree of relationship?

The results from a research study indicate that adolescents who watch more sexual content on television also tend to engage in more sexual behavior that their peers.The correlation between amount of TV sexual content and amount of sexual behavior is an example of

The Pearson correlation measures

Describe how correlational studies can be used.

Introduction, Acquiring Knowledge, and the Scientific Method

Research Ideas

Defining and Measuring Variables

Ethics in Research

Selecting Research Participants

Research Strategies and Validity

The Experimental Research Strategy

Experimental Designs: Between-Subjects Design

Experimental Designs: Within-Subjects Design

The Nonexperimental and Quasi-Experimental Strategies: Nonequivalent Group, Pre-Post, and Developmental Designs

Factorial Designs

Descriptive Research Strategy

Single-Subject Research Designs

Statistical Evaluation of Data

Writing a Research Report

Filters

Exam 12: The Correlational Research Strategy

To establish the reliability of a measure,a researcher examines

Dr.Jones hopes to demonstrate that children who eat a more nutritious breakfast also tend to have more academic success than their peers.If this result is obtained,then ______________ would be the predictor variable and __________ would be the criterion variable for the study.

The Pearson correlation measures the degree to which the X and Y data points fit on a straight line.

Describe what is meant by a "negative relationship between two variables."

A Pearson correlation of r = +0.25 indicates that a graph of the data would show

A researcher obtained a correlation of r = +0.62 between the amount of time spent watching television and level of blood cholesterol.This means that there is a general tendency for people who watch more television also to have higher blood cholesterol.

The Spearman correlation measures

The correlational research strategy is often used for

Suppose it was observed that there is a correlation of r = ?0.81 between a driver's age and the cost of the car insurance.This correlation would mean that,in general,older people pay more for car insurance.

A Pearson correlation of r = ?0.25 indicates that a graph of the data would show

In a correlational study,commonly,

A college professor reports that students who finish exams early tend to get better grades than students who hold onto exams until the last possible moment.The correlation between exam score and amount of time spent on the exam is an example of

The electric company uses the correlation between summer temperatures and energy consumption to anticipate energy demands.In this example,temperature is the criterion variable.

A researcher would like to examine the relationship between self-esteem and academic performance for high school students.This researcher could use a correlational study or

A researcher reports a positive relationship between sugar consumption and activity level for a group of 7-year-old children.Based on this relationship,which of the following conclusions is justified?

Which of the following sets of correlations correctly shows the highest to lowest degree of relationship?

The results from a research study indicate that adolescents who watch more sexual content on television also tend to engage in more sexual behavior that their peers.The correlation between amount of TV sexual content and amount of sexual behavior is an example of

The Pearson correlation measures

Describe how correlational studies can be used.

Introduction, Acquiring Knowledge, and the Scientific Method

Research Ideas

Defining and Measuring Variables

Ethics in Research

Selecting Research Participants

Research Strategies and Validity

The Experimental Research Strategy

Experimental Designs: Between-Subjects Design

Experimental Designs: Within-Subjects Design

The Nonexperimental and Quasi-Experimental Strategies: Nonequivalent Group, Pre-Post, and Developmental Designs

Factorial Designs

Descriptive Research Strategy

Single-Subject Research Designs

Statistical Evaluation of Data

Writing a Research Report

Filters

Dr.Jones hopes to demonstrate that children who eat a more nutritious breakfast also tend to have more academic success than their peers.If this result is obtained,then ____ would be the predictor variable and would be the criterion variable for the study.