Question 1

To become a more sophisticated and critical thinker,what should one do?

Accepted Answer

A) remember that causation is superior to correlation. 
B) accept complex explanations rather than seeking simpler alternatives. 
C) avoid spending considerable amounts of time developing operational definitions. 
D) consider first how to disprove a theory before seeking confirming evidence. 
A) remember that causation is superior to correlation. 
B) accept complex explanations rather than seeking simpler alternatives. 
C) avoid spending considerable amounts of time developing operational definitions. 
D) consider first how to disprove a theory before seeking confirming evidence. D

Question 2

On the basis of carefully controlled research on subliminal messages,what did the authors of the textbook conclude?

Accepted Answer

A) subliminal messages on CDs offer nothing more than placebo effects. 
B) consumers must be careful because only some CDs are effective. 
C) nearly 75% of adults who listen to subliminal CDs show benefits. 
D) subliminal messages on CDs can have opposite effects to those that are intended. 
A) subliminal messages on CDs offer nothing more than placebo effects. 
B) consumers must be careful because only some CDs are effective. 
C) nearly 75% of adults who listen to subliminal CDs show benefits. 
D) subliminal messages on CDs can have opposite effects to those that are intended. A

Question 3

What is one of the most important functions of correlational research?

Accepted Answer

A) One can be certain about the causes of behaviour. 
B) One can draw conclusions based on relatively weak data. 
C) Once can observe human behaviour as it takes place in the natural environment. 
D) One can make predictions about one variable based upon information from another variable. 
A) One can be certain about the causes of behaviour. 
B) One can draw conclusions based on relatively weak data. 
C) Once can observe human behaviour as it takes place in the natural environment. 
D) One can make predictions about one variable based upon information from another variable. D

Question 4

The entire set of individuals to which generalizations will be made based on an experimental sample is called the population.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

In Robert Rosenthal's study of the effects of expectations,some students were led to believe that the rats they were training were maze-bright and other students were told that their rats were maze-dull.In reality,the rats were all the same.What did Rosenthal find in the study?

Accepted Answer

A) The rats labeled as bright were found to be much better learners. 
B) The students became suspicious of how the rats were labeled. 
C) Surprisingly,the rats labeled dull were found to be much better learners. 
D) There was no relationship between the way the rats were labeled and whether students found their rats to be good or bad learners. 
A) The rats labeled as bright were found to be much better learners. 
B) The students became suspicious of how the rats were labeled. 
C) Surprisingly,the rats labeled dull were found to be much better learners. 
D) There was no relationship between the way the rats were labeled and whether students found their rats to be good or bad learners.

Question 6

Given the following correlation coefficients,what is the weakest correlation?

Accepted Answer

A) +0.10 
B) -0.06 
C) -0.10 
D) -0.60 
A) +0.10 
B) -0.06 
C) -0.10 
D) -0.60

Question 7

A representative sample should have equal numbers of males and females as well as an even balance among all racial groups.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

What is the primary reason why psychological researchers use the experimental method?

Accepted Answer

A) To make claims concerning causality. 
B) To observe changes in behaviour. 
C) To detect possible confounding variables. 
D) To determine if two variables are related. 
A) To make claims concerning causality. 
B) To observe changes in behaviour. 
C) To detect possible confounding variables. 
D) To determine if two variables are related.

Question 9

A student has been asked to determine if there is a relationship between musical ability and mathematical ability.What type of research design would be best suited to this task?

Accepted Answer

A) between - subjects experiment. 
B) case study. 
C) correlational study. 
D) naturalistic observation. 
A) between - subjects experiment. 
B) case study. 
C) correlational study. 
D) naturalistic observation.

Question 10

After collecting data,a researcher determines that places that have instituted a death penalty have shown a decrease in murders.Assuming that the data are accurate,what can be safely concluded?

Accepted Answer

A) The relationship has been determined by another variable. 
B) Places that do not have a death penalty should consider instituting one as a deterrent to violent crime. 
C) There are fewer murders in places that have a death penalty. 
D) It is likely that violent criminals have moved to places that do not yet have a death penalty. 
A) The relationship has been determined by another variable. 
B) Places that do not have a death penalty should consider instituting one as a deterrent to violent crime. 
C) There are fewer murders in places that have a death penalty. 
D) It is likely that violent criminals have moved to places that do not yet have a death penalty.

Question 11

If the information produced by research or testing accurately measures the psychological variable or quality it is intended to measure,it is said to be valid.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

What level of significance is commonly used by psychologists when assessing whether their results are due to chance?

Accepted Answer

A) 5 
B) .5 
C) .05 
D) .01 
A) 5 
B) .5 
C) .05 
D) .01

Question 13

Which statement is true of the within-subjects experimental design?

Accepted Answer

A) It is a subtype of the between-subjects design. 
B) There are no comparison conditions in this design. 
C) There are two experimental groups and one control group. 
D) Each participant serves in all conditions of the experiment. 
A) It is a subtype of the between-subjects design. 
B) There are no comparison conditions in this design. 
C) There are two experimental groups and one control group. 
D) Each participant serves in all conditions of the experiment.

Question 14

All events,physical,mental and behavioural,are the result of,or are determined by,specific causal factors.Which term best captures this belief?

Accepted Answer

A) causation. 
B) replication. 
C) generalization. 
D) determinism. 
A) causation. 
B) replication. 
C) generalization. 
D) determinism.

Question 15

In a study that examined male and female participation in "Doctors of the World," what was the primary source of data?

Accepted Answer

A) interviews conducted on the selected subjects. 
B) naturalistic observations of individuals. 
C) experimental data. 
D) archival records. 
A) interviews conducted on the selected subjects. 
B) naturalistic observations of individuals. 
C) experimental data. 
D) archival records.

Question 16

In a study conducted in England by Haddock,participants were asked how much they were interested in politics.Then the questionnaire continued in one of four ways.One version asked the participants to list two positive characteristics for Prime Minister Tony Blair.A second version asked participants to list five positive characteristics for the prime minister.The remaining two versions of the questionnaires asked for two or five negative characteristics.What did the results reveal for the subset of participants who were relatively uninterested in politics?

Accepted Answer

A) their ratings of Tony Blair were relatively more negative when they attempted to recall two negative characteristics. 
B) their ratings of Tony Blair were relatively more positive when they attempted to recall five negative characteristics. 
C) their ratings of Tony Blair were relatively more positive when they attempted to recall positive characteristics. 
D) there was no link between the generation of either positive or negative characteristics and the participants' liking or disliking Tony Blair. 
A) their ratings of Tony Blair were relatively more negative when they attempted to recall two negative characteristics. 
B) their ratings of Tony Blair were relatively more positive when they attempted to recall five negative characteristics. 
C) their ratings of Tony Blair were relatively more positive when they attempted to recall positive characteristics. 
D) there was no link between the generation of either positive or negative characteristics and the participants' liking or disliking Tony Blair.

Question 17

An instructor develops a test for introductory psychology students that contains ten analytical geometry problems.What is this test clearly lacking?

Accepted Answer

A) validity. 
B) reliability. 
C) accuracy. 
D) clarity. 
A) validity. 
B) reliability. 
C) accuracy. 
D) clarity.

Question 18

A researcher or observer should try to subtly communicate to participants in a study the behaviours he or she anticipates,to bring about a desirable expectancy effect.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

A researcher hypothesizes that boys are more aggressive than girls.Support for the hypothesis is gained by personally watching children at the playground.What should the researcher consider when determining the validty of the data collected?

Accepted Answer

A) observer bias. 
B) standardization. 
C) dependent variables. 
D) independent variables. 
A) observer bias. 
B) standardization. 
C) dependent variables. 
D) independent variables.

Question 20

In company A,the relationship between motivation and worker productivity is +.60,while in company B,the relationship between motivation and worker productivity is -.90.Based upon this knowledge,which of the following observations is true?

Accepted Answer

A) The ability to accurately predict worker productivity from worker motivation is greater in company A. 
B) The ability to accurately predict worker productivity from worker motivation is greater in company B. 
C) The ability to accurately predict worker productivity from worker motivation will be the same in both companies. 
D) One cannot predict worker productivity from worker's motivation using correlational data. 
A) The ability to accurately predict worker productivity from worker motivation is greater in company A. 
B) The ability to accurately predict worker productivity from worker motivation is greater in company B. 
C) The ability to accurately predict worker productivity from worker motivation will be the same in both companies. 
D) One cannot predict worker productivity from worker's motivation using correlational data.

Exam 2: A: Research Methods in Psychology

To become a more sophisticated and critical thinker,what should one do?

On the basis of carefully controlled research on subliminal messages,what did the authors of the textbook conclude?

What is one of the most important functions of correlational research?

The entire set of individuals to which generalizations will be made based on an experimental sample is called the population.

In Robert Rosenthal's study of the effects of expectations,some students were led to believe that the rats they were training were maze-bright and other students were told that their rats were maze-dull.In reality,the rats were all the same.What did Rosenthal find in the study?

Given the following correlation coefficients,what is the weakest correlation?

A representative sample should have equal numbers of males and females as well as an even balance among all racial groups.

What is the primary reason why psychological researchers use the experimental method?

A student has been asked to determine if there is a relationship between musical ability and mathematical ability.What type of research design would be best suited to this task?

After collecting data,a researcher determines that places that have instituted a death penalty have shown a decrease in murders.Assuming that the data are accurate,what can be safely concluded?

If the information produced by research or testing accurately measures the psychological variable or quality it is intended to measure,it is said to be valid.

What level of significance is commonly used by psychologists when assessing whether their results are due to chance?

Which statement is true of the within-subjects experimental design?

All events,physical,mental and behavioural,are the result of,or are determined by,specific causal factors.Which term best captures this belief?

In a study that examined male and female participation in "Doctors of the World," what was the primary source of data?

An instructor develops a test for introductory psychology students that contains ten analytical geometry problems.What is this test clearly lacking?

A researcher or observer should try to subtly communicate to participants in a study the behaviours he or she anticipates,to bring about a desirable expectancy effect.

A researcher hypothesizes that boys are more aggressive than girls.Support for the hypothesis is gained by personally watching children at the playground.What should the researcher consider when determining the validty of the data collected?

In company A,the relationship between motivation and worker productivity is +.60,while in company B,the relationship between motivation and worker productivity is -.90.Based upon this knowledge,which of the following observations is true?

Psychology and Life

A: Psychology and Life

Research Methods in Psychology

The Biological Bases of Behaviour

A: Evolutionary Psychology

Sensation and Perception

A: the Biological Bases of Behaviour

Mind,consciousness,and Alternate States

A: Sensation and Perception

Learning and Bahaviour Analysis

A: Mind,consciousness,and Alternate States

Memory

A: Learning and Bahaviour Analysis

Cognitive Processes

A: Memory

Intelligence and Intelligence Assessment

A: Cognitive Processes

Human Development Across the Life Span

A: Intelligence and Intelligence Assessment

Motivation

A: Human Development Across the Life Span

Emotion,stress,and Health

A: Emotion,stress,and Health

Understanding Human Personality

A: Understanding Human Personality

Psychological Disorders

A: Psychological Disorders

Social Psychology

A: Social Psychology

Filters