Question 1

Which of the following is an open-ended question?

Accepted Answer

A) How much did you earn last year? 
B) Do you live in an urban or rural environment? 
C) Are your political views left-wing or right-wing? 
D) What are the benefits of having a college education? 
A) How much did you earn last year? 
B) Do you live in an urban or rural environment? 
C) Are your political views left-wing or right-wing? 
D) What are the benefits of having a college education?

Question 2

To minimize the potential for bias,researchers must be certain that no variable in an experiment is operationally defined.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Before giving its approval,an institutional review panel is attempting to ascertain the benefits of a study that will involve some degree of physical discomfort for the participants.What is the most pressing issue before the committee?

Accepted Answer

A) deceiving participants intentionally. 
B) debriefing participants after the study. 
C) developing the guidelines for informed consent. 
D) making a risk/gain assessment of the study. 
A) deceiving participants intentionally. 
B) debriefing participants after the study. 
C) developing the guidelines for informed consent. 
D) making a risk/gain assessment of the study.

Question 4

A teacher is trying to see if smiling at her students will increase the number of questions they ask.In the first and third weeks of the study,the number of questions students ask is recorded.In the second week,the teacher smiles at her students,and the number of questions is also recorded.What type of research design is being used?

Accepted Answer

A) within-subjects 
B) correlational 
C) placebo control 
D) between-subjects 
A) within-subjects 
B) correlational 
C) placebo control 
D) between-subjects

Question 5

A researcher is interested in documenting the relationship between internal psychological states such as a person's motivation to succeed and his or her feelings of self-confidence.Which type of measure would most likely be used?

Accepted Answer

A) behavioural 
B) self-report 
C) physiological 
D) naturalistic observational 
A) behavioural 
B) self-report 
C) physiological 
D) naturalistic observational

Question 6

How does an interview primarily differ from a questionnaire?

Accepted Answer

A) the interviewer should be able to take the perspective of the respondent. 
B) the interviewer does not need to ask the questions in a completely standardized manner. 
C) the interviewer should be sensitive to the social interaction with the respondent. 
D) an effort should be made by the interviewer to encourage trust on the part of the respondent. 
A) the interviewer should be able to take the perspective of the respondent. 
B) the interviewer does not need to ask the questions in a completely standardized manner. 
C) the interviewer should be sensitive to the social interaction with the respondent. 
D) an effort should be made by the interviewer to encourage trust on the part of the respondent.

Question 7

When research is potentially upsetting for participants,the Canadian Psychological Association guidelines require that risks must be minimized,participants must be informed of the risks,and suitable precautions must be taken to deal with strong reactions.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

A psychologist hypothesizes that viewing pornographic material increases aggressive behaviour in males.What is the dependent variable in this study?

Accepted Answer

A) aggressive behaviour. 
B) the age of the participants. 
C) viewing pornographic material. 
D) the gender of the participants. 
A) aggressive behaviour. 
B) the age of the participants. 
C) viewing pornographic material. 
D) the gender of the participants.

Question 9

Describe research methodologies that involve manipulation of an independent variable.What relationship does the dependent variable have to the independent variable? Include an explanation of experimental group,control condition,and random assignment.

Accepted Answer

The independent variable is the factor m

Question 10

A survey sampled students and members of the American Psychological Association on their attitudes toward the use of animals in research.What did the survey reveal?

Accepted Answer

A) That less than 50% believed that studies carried out in naturalistic settings were useful. 
B) That a majority of students and professors supported the use of animals in undergraduate psychology courses. 
C) That both students and their professors approved studies involving pain or death,but only under certain circumstances. 
D) That over 50% of the respondents believed that laboratory work with animals should be part of undergraduate training in psychology. 
A) That less than 50% believed that studies carried out in naturalistic settings were useful. 
B) That a majority of students and professors supported the use of animals in undergraduate psychology courses. 
C) That both students and their professors approved studies involving pain or death,but only under certain circumstances. 
D) That over 50% of the respondents believed that laboratory work with animals should be part of undergraduate training in psychology.

Question 11

You read in a health magazine that the more people drink alcohol and smoke cigarettes,the greater the number of emotional problems they are likely to have.What does this relationship illustrate?

Accepted Answer

A) cause and effect. 
B) a zero correlation. 
C) a positive correlation. 
D) a negative correlation. 
A) cause and effect. 
B) a zero correlation. 
C) a positive correlation. 
D) a negative correlation.

Question 12

Questionnaires and surveys are examples of self-report measures.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Which topic of discussion would likely include the terms,"process," "products," "direct," and "naturalistic" ?

Accepted Answer

A) interviews. 
B) self-reports. 
C) observations. 
D) questionnaires and surveys. 
A) interviews. 
B) self-reports. 
C) observations. 
D) questionnaires and surveys.

Question 14

In an anecdote presented in the textbook,Hugo Munsterberg,a leading psychologist around the beginning of the 20th century,describes the various reported reactions to a speech he gave on peace.What did the reactions illustrate?

Accepted Answer

A) the potential effect of observer bias. 
B) the rationale for the use of operational definitions. 
C) how Munsterberg created the concept of the scientific method. 
D) the importance of the within-subjects design. 
A) the potential effect of observer bias. 
B) the rationale for the use of operational definitions. 
C) how Munsterberg created the concept of the scientific method. 
D) the importance of the within-subjects design.

Question 15

If a researcher defines variables or conditions in terms of the specific procedures used to determine their presence,what type of definition is being used?

Accepted Answer

A) unbiased 
B) dependent 
C) operational 
D) hypothetical 
A) unbiased 
B) dependent 
C) operational 
D) hypothetical

Question 16

A double-blind control is an experimental technique in which biased expectations are eliminated by telling only the experimental assistants which participants have received which treatment.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

With respect to the concepts of reliability and validity,what can be concluded?

Accepted Answer

A) if a test is reliable,then it also must be valid. 
B) if an experiment is reliable,then it also must be valid. 
C) tests or experiments can be reliable without being valid. 
D) a test,but not an experiment can be reliable without being valid. 
A) if a test is reliable,then it also must be valid. 
B) if an experiment is reliable,then it also must be valid. 
C) tests or experiments can be reliable without being valid. 
D) a test,but not an experiment can be reliable without being valid.

Question 18

Which belief is most likely to be held by individuals conducting psychological research?

Accepted Answer

A) Human behaviour is unpredictable and random. 
B) Behaviour follows discoverable,lawful patterns. 
C) Most explanations of behaviour are to be found in the environment. 
D) Human behaviour is the result of predetermined forces acting upon the individual. 
A) Human behaviour is unpredictable and random. 
B) Behaviour follows discoverable,lawful patterns. 
C) Most explanations of behaviour are to be found in the environment. 
D) Human behaviour is the result of predetermined forces acting upon the individual.

Question 19

The research of Jane Goodall,who has spent more than three decades studying patterns of behaviour among chimpanzees,is a good example of naturalistic observation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Which correlation coefficient must be a mistake?

Accepted Answer

A) 0)0 
B) -0.7 
C) +1.0 
D) +1.4 
A) 0)0 
B) -0.7 
C) +1.0 
D) +1.4

Exam 2: A: Research Methods in Psychology

Which of the following is an open-ended question?

To minimize the potential for bias,researchers must be certain that no variable in an experiment is operationally defined.

Before giving its approval,an institutional review panel is attempting to ascertain the benefits of a study that will involve some degree of physical discomfort for the participants.What is the most pressing issue before the committee?

A researcher is interested in documenting the relationship between internal psychological states such as a person's motivation to succeed and his or her feelings of self-confidence.Which type of measure would most likely be used?

How does an interview primarily differ from a questionnaire?

When research is potentially upsetting for participants,the Canadian Psychological Association guidelines require that risks must be minimized,participants must be informed of the risks,and suitable precautions must be taken to deal with strong reactions.

A psychologist hypothesizes that viewing pornographic material increases aggressive behaviour in males.What is the dependent variable in this study?

Describe research methodologies that involve manipulation of an independent variable.What relationship does the dependent variable have to the independent variable? Include an explanation of experimental group,control condition,and random assignment.

A survey sampled students and members of the American Psychological Association on their attitudes toward the use of animals in research.What did the survey reveal?

You read in a health magazine that the more people drink alcohol and smoke cigarettes,the greater the number of emotional problems they are likely to have.What does this relationship illustrate?

Questionnaires and surveys are examples of self-report measures.

Which topic of discussion would likely include the terms,"process," "products," "direct," and "naturalistic" ?

In an anecdote presented in the textbook,Hugo Munsterberg,a leading psychologist around the beginning of the 20th century,describes the various reported reactions to a speech he gave on peace.What did the reactions illustrate?

If a researcher defines variables or conditions in terms of the specific procedures used to determine their presence,what type of definition is being used?

A double-blind control is an experimental technique in which biased expectations are eliminated by telling only the experimental assistants which participants have received which treatment.

With respect to the concepts of reliability and validity,what can be concluded?

Which belief is most likely to be held by individuals conducting psychological research?

The research of Jane Goodall,who has spent more than three decades studying patterns of behaviour among chimpanzees,is a good example of naturalistic observation.

Which correlation coefficient must be a mistake?

Psychology and Life

A: Psychology and Life

Research Methods in Psychology

The Biological Bases of Behaviour

A: Evolutionary Psychology

Sensation and Perception

A: the Biological Bases of Behaviour

Mind,consciousness,and Alternate States

A: Sensation and Perception

Learning and Bahaviour Analysis

A: Mind,consciousness,and Alternate States

Memory

A: Learning and Bahaviour Analysis

Cognitive Processes

A: Memory

Intelligence and Intelligence Assessment

A: Cognitive Processes

Human Development Across the Life Span

A: Intelligence and Intelligence Assessment

Motivation

A: Human Development Across the Life Span

Emotion,stress,and Health

A: Emotion,stress,and Health

Understanding Human Personality

A: Understanding Human Personality

Psychological Disorders

A: Psychological Disorders

Social Psychology

A: Social Psychology

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