Question 1

Which statement about psychological theories is true?

Accepted Answer

A) They should be simple. 
B) They should be complex. 
C) They should avoid making claims about causal factors. 
D) They should generate new ideas and hypotheses. 
A) They should be simple. 
B) They should be complex. 
C) They should avoid making claims about causal factors. 
D) They should generate new ideas and hypotheses.

Question 2

To minimize observer biases,researchers typically use uniform,consistent procedures in all phases of data collection.This process is known as .

Accepted Answer

The answer of To minimize observer biases,researchers typically use uniform,consistent...

Question 3

A researcher is using the observational technique to study the relationship between student classroom behaviour and academic performance.In this context,what is a good measure of a behavioural process?

Accepted Answer

A) student quiz grades 
B) The students' responses on mid-term course evaluations 
C) student final grades 
D) The amount of time students spend looking at the teacher during instructional time 
A) student quiz grades 
B) The students' responses on mid-term course evaluations 
C) student final grades 
D) The amount of time students spend looking at the teacher during instructional time

Question 4

A research assistant who is working in a psychologist's laboratory learns the importance of keeping complete records of observations and data analyses.What is the primary purpose of such procedures?

Accepted Answer

A) To increase objectivity. 
B) To increase subjectivity. 
C) To adhere to institutional policies and procedures. 
D) To decrease liability claims. 
A) To increase objectivity. 
B) To increase subjectivity. 
C) To adhere to institutional policies and procedures. 
D) To decrease liability claims.

Question 5

At the end of a research study,participants must be provided with as much information about the study as possible and any emotional or psychological problems must be addressed.Which term best captures this process?

Accepted Answer

A) debriefing. 
B) informed consent. 
C) risk/gain assessment. 
D) unintentional deception. 
A) debriefing. 
B) informed consent. 
C) risk/gain assessment. 
D) unintentional deception.

Question 6

Which scenario would be classified as a self-report measure?

Accepted Answer

A) if a person laughs at a joke 
B) the number of errors made by a rat in a maze 
C) a person's written response to a questionnaire 
D) the speed with which a person can press a button 
A) if a person laughs at a joke 
B) the number of errors made by a rat in a maze 
C) a person's written response to a questionnaire 
D) the speed with which a person can press a button

Question 7

What is the primary purpose of randomly assigning participants to experimental and control groups?

Accepted Answer

A) To help eliminate confounding variables related to individual differences. 
B) To help minimize observer bias. 
C) To reduce the likelihood of the placebo effect. 
D) To ensure that the results are generalizable. 
A) To help eliminate confounding variables related to individual differences. 
B) To help minimize observer bias. 
C) To reduce the likelihood of the placebo effect. 
D) To ensure that the results are generalizable.

Question 8

Psychologists use when they want to determine to what extent two variables,traits,or attributes are related to one another.

Accepted Answer

correlatio

Question 9

A research assistant is conducting an experiment designed to assess the verbal abilities of boys and girls.In preparing for the experiment,the assistant reads a research study that found higher verbal abilities in girls than in boys.This information about gender unknowingly led the assistant to communicate to the girls in the experiment that they should do better than the boys.What term best describes this phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

A) Placebo effect 
B) Expectancy effect 
C) Double-blind effect 
D) Between-subjects effect 
A) Placebo effect 
B) Expectancy effect 
C) Double-blind effect 
D) Between-subjects effect

Question 10

How are the rights of research participants best ensured?

Accepted Answer

A) special committees oversee every research proposal. 
B) researchers are bound by their honour to do ethical research. 
C) informed consent is obtained 
D) Institutional policies and procedures ensure ethical conduct 
A) special committees oversee every research proposal. 
B) researchers are bound by their honour to do ethical research. 
C) informed consent is obtained 
D) Institutional policies and procedures ensure ethical conduct

Question 11

A student has signed up to participate in a psychological research study.Is there any chance that the student will be deceived?

Accepted Answer

A) No,because the use of deception is illegal. 
B) No,because the code of ethics psychologists adhere to prohibits the use of deception. 
C) Yes,because much psychological research involves deception. 
D) Yes,because sometimes informing participants may bias the results. 
A) No,because the use of deception is illegal. 
B) No,because the code of ethics psychologists adhere to prohibits the use of deception. 
C) Yes,because much psychological research involves deception. 
D) Yes,because sometimes informing participants may bias the results.

Question 12

A researcher is testing if caffeine makes people more talkative.Some of the participants are given regular coffee to drink and some are given warm milk.The assistant then interviews the participants and counts the number of words each speaks during the interview.What seems to be missing from the design?

Accepted Answer

A) a hypothesis 
B) a placebo control 
C) a dependent variable 
D) an independent variable 
A) a hypothesis 
B) a placebo control 
C) a dependent variable 
D) an independent variable

Question 13

What is the most likely correlation between height and weight?

Accepted Answer

A) zero. 
B) positive. 
C) negative. 
D) unpredictable. 
A) zero. 
B) positive. 
C) negative. 
D) unpredictable.

Question 14

According to the text book,what percentage of patients who use a treatment with no genuine medical effects show a good or excellent outcome?

Accepted Answer

A) 10 
B) 30 
C) 50 
D) 70 
A) 10 
B) 30 
C) 50 
D) 70

Question 15

What happens after a psychologist has generated a hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

A) it becomes a theory. 
B) researchers are likely to accept it as valid. 
C) research is needed to verify the if-then link. 
D) researchers are likely to generate concurrent hypotheses. 
A) it becomes a theory. 
B) researchers are likely to accept it as valid. 
C) research is needed to verify the if-then link. 
D) researchers are likely to generate concurrent hypotheses.

Question 16

Which term best indicates that measures accurately reflect the variable or quality that they are intended to measure?

Accepted Answer

A) reliability 
B) validity 
C) internal consistency 
D) generalizability 
A) reliability 
B) validity 
C) internal consistency 
D) generalizability

Question 17

Which scenario illustrates the use of a within-subjects design?

Accepted Answer

A) The artistic abilities of males are compared to the artistic abilities of females. 
B) Children at three different age levels are given a test of their motor coordination. 
C) Participants are given a spelling test,asked to meditate for ten minutes,and then given another spelling test. 
D) One group of participants is given a compliment before solving problems and a second group is criticized before solving problems. 
A) The artistic abilities of males are compared to the artistic abilities of females. 
B) Children at three different age levels are given a test of their motor coordination. 
C) Participants are given a spelling test,asked to meditate for ten minutes,and then given another spelling test. 
D) One group of participants is given a compliment before solving problems and a second group is criticized before solving problems.

Question 18

A researcher theorizes that people are likely to perspire more when telling embarrassing stories than when telling funny stories.Volunteers are asked to record a memory of an embarrassing or a funny incident and their perspiration is measured.On some days,but not others,the lab where the recordings are done is very hot.Based on this information,what should be of most concern to the researcher?

Accepted Answer

A) placebo effects. 
B) experimenter expectancy effects. 
C) the presence of a confounding variable. 
D) determining an operational definition of embarrassment. 
A) placebo effects. 
B) experimenter expectancy effects. 
C) the presence of a confounding variable. 
D) determining an operational definition of embarrassment.

Question 19

The primary purpose of using correlational methods is to establish cause and effect relationships.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

When does a placebo effect occur?

Accepted Answer

A) When an experimenter finds what he or she expected to discover. 
B) When participants have not been randomly assigned to experimental and control conditions. 
C) When participants change their behaviour because of their belief that a treatment has had an effect. 
D) When both participants and experimental assistants are unaware of which participants get which treatment. 
A) When an experimenter finds what he or she expected to discover. 
B) When participants have not been randomly assigned to experimental and control conditions. 
C) When participants change their behaviour because of their belief that a treatment has had an effect. 
D) When both participants and experimental assistants are unaware of which participants get which treatment.

Exam 2: A: Research Methods in Psychology

Which statement about psychological theories is true?

To minimize observer biases,researchers typically use uniform,consistent procedures in all phases of data collection.This process is known as .

A researcher is using the observational technique to study the relationship between student classroom behaviour and academic performance.In this context,what is a good measure of a behavioural process?

A research assistant who is working in a psychologist's laboratory learns the importance of keeping complete records of observations and data analyses.What is the primary purpose of such procedures?

At the end of a research study,participants must be provided with as much information about the study as possible and any emotional or psychological problems must be addressed.Which term best captures this process?

Which scenario would be classified as a self-report measure?

What is the primary purpose of randomly assigning participants to experimental and control groups?

Psychologists use when they want to determine to what extent two variables,traits,or attributes are related to one another.

How are the rights of research participants best ensured?

A student has signed up to participate in a psychological research study.Is there any chance that the student will be deceived?

What is the most likely correlation between height and weight?

According to the text book,what percentage of patients who use a treatment with no genuine medical effects show a good or excellent outcome?

What happens after a psychologist has generated a hypothesis?

Which term best indicates that measures accurately reflect the variable or quality that they are intended to measure?

Which scenario illustrates the use of a within-subjects design?

The primary purpose of using correlational methods is to establish cause and effect relationships.

When does a placebo effect occur?

Psychology and Life

A: Psychology and Life

Research Methods in Psychology

The Biological Bases of Behaviour

A: Evolutionary Psychology

Sensation and Perception

A: the Biological Bases of Behaviour

Mind,consciousness,and Alternate States

A: Sensation and Perception

Learning and Bahaviour Analysis

A: Mind,consciousness,and Alternate States

Memory

A: Learning and Bahaviour Analysis

Cognitive Processes

A: Memory

Intelligence and Intelligence Assessment

A: Cognitive Processes

Human Development Across the Life Span

A: Intelligence and Intelligence Assessment

Motivation

A: Human Development Across the Life Span

Emotion,stress,and Health

A: Emotion,stress,and Health

Understanding Human Personality

A: Understanding Human Personality

Psychological Disorders

A: Psychological Disorders

Social Psychology

A: Social Psychology

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