Question 1

The most important input of the hippocampus is from

Accepted Answer

A)  the entorhinal cortex. 
B)  the hypothalamus. 
C)  various regions of the temporal cortex. 
D)  the cerebellum 
E)  the nucleus accumbens. 
A)  the entorhinal cortex. 
B)  the hypothalamus. 
C)  various regions of the temporal cortex. 
D)  the cerebellum 
E)  the nucleus accumbens.

Question 2

The caudate nucleus and the putamen form the ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The caudate nucleus and the putamen form...

Question 3

________ are action potentials that occur along the dendites of a pyramidal cell in the hippocampus.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________ are action potentials that occur along...

Question 4

The chemical ________ blocks NMDA receptors and the formation of LTP.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The chemical ________ blocks NMDA receptors and...

Question 5

The most profound symptom of Korsakoff's syndrome is

Accepted Answer

A)  impaired intelligence. 
B)  severe anterograde amnesia. 
C)  combative behavior. 
D)  delirium tremens. 
E)  auditory and visual hallucinations. 
A)  impaired intelligence. 
B)  severe anterograde amnesia. 
C)  combative behavior. 
D)  delirium tremens. 
E)  auditory and visual hallucinations.

Question 6

Long-lasting, long-term potentiation

Accepted Answer

A)  does not depend on protein synthesis. 
B)  involves synaptic changes that occur over a four-minute after stimulation. 
C)  requires protein synthesis. 
D)  involves changes in protein synthesis in the presynaptic terminal. 
E)  is not dependent on stimulation of the presynaptic element. 
A)  does not depend on protein synthesis. 
B)  involves synaptic changes that occur over a four-minute after stimulation. 
C)  requires protein synthesis. 
D)  involves changes in protein synthesis in the presynaptic terminal. 
E)  is not dependent on stimulation of the presynaptic element.

Question 7

You are listening to a song on the radio while doing your homework. The phone rings. Your mother has called to tell you that your favorite uncle has died after being hit by a car. Three months later, you again hear the same song and suddenly feel very sad. In this example, the unconditional response is

Accepted Answer

A)  the voice of your mother as she relays the bad news. 
B)  listening to the song. 
C)  your feeling about the song prior to the phone call. 
D)  your feeling about your uncle before he died. 
E)  feeling sad when your mother calls with the bad news. 
A)  the voice of your mother as she relays the bad news. 
B)  listening to the song. 
C)  your feeling about the song prior to the phone call. 
D)  your feeling about your uncle before he died. 
E)  feeling sad when your mother calls with the bad news.

Question 8

Which of the following is true of long-term depression (LTD)?

Accepted Answer

A)  LTD can be produced by high-frequency stimulation of CA1 neurons. 
B)  LTD reflects a gradual strengthening of synaptic connections. 
C)  LTD is associated with a decrease in the number of AMPA receptors in the postsynaptic neuron. 
D)  LTD is associated with an increase in the number of AMPA receptors in the postsynaptic neurons. 
E)  LTD is not an associative phenomenon. 
A)  LTD can be produced by high-frequency stimulation of CA1 neurons. 
B)  LTD reflects a gradual strengthening of synaptic connections. 
C)  LTD is associated with a decrease in the number of AMPA receptors in the postsynaptic neuron. 
D)  LTD is associated with an increase in the number of AMPA receptors in the postsynaptic neurons. 
E)  LTD is not an associative phenomenon.

Question 9

Which of the following is important for the acquisition of complex behaviors that become routine?

Accepted Answer

A)  As a person becomes proficient in the behavior, the control of the process is transferred to the basal ganglia. 
B)  As a person becomes proficient in the behavior, the control of the process is transferred to the transcortical pathways. 
C)  The behavior must result in long-term depression in the basal ganglia. 
D)  The behavior must result in long-term depression in the motor cortex. 
E)  As a person becomes proficient in the new behavior, the transcortical circuits become more active. 
A)  As a person becomes proficient in the behavior, the control of the process is transferred to the basal ganglia. 
B)  As a person becomes proficient in the behavior, the control of the process is transferred to the transcortical pathways. 
C)  The behavior must result in long-term depression in the basal ganglia. 
D)  The behavior must result in long-term depression in the motor cortex. 
E)  As a person becomes proficient in the new behavior, the transcortical circuits become more active.

Question 10

Reinforcing effects of electrical brain stimulation and of drugs such as amphetamine reflect an action on ________ projections of the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  leptin; mesocortical pathway 
B)  norepinephrine; nigrostriatal pathway 
C)  dopamine; nigrostriatal pathway 
D)  dopamine; mesolimbic pathway 
E)  GABA; mesocortical pathway 
A)  leptin; mesocortical pathway 
B)  norepinephrine; nigrostriatal pathway 
C)  dopamine; nigrostriatal pathway 
D)  dopamine; mesolimbic pathway 
E)  GABA; mesocortical pathway

Question 11

________ memory lasts on the order of seconds.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________ memory lasts on the order of...

Question 12

________ is the process by which immediate memories are transformed into long-term memories.

Accepted Answer

A)  Synaptogenesis 
B)  Confabulation 
C)  Consolidation 
D)  Potentiation 
E)  Hebbian reverberation 
A)  Synaptogenesis 
B)  Confabulation 
C)  Consolidation 
D)  Potentiation 
E)  Hebbian reverberation

Question 13

Simple perceptual learning involves

Accepted Answer

A)  changes in the outputs of the motor system. 
B)  the recognition of particular stimuli or categories of stimuli. 
C)  learning how to respond to a particular stimulus. 
D)  the capacity to associate sensory and motor stimuli. 
E)  the ability to associate a new stimulus with an old reflex. 
A)  changes in the outputs of the motor system. 
B)  the recognition of particular stimuli or categories of stimuli. 
C)  learning how to respond to a particular stimulus. 
D)  the capacity to associate sensory and motor stimuli. 
E)  the ability to associate a new stimulus with an old reflex.

Question 14

The major finding of the study by Standing (1973), in which subjects were shown 10,000 slides and then tested for recognition at various times thereafter, was that

Accepted Answer

A)  object recognition was rapidly forgotten within minutes. 
B)  subjects showed good recognition of the slides for 72 hours, after which recognition went to chance levels. 
C)  people were able to recognize most of the slides for a time interval of weeks. 
D)  subjects showed better recall when stressed just prior to the recognition test. 
E)  the results of this study call into question the accuracy of eyewitness testimony. 
A)  object recognition was rapidly forgotten within minutes. 
B)  subjects showed good recognition of the slides for 72 hours, after which recognition went to chance levels. 
C)  people were able to recognize most of the slides for a time interval of weeks. 
D)  subjects showed better recall when stressed just prior to the recognition test. 
E)  the results of this study call into question the accuracy of eyewitness testimony.

Question 15

An example of a task that measures perceptual learning would be

Accepted Answer

A)  tracing a figure viewed via a mirror. 
B)  recognizing broken drawings. 
C)  recalling childhood events that occurred prior to the age of 9 years. 
D)  recognizing songs learned in childhood prior to brain damage. 
E)  making a classically-conditioned eyeblink response. 
A)  tracing a figure viewed via a mirror. 
B)  recognizing broken drawings. 
C)  recalling childhood events that occurred prior to the age of 9 years. 
D)  recognizing songs learned in childhood prior to brain damage. 
E)  making a classically-conditioned eyeblink response.

Question 16

Amnesia for events that occur after some disturbance to the brain is called

Accepted Answer

A)  retrograde amnesia. 
B)  declarative amnesia. 
C)  Korsakoff's psychosis. 
D)  procedural amnesia. 
E)  anterograde amnesia. 
A)  retrograde amnesia. 
B)  declarative amnesia. 
C)  Korsakoff's psychosis. 
D)  procedural amnesia. 
E)  anterograde amnesia.

Question 17

Your ability to recognize a series of tones, such as the opening notes of "The Star Spangled Banner," is an instance of ________ that likely involves the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  intermodal learning; corpus callosum 
B)  perceptual learning; auditory association cortex 
C)  stimulus-response learning; frontal cortex 
D)  perceptual learning; visual association cortex 
E)  musical learning; left hemisphere 
A)  intermodal learning; corpus callosum 
B)  perceptual learning; auditory association cortex 
C)  stimulus-response learning; frontal cortex 
D)  perceptual learning; visual association cortex 
E)  musical learning; left hemisphere

Question 18

In a typical long-term potentiation (LTP) study, a stimulating electrode is inserted into the perforant path, while a recording electrode is inserted into the dentate gyrus. LTP is produced in this preparation by delivering a(n) ________ via the stimulating electrode.

Accepted Answer

A)  single high-intensity electrical pulse 
B)  single low-intensity electrical pulse 
C)  electrical pulse every minute for 2-3 hours 
D)  long-duration but low-intensity pulse 
E)  burst of 100 electrical pulses in a few seconds 
A)  single high-intensity electrical pulse 
B)  single low-intensity electrical pulse 
C)  electrical pulse every minute for 2-3 hours 
D)  long-duration but low-intensity pulse 
E)  burst of 100 electrical pulses in a few seconds

Question 19

The NMDA receptor is unusual in that it is ________-dependent and ________- dependent.

Accepted Answer

A)  Ca2+; Cl- 
B)  neurotransmitter; hormone 
C)  voltage; neurotransmitter 
D)  Na+; Mg2+ 
E)  ligand; ion 
A)  Ca2+; Cl- 
B)  neurotransmitter; hormone 
C)  voltage; neurotransmitter 
D)  Na+; Mg2+ 
E)  ligand; ion

Question 20

Studies by Schultz and colleagues suggest that release of dopamine within the nucleus accumbens

Accepted Answer

A)  does not occur for an expected reinforcing stimulus (fruit juice). 
B)  is automatically produced during stimulus delivery. 
C)  is greatest for drugs of abuse. 
D)  is greatest for natural reinforcers. 
E)  can occur when a stimulus is aversive. 
A)  does not occur for an expected reinforcing stimulus (fruit juice). 
B)  is automatically produced during stimulus delivery. 
C)  is greatest for drugs of abuse. 
D)  is greatest for natural reinforcers. 
E)  can occur when a stimulus is aversive.

The most important input of the hippocampus is from

The caudate nucleus and the putamen form the ________.

________ are action potentials that occur along the dendites of a pyramidal cell in the hippocampus.

The chemical ________ blocks NMDA receptors and the formation of LTP.

The most profound symptom of Korsakoff's syndrome is

Long-lasting, long-term potentiation

Which of the following is true of long-term depression (LTD)?

Which of the following is important for the acquisition of complex behaviors that become routine?

Reinforcing effects of electrical brain stimulation and of drugs such as amphetamine reflect an action on projections of the .

________ memory lasts on the order of seconds.

________ is the process by which immediate memories are transformed into long-term memories.

Simple perceptual learning involves

The major finding of the study by Standing (1973), in which subjects were shown 10,000 slides and then tested for recognition at various times thereafter, was that

An example of a task that measures perceptual learning would be

Amnesia for events that occur after some disturbance to the brain is called

Your ability to recognize a series of tones, such as the opening notes of "The Star Spangled Banner," is an instance of that likely involves the .

In a typical long-term potentiation (LTP) study, a stimulating electrode is inserted into the perforant path, while a recording electrode is inserted into the dentate gyrus. LTP is produced in this preparation by delivering a(n) ________ via the stimulating electrode.

The NMDA receptor is unusual in that it is -dependent and - dependent.

Studies by Schultz and colleagues suggest that release of dopamine within the nucleus accumbens

Introduction

Structure and Function of Cells of the Nervous System

Structure of the Nervous System

Psychopharmacology

Methods and Strategies of Research

Vision

Audition, the Body Senses, and the Chemical Senses

Control of Movement

Sleep and Biological Rhythms

Reproductive Behavior

Emotion

Ingestive Behavior

Human Communication

Neurological Disorders

Schizophrenia and the Affective Disorders

Anxiety Disorders, Autistic Disorder, Attention-Deficithyperactivity Disorder, and Stress Disorders

Drug Abuse

Filters

Exam 13: Learning and Memory

The most important input of the hippocampus is from

The caudate nucleus and the putamen form the ________.

________ are action potentials that occur along the dendites of a pyramidal cell in the hippocampus.

The chemical ________ blocks NMDA receptors and the formation of LTP.

The most profound symptom of Korsakoff's syndrome is

Long-lasting, long-term potentiation

Which of the following is true of long-term depression (LTD)?

Which of the following is important for the acquisition of complex behaviors that become routine?

Reinforcing effects of electrical brain stimulation and of drugs such as amphetamine reflect an action on ________ projections of the ________.

________ memory lasts on the order of seconds.

________ is the process by which immediate memories are transformed into long-term memories.

Simple perceptual learning involves

The major finding of the study by Standing (1973), in which subjects were shown 10,000 slides and then tested for recognition at various times thereafter, was that

An example of a task that measures perceptual learning would be

Amnesia for events that occur after some disturbance to the brain is called

Your ability to recognize a series of tones, such as the opening notes of "The Star Spangled Banner," is an instance of ________ that likely involves the ________.

In a typical long-term potentiation (LTP) study, a stimulating electrode is inserted into the perforant path, while a recording electrode is inserted into the dentate gyrus. LTP is produced in this preparation by delivering a(n) ________ via the stimulating electrode.

The NMDA receptor is unusual in that it is ________-dependent and ________- dependent.

Studies by Schultz and colleagues suggest that release of dopamine within the nucleus accumbens

Introduction

Structure and Function of Cells of the Nervous System

Structure of the Nervous System

Psychopharmacology

Methods and Strategies of Research

Vision

Audition, the Body Senses, and the Chemical Senses

Control of Movement

Sleep and Biological Rhythms

Reproductive Behavior

Emotion

Ingestive Behavior

Human Communication

Neurological Disorders

Schizophrenia and the Affective Disorders

Anxiety Disorders, Autistic Disorder, Attention-Deficithyperactivity Disorder, and Stress Disorders

Drug Abuse

Filters

Reinforcing effects of electrical brain stimulation and of drugs such as amphetamine reflect an action on projections of the .

Your ability to recognize a series of tones, such as the opening notes of "The Star Spangled Banner," is an instance of that likely involves the .

The NMDA receptor is unusual in that it is -dependent and - dependent.