Question 1

The steps used to solve long division and multiplication problems represent the use of _____ in problem solving.

Accepted Answer

A)  heuristics 
B)  mental set 
C)  algorithms 
D)  insight 
A)  heuristics 
B)  mental set 
C)  algorithms 
D)  insight

Question 2

Greg believes that female drivers make more careless mistakes on the road than do male drivers, so he watches female drivers more closely than male drivers. Greg's behavior BEST illustrates _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  the availability heuristic 
B)  fixation 
C)  confirmation bias 
D)  belief perseverance 
A)  the availability heuristic 
B)  fixation 
C)  confirmation bias 
D)  belief perseverance

Question 3

Dr. Huang knows that the base rate for a disease is 5 percent. Out of 1,000 people, this base rate indicates that _____ would have the disease. To test a patient, Dr. Huang will use a test that will correctly show that the disease is present in 80 percent of the people who actually have the disease. Thus, the _____ rate for the test is 80 percent.

Accepted Answer

A)  5; sensitivity 
B)  5; true negative 
C)  50; sensitivity 
D)  50; true negative 
A)  5; sensitivity 
B)  5; true negative 
C)  50; sensitivity 
D)  50; true negative

Question 4

A cross-cultural study of the intelligence test scores of Asian and American children suggests which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Scores for American children and Asian children are generally the same. 
B)  As they proceed in school, Asian children have increasingly higher scores than American children. 
C)  Before children start school, American children have higher scores than Asian children. 
D)  In early grades, Asian children have higher scores, but in high school American children have higher scores. 
A)  Scores for American children and Asian children are generally the same. 
B)  As they proceed in school, Asian children have increasingly higher scores than American children. 
C)  Before children start school, American children have higher scores than Asian children. 
D)  In early grades, Asian children have higher scores, but in high school American children have higher scores.

Question 5

Which statement about categorization is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Recognition involves putting people and objects into categories. 
B)  We judge categorical probabilities differently than we recognize patterns. 
C)  Pattern recognition is an example of an automatic process. 
D)  Our first impression of people is often based on categorical resemblance. 
A)  Recognition involves putting people and objects into categories. 
B)  We judge categorical probabilities differently than we recognize patterns. 
C)  Pattern recognition is an example of an automatic process. 
D)  Our first impression of people is often based on categorical resemblance.

Question 6

To locate a missing receipt that Dennis knows he put in a file, Dennis systematically goes through each of the folders he uses, starting with A and working his way toward Z. This search procedure MOST closely resembles which problem-solving strategy?

Accepted Answer

A)  an algorithm 
B)  a heuristic 
C)  anchoring and adjustment 
D)  mental set 
A)  an algorithm 
B)  a heuristic 
C)  anchoring and adjustment 
D)  mental set

Question 7

Which statement is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)  When using test-retest reliability, the same test is administered twice to the same sample, and the correlation coefficient for the two sets of scores is computed. 
B)  In split-half reliability, different forms of the test are administered to the same sample at different times, and a correlation coefficient for performance on the two forms is calculated. 
C)  In alternate-form reliability, performance on half of the test items is compared to performance on the other half of the items. 
D)  All the answers are correct. 
A)  When using test-retest reliability, the same test is administered twice to the same sample, and the correlation coefficient for the two sets of scores is computed. 
B)  In split-half reliability, different forms of the test are administered to the same sample at different times, and a correlation coefficient for performance on the two forms is calculated. 
C)  In alternate-form reliability, performance on half of the test items is compared to performance on the other half of the items. 
D)  All the answers are correct.

Question 8

A test that measures or predicts what it is supposed to is said to have a high degree of _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  validity 
B)  standardization 
C)  reliability 
D)  symmetry 
A)  validity 
B)  standardization 
C)  reliability 
D)  symmetry

Question 9

David judges the joint occurrence of two uncertain events as being more likely than the occurrence of either of the events alone. David is doing which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  using the representativeness heuristic 
B)  using the availability heuristic 
C)  committing the conjunction fallacy 
D)  displaying confirmation bias 
A)  using the representativeness heuristic 
B)  using the availability heuristic 
C)  committing the conjunction fallacy 
D)  displaying confirmation bias

Question 10

Because Tim is likely to notice when it rains after he washes his car, he believes there is a relationship between washing his car and the occurrence of rain. This perceived relationship BEST illustrates which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  confirmation bias 
B)  belief perseverance 
C)  an illusory correlation 
D)  person-who reasoning 
A)  confirmation bias 
B)  belief perseverance 
C)  an illusory correlation 
D)  person-who reasoning

Question 11

Stuart knew the key to his girlfriend's apartment was on her key ring, so he systematically tried each successive key until finding the one that unlocked her front door. This strategy illustrates problem solving by means of using _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  an algorithm 
B)  a mental set 
C)  the availability heuristic 
D)  the working backward heuristic 
A)  an algorithm 
B)  a mental set 
C)  the availability heuristic 
D)  the working backward heuristic

Question 12

Suppose you are given the following problem: "There are four cards showing E, J, 2, & 5. On one side of each card is a letter, and on the other side is a number. Consider this rule: "If a card has a vowel on one side, then it has an odd number on the other side." Select the card or cards that you definitely must turn over to determine whether the rule is true or false for the four cards indicated.

Accepted Answer

A)  the E card only 
B)  the E and 2 cards 
C)  the E and 5 cards 
D)  the J and 5 cards 
A)  the E card only 
B)  the E and 2 cards 
C)  the E and 5 cards 
D)  the J and 5 cards

Question 13

Because he heard news reports nightly concerning the terrorist attack on the World Trade Center in New York City, Kevin overestimated his risk of being a victim of a terrorist attack. Kevin's overestimate was likely influenced by _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  belief perseverance 
B)  illusory correlation 
C)  the availability heuristic 
D)  the representativeness heuristic 
A)  belief perseverance 
B)  illusory correlation 
C)  the availability heuristic 
D)  the representativeness heuristic

Question 14

The tendency to seek evidence that supports our hypotheses is known as _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  the availability heuristic 
B)  the confirmation bias 
C)  the representativeness heuristic 
D)  the verification bias 
A)  the availability heuristic 
B)  the confirmation bias 
C)  the representativeness heuristic 
D)  the verification bias

Question 15

Heritability estimates for intelligence range from _____ percent to _____ percent.

Accepted Answer

A)  40; 60 
B)  30; 50 
C)  50; 60 
D)  50; 70 
A)  40; 60 
B)  30; 50 
C)  50; 60 
D)  50; 70

Question 16

A well-defined problem has clear specifications of the _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  start state (where you are) 
B)  goal state (where you want to be) 
C)  processes for reaching the goal state (how to get there) 
D)  All the answers are correct. 
A)  start state (where you are) 
B)  goal state (where you want to be) 
C)  processes for reaching the goal state (how to get there) 
D)  All the answers are correct.

Question 17

The average correlation between fraternal twins raised together is _____ than that for identical twins reared apart, indicating the influence of _____ factors.

Accepted Answer

A)  greater; hereditary 
B)  greater; environmental 
C)  less; hereditary 
D)  less; environmental 
A)  greater; hereditary 
B)  greater; environmental 
C)  less; hereditary 
D)  less; environmental

Question 18

When Melinda dropped her watch behind a bookcase that was too heavy for her to move, she failed to realize that she could use a coat hanger to reach behind the bookcase and get the watch. Melinda's failure to consider using a coat hanger BEST illustrates _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  mental set 
B)  anchoring and adjustment 
C)  functional fixedness 
D)  belief perseverance 
A)  mental set 
B)  anchoring and adjustment 
C)  functional fixedness 
D)  belief perseverance

Question 19

With respect to the "Linda" problem in the textbook, people judge that it is more likely that Linda is a bank teller and active in the feminist movement because they _____ and misuse the _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  use the conjunction rule; representativeness heuristic 
B)  commit the conjunction fallacy; availability heuristic 
C)  use the conjunction rule; availability heuristic 
D)  commit the conjunction fallacy; representativeness heuristic 
A)  use the conjunction rule; representativeness heuristic 
B)  commit the conjunction fallacy; availability heuristic 
C)  use the conjunction rule; availability heuristic 
D)  commit the conjunction fallacy; representativeness heuristic

Question 20

The intelligence theorist responsible for the eugenics movement was _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  Galton 
B)  Wechsler 
C)  Binet 
D)  Terman 
A)  Galton 
B)  Wechsler 
C)  Binet 
D)  Terman

Exam 6: Section 2: Thinking and Intelligence

The steps used to solve long division and multiplication problems represent the use of _____ in problem solving.

Greg believes that female drivers make more careless mistakes on the road than do male drivers, so he watches female drivers more closely than male drivers. Greg's behavior BEST illustrates _____.

A cross-cultural study of the intelligence test scores of Asian and American children suggests which of the following?

Which statement about categorization is FALSE?

To locate a missing receipt that Dennis knows he put in a file, Dennis systematically goes through each of the folders he uses, starting with A and working his way toward Z. This search procedure MOST closely resembles which problem-solving strategy?

Which statement is TRUE?

A test that measures or predicts what it is supposed to is said to have a high degree of _____.

David judges the joint occurrence of two uncertain events as being more likely than the occurrence of either of the events alone. David is doing which of the following?

Because Tim is likely to notice when it rains after he washes his car, he believes there is a relationship between washing his car and the occurrence of rain. This perceived relationship BEST illustrates which of the following?

Stuart knew the key to his girlfriend's apartment was on her key ring, so he systematically tried each successive key until finding the one that unlocked her front door. This strategy illustrates problem solving by means of using _____.

Because he heard news reports nightly concerning the terrorist attack on the World Trade Center in New York City, Kevin overestimated his risk of being a victim of a terrorist attack. Kevin's overestimate was likely influenced by _____.

The tendency to seek evidence that supports our hypotheses is known as _____.

Heritability estimates for intelligence range from _____ percent to _____ percent.

A well-defined problem has clear specifications of the _____.

The average correlation between fraternal twins raised together is _____ than that for identical twins reared apart, indicating the influence of _____ factors.

When Melinda dropped her watch behind a bookcase that was too heavy for her to move, she failed to realize that she could use a coat hanger to reach behind the bookcase and get the watch. Melinda's failure to consider using a coat hanger BEST illustrates _____.

With respect to the "Linda" problem in the textbook, people judge that it is more likely that Linda is a bank teller and active in the feminist movement because they _____ and misuse the _____.

The intelligence theorist responsible for the eugenics movement was _____.

Section 1: The Science of Psychology

Section 2: The Science of Psychology

Section 3: The Science of Psychology

Section 4: The Science of Psychology

Section 1: Neuroscience

Section 2: Neuroscience

Section 3: Neuroscience

Section 4: Neuroscience

Section 1: Sensation and Perception

Section 2: Sensation and Perception

Section 3: Sensation and Perception

Section 4: Sensation and Perception

Section 1: Learning

Section 2: Learning

Section 3: Learning

Section 4: Learning

Section 1:memory

Section 2:memory

Section 3:memory

Section 4:memory

Section 1: Thinking and Intelligence

Section 3: Thinking and Intelligence

Section 4: Thinking and Intelligence

Section 1: Developmental Psychology

Section 2: Developmental Psychology

Section 3: Developmental Psychology

Section 4: Developmental Psychology

Section 1: Personality Theories and Assessment

Section 2: Personality Theories and Assessment

Section 3: Personality Theories and Assessment

Section 4: Personality Theories and Assessment

Section 1: Social Psychology

Section 2: Social Psychology

Section 3: Social Psychology

Section 4: Social Psychology

Section 1: Abnormal Psychology

Section 2: Abnormal Psychology

Section 3: Abnormal Psychology

Section 4: Abnormal Psychology

Filters

Heritability estimates for intelligence range from _ percent to _ percent.

The average correlation between fraternal twins raised together is _ than that for identical twins reared apart, indicating the influence of _ factors.

With respect to the "Linda" problem in the textbook, people judge that it is more likely that Linda is a bank teller and active in the feminist movement because they _ and misuse the _.