Exam 4: Section 2: Learning

As generalization test stimuli become less similar to the conditioned stimulus (CS), the strength of the conditioned response (CR) _____.

Operant conditioning is typically MOST effective when the consequences are _____.

In trace conditioning the _____.

According to principles of operant conditioning, a _____ stimulus must be present for an operant response to be reinforced.

If Pavlov presented the tone, waited a few moments, and then presented the meat powder, he would have been using _____.

"Instinctual drift" is the answer to which question?

The strength of the CR (conditioned response) _____ during acquisition and _____ during spontaneous recovery.

Pavlov accidentally discovered classical conditioning while studying _____.

The Brelands' inability to successfully use operant conditioning to train pigs and raccoons to maintain their ability to pick up oversized coins is BEST explained by _____.

In a cumulative record of responses, an increasing steep slope could indicate _____ and a decreasing slope could indicate _____.

Which of the following experimental studies described in your textbook provided evidence of the limiting effects of biological predispositions on learning?

In _____ conditioning, a _____ stimulus elicits an automatic response.

Piecework in a factory is rewarded on a _____ schedule of reinforcement; fishing is rewarded on a _____ schedule of reinforcement.

In the supermarket checkout line, if John is crying, his mother gives him candy to calm him down. However, if John is sitting quietly in the cart, his mother does not give him candy. John really likes candy, so it is likely that he will repeat his crying behavior, as suggested by _____.

Amy enjoys working as a physician because it provides her with a salary that allows her a very upscale lifestyle. Chip enjoys working as a clinical psychologist because he derives pleasure from engaging in the therapeutic process. According to the textbook, Amy's motivation for working is MOST likely _____, and Chip's motivation for working is MOST likely _____.

Which of the following would MOST likely reflect stimulus generalization of a 1,400 Hz tone?

Carla dislikes washing dishes. When Carla shows her mother an excellent report card, her mother tells Carla that she does not have to do the dishes for a week. In this example, not doing the dishes is being associated with which process?

Compared to fixed schedules of partial reinforcement, variable schedules lead to _____ periods with no responding and are _____ resistant to extinction.

Sharon extinguished her dog's response of salivating every time the electric can opener was used. However, she noticed that after the can opener had not been used for several days, the dog salivated at the sound of the can opener. This situation represents the phenomenon of _____.

When using negative reinforcement, an _____ stimulus is _____ to _____ a behavior.