Question 1

A research finding that is reported as being "statistically significant" would NOT be able to claim which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  The research result probably did not occur by chance. 
B)  The manipulation of the independent variable influenced the dependent variable. 
C)  The manipulation of the independent variable caused a change in the dependent variable. 
D)  The research finding has practical significance. 
A)  The research result probably did not occur by chance. 
B)  The manipulation of the independent variable influenced the dependent variable. 
C)  The manipulation of the independent variable caused a change in the dependent variable. 
D)  The research finding has practical significance. D

Question 2

Which investigation of violent behavior would MOST likely be conducted by a cognitive psychologist?

Accepted Answer

A)  exploring how exposure to TV violence influences children to model violent acts 
B)  examining how aggressive children process information about acts of violence differently than nonaggressive children 
C)  comparing different areas of the brain for increased activity levels during exposure to violent TV shows 
D)  examining how cultures differ in their penalties for violent acts 
A)  exploring how exposure to TV violence influences children to model violent acts 
B)  examining how aggressive children process information about acts of violence differently than nonaggressive children 
C)  comparing different areas of the brain for increased activity levels during exposure to violent TV shows 
D)  examining how cultures differ in their penalties for violent acts B

Question 3

Looking at the _____ in a scatterplot indicates the strength of the relationship between two variables and looking at the _____ indicates what type of correlation exists.

Accepted Answer

A)  X-axis; Y-axis 
B)  Y-axis; X-axis 
C)  scatter; direction of data points 
D)  direction of data points; scatter 
A)  X-axis; Y-axis 
B)  Y-axis; X-axis 
C)  scatter; direction of data points 
D)  direction of data points; scatter C

Question 4

If the points on a scatterplot are spread all over the graph, this would suggest that the two variables depicted are _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  normally distributed 
B)  positively correlated 
C)  negatively correlated 
D)  not correlated 
A)  normally distributed 
B)  positively correlated 
C)  negatively correlated 
D)  not correlated

Question 5

If students are interested in how many students received As, Bs, Cs, Ds, and Fs on their last exam, they should request that their professor provide information on the _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  range of scores 
B)  frequency distribution 
C)  mean and median 
D)  mean and standard deviation 
A)  range of scores 
B)  frequency distribution 
C)  mean and median 
D)  mean and standard deviation

Question 6

Which perspective can explain how children acquire language?

Accepted Answer

A)  behavioral 
B)  biological 
C)  sociocultural 
D)  All the answers are correct. 
A)  behavioral 
B)  biological 
C)  sociocultural 
D)  All the answers are correct.

Question 7

A researcher reports that the results of a study are statistically significant. This would mean that the probability that the results are due to random variation would be _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  greater than 50 percent 
B)  less than 50 percent 
C)  greater than 5 percent 
D)  less than 5 percent 
A)  greater than 50 percent 
B)  less than 50 percent 
C)  greater than 5 percent 
D)  less than 5 percent

Question 8

Why are operational definitions important?

Accepted Answer

A)  They clarify how researchers define independent variables. 
B)  They clarify how researchers measure dependent variables. 
C)  They permit other researchers to attempt to replicate an experiment. 
D)  All the answers are correct. 
A)  They clarify how researchers define independent variables. 
B)  They clarify how researchers measure dependent variables. 
C)  They permit other researchers to attempt to replicate an experiment. 
D)  All the answers are correct.

Question 9

To investigate the effect of multitasking on test scores, Jenny conducted an appropriately controlled experimental study. Her inferential statistical analysis revealed that participants who multitasked while studying had significantly lower test scores than those who were not multitasking. She says, "Fantastic! I've just proved that multitasking while studying causes lower test scores." In response, her friend Ziva, who is knowledgeable about inferential statistics, is MOST likely to answer _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  Your results clearly are practically important because there is a significant difference. 
B)  With a significant difference, there is no need to replicate the study. 
C)  You have not proved anything; inferential statistics involve probability, not certainty. 
D)  Both (b) and (c) are most likely responses to Samantha's comment. 
A)  Your results clearly are practically important because there is a significant difference. 
B)  With a significant difference, there is no need to replicate the study. 
C)  You have not proved anything; inferential statistics involve probability, not certainty. 
D)  Both (b) and (c) are most likely responses to Samantha's comment.

Question 10

Researchers use _____ techniques to determine cause-effect relationships and _____ techniques to predict events.

Accepted Answer

A)  survey; correlational 
B)  correlational; survey 
C)  experimental; correlational 
D)  correlational; experimental 
A)  survey; correlational 
B)  correlational; survey 
C)  experimental; correlational 
D)  correlational; experimental

Question 11

A research technique commonly used to study the effects of brain injury on various behaviors is _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  the case study 
B)  naturalistic observation 
C)  participant observation 
D)  a correlational study 
A)  the case study 
B)  naturalistic observation 
C)  participant observation 
D)  a correlational study

Question 12

To determine the effect of music on memorization, Dr. Majowski asks participants to study a list of words for two minutes. All participants study the same list of words, but half study in silence and half study while listening to music. After studying the words, all participants are asked to complete the same set of mathematical problems for one minute and then are asked to recall the words. Dr. Majowski measures the percentage of words correctly recalled. What is the dependent variable in this study?

Accepted Answer

A)  study condition (music or silence) 
B)  percentage of words correctly recalled 
C)  time spent studying words 
D)  mathematical problems 
A)  study condition (music or silence) 
B)  percentage of words correctly recalled 
C)  time spent studying words 
D)  mathematical problems

Question 13

When there is a _____ relationship, as values of variable X (e.g., income) increase, values of variable Y (e.g., education level) also increase.

Accepted Answer

A)  positive 
B)  negative 
C)  curvilinear 
D)  zero 
A)  positive 
B)  negative 
C)  curvilinear 
D)  zero

Question 14

If a marketing researcher is trying to determine whether or not individuals living in Boston prefer domestic or imported beer, which technique would MOST likely yield a random sample?

Accepted Answer

A)  randomly surveying individuals who are drinking beer in Boston bars 
B)  randomly surveying individuals who are purchasing beer in Boston liquor stores 
C)  mailing surveys to Boston residents over the age of 20 who were randomly selected from voter registration data 
D)  mailing surveys to Boston residents over the age of 20 who were randomly selected from birth certificate data 
A)  randomly surveying individuals who are drinking beer in Boston bars 
B)  randomly surveying individuals who are purchasing beer in Boston liquor stores 
C)  mailing surveys to Boston residents over the age of 20 who were randomly selected from voter registration data 
D)  mailing surveys to Boston residents over the age of 20 who were randomly selected from birth certificate data

Question 15

Suppose you have a normal distribution of test scores with a mean of 50 and a standard deviation of 5. What percentage of scores falls between 40 and 60?

Accepted Answer

A)  20 percent 
B)  50 percent 
C)  68 percent 
D)  95 percent 
A)  20 percent 
B)  50 percent 
C)  68 percent 
D)  95 percent

Question 16

We would expect the correlation between years of smoking and incidence of lung cancer to be _____ whereas we would expect the correlation between mountain elevation and temperature to be _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  curvilinear; negative 
B)  positive; negative 
C)  negative; positive 
D)  positive; curvilinear 
A)  curvilinear; negative 
B)  positive; negative 
C)  negative; positive 
D)  positive; curvilinear

Question 17

What is the mode of the following set of scores: 3, 6, 0, 7, 2, 2, 8?

Accepted Answer

A)  2 
B)  3 
C)  4 
D)  7 
A)  2 
B)  3 
C)  4 
D)  7

Question 18

Dr. Vance is concerned that telling his patient about the potential negative side effects of a medication will actually heighten the probability that the patient will experience the side effects. Thus, Dr. Vance is confronted by an ethical dilemma, based on his awareness of the _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  hindsight bias 
B)  third-variable problem 
C)  bystander effect 
D)  nocebo effect 
A)  hindsight bias 
B)  third-variable problem 
C)  bystander effect 
D)  nocebo effect

Question 19

Which perspective explains behavior by focusing on external causal factors?

Accepted Answer

A)  behavioral and cognitive 
B)  biological and sociocultural 
C)  sociocultural and behavioral 
D)  cognitive and biological 
A)  behavioral and cognitive 
B)  biological and sociocultural 
C)  sociocultural and behavioral 
D)  cognitive and biological

Question 20

To develop hypotheses about why people commit sex-related crimes, Dr. Green conducted an in-depth investigation of an individual convicted of indecent exposure. Dr. Green's investigation illustrated which methodology?

Accepted Answer

A)  case study 
B)  correlational study 
C)  participant observation 
D)  naturalistic observation 
A)  case study 
B)  correlational study 
C)  participant observation 
D)  naturalistic observation

Exam 1: Section 2: The Science of Psychology

A research finding that is reported as being "statistically significant" would NOT be able to claim which of the following?

Which investigation of violent behavior would MOST likely be conducted by a cognitive psychologist?

Looking at the _____ in a scatterplot indicates the strength of the relationship between two variables and looking at the _____ indicates what type of correlation exists.

If the points on a scatterplot are spread all over the graph, this would suggest that the two variables depicted are _____.

If students are interested in how many students received As, Bs, Cs, Ds, and Fs on their last exam, they should request that their professor provide information on the _____.

Which perspective can explain how children acquire language?

A researcher reports that the results of a study are statistically significant. This would mean that the probability that the results are due to random variation would be _____.

Why are operational definitions important?

Researchers use _____ techniques to determine cause-effect relationships and _____ techniques to predict events.

A research technique commonly used to study the effects of brain injury on various behaviors is _____.

When there is a _____ relationship, as values of variable X (e.g., income) increase, values of variable Y (e.g., education level) also increase.

If a marketing researcher is trying to determine whether or not individuals living in Boston prefer domestic or imported beer, which technique would MOST likely yield a random sample?

Suppose you have a normal distribution of test scores with a mean of 50 and a standard deviation of 5. What percentage of scores falls between 40 and 60?

We would expect the correlation between years of smoking and incidence of lung cancer to be _____ whereas we would expect the correlation between mountain elevation and temperature to be _____.

What is the mode of the following set of scores: 3, 6, 0, 7, 2, 2, 8?

Dr. Vance is concerned that telling his patient about the potential negative side effects of a medication will actually heighten the probability that the patient will experience the side effects. Thus, Dr. Vance is confronted by an ethical dilemma, based on his awareness of the _____.

Which perspective explains behavior by focusing on external causal factors?

To develop hypotheses about why people commit sex-related crimes, Dr. Green conducted an in-depth investigation of an individual convicted of indecent exposure. Dr. Green's investigation illustrated which methodology?

Section 1: The Science of Psychology

Section 3: The Science of Psychology

Section 4: The Science of Psychology

Section 1: Neuroscience

Section 2: Neuroscience

Section 3: Neuroscience

Section 4: Neuroscience

Section 1: Sensation and Perception

Section 2: Sensation and Perception

Section 3: Sensation and Perception

Section 4: Sensation and Perception

Section 1: Learning

Section 2: Learning

Section 3: Learning

Section 4: Learning

Section 1:memory

Section 2:memory

Section 3:memory

Section 4:memory

Section 1: Thinking and Intelligence

Section 2: Thinking and Intelligence

Section 3: Thinking and Intelligence

Section 4: Thinking and Intelligence

Section 1: Developmental Psychology

Section 2: Developmental Psychology

Section 3: Developmental Psychology

Section 4: Developmental Psychology

Section 1: Personality Theories and Assessment

Section 2: Personality Theories and Assessment

Section 3: Personality Theories and Assessment

Section 4: Personality Theories and Assessment

Section 1: Social Psychology

Section 2: Social Psychology

Section 3: Social Psychology

Section 4: Social Psychology

Section 1: Abnormal Psychology

Section 2: Abnormal Psychology

Section 3: Abnormal Psychology

Section 4: Abnormal Psychology

Filters

Looking at the _ in a scatterplot indicates the strength of the relationship between two variables and looking at the _ indicates what type of correlation exists.

Researchers use _ techniques to determine cause-effect relationships and _ techniques to predict events.

We would expect the correlation between years of smoking and incidence of lung cancer to be _ whereas we would expect the correlation between mountain elevation and temperature to be _.