Question 1

The chi-square test is based on:

Accepted Answer

A)  a comparison of the independent and the dependent variables 
B)  a comparison of the observed and expected frequencies 
C)  the concept of a linear relationship 
D)  the null hypothesis 
A)  a comparison of the independent and the dependent variables 
B)  a comparison of the observed and expected frequencies 
C)  the concept of a linear relationship 
D)  the null hypothesis B

Question 2

To accept the null hypothesis when using a between-subjects t-test, which of the following conditions must satisfied:

Accepted Answer

A)  having too little variance within the group 
B)  having too little between group variation compared to within group variation 
C)  having too little variation within the 5% zone of rejection 
D)  having no variation within the 5% zone of rejection 
A)  having too little variance within the group 
B)  having too little between group variation compared to within group variation 
C)  having too little variation within the 5% zone of rejection 
D)  having no variation within the 5% zone of rejection B

Question 3

A test of significance reports the probability that:

Accepted Answer

A)  the observed differences are a result of the real world 
B)  the observed differences are a result of sampling fluctuations 
C)  the observed differences are important 
D)  the observed differences are false 
A)  the observed differences are a result of the real world 
B)  the observed differences are a result of sampling fluctuations 
C)  the observed differences are important 
D)  the observed differences are false B

Question 4

When tests of significance are needed for more complex experimental designs, which of the following statistical instruments is used:

Accepted Answer

A)  standard deviation 
B)  t-test 
C)  chi-square 
D)  analysis of variance 
A)  standard deviation 
B)  t-test 
C)  chi-square 
D)  analysis of variance

Question 5

The distribution associated with the analysis of variance is:

Accepted Answer

A)  the normal distribution 
B)  bi-modal distribution 
C)  platykurtic distribution 
D)  F distribution 
A)  the normal distribution 
B)  bi-modal distribution 
C)  platykurtic distribution 
D)  F distribution

Question 6

A t-test is used when:

Accepted Answer

A)  the dependent variable is of the ratio level 
B)  only when sample sizes are large (over 30) 
C)  group assignment has been done on a non-random basis 
D)  the treatment variable has only one level 
A)  the dependent variable is of the ratio level 
B)  only when sample sizes are large (over 30) 
C)  group assignment has been done on a non-random basis 
D)  the treatment variable has only one level

Question 7

If no prediction concerning the direction of the relationship is made, then:

Accepted Answer

A)  a one-tailed test is being conducted 
B)  a two-tailed test is being conducted 
C)  the test is not valid or scientific 
D)  a theory is not being tested 
A)  a one-tailed test is being conducted 
B)  a two-tailed test is being conducted 
C)  the test is not valid or scientific 
D)  a theory is not being tested

Question 8

The ANOVA test of the F distribution may be expressed as:

Accepted Answer

A)  F = $\frac{\text{random error} + \text{possible treatment effects}} {\text{random error}}$ 
B)  F = $\frac{\text{possible treatment effects } + \text{systematic error }} {\text{systematic error}}$ 
C)  F = $\sum \frac{(\xi) \times(\text{Ψ})}{r^{2}}$ 
D)  F = Ax + By + c 
A)  F = $\frac{\text{random error} + \text{possible treatment effects}} {\text{random error}}$ 
B)  F = $\frac{\text{possible treatment effects } + \text{systematic error }} {\text{systematic error}}$ 
C)  F = $\sum \frac{(\xi) \times(\text{Ψ})}{r^{2}}$ 
D)  F = Ax + By + c

Question 9

ANOVA is used when:

Accepted Answer

A)  the research design employs multiple dependent variables 
B)  the independent variable has multiple treatment levels 
C)  the dependent variable is of the nominal level of measurement 
D)  all of the above 
A)  the research design employs multiple dependent variables 
B)  the independent variable has multiple treatment levels 
C)  the dependent variable is of the nominal level of measurement 
D)  all of the above

Question 10

The chi-square, represented by x2, is expressed by which of the following:

Accepted Answer

A)  $X^{2}=\sum \frac{\left(f_{0}-f_{e}\right)^{2}}{f_{0}}$ 
B)  $X^{2}=\sum \frac{\left(f_{0}-f_{e}\right)}{f_{e}}$ 
C)  $X^{2}=\sum \frac{\left(f_{0}-f_{e}\right)^{2}}{f_{e}}$ 
D)  $X^{2}=\sum \frac{\left(f_{0}-f_{e}\right)}{f_{0}}$ 
A)  $X^{2}=\sum \frac{\left(f_{0}-f_{e}\right)^{2}}{f_{0}}$ 
B)  $X^{2}=\sum \frac{\left(f_{0}-f_{e}\right)}{f_{e}}$ 
C)  $X^{2}=\sum \frac{\left(f_{0}-f_{e}\right)^{2}}{f_{e}}$ 
D)  $X^{2}=\sum \frac{\left(f_{0}-f_{e}\right)}{f_{0}}$

Question 11

When conducting a two-tailed test, the rejection area is:

Accepted Answer

A)  two 5% zones 
B)  two 2.5% zones 
C)  one 2.5% zone 
D)  one 5% zone 
A)  two 5% zones 
B)  two 2.5% zones 
C)  one 2.5% zone 
D)  one 5% zone

Question 12

The null hypothesis states that:

Accepted Answer

A)  there will be no relationship between the 2 variables 
B)  there will be a significant relationship between the 2 variables 
C)  there will be a spurious relationship between the 2 variables 
D)  there will be a confounding variable involved in the relationship 
A)  there will be no relationship between the 2 variables 
B)  there will be a significant relationship between the 2 variables 
C)  there will be a spurious relationship between the 2 variables 
D)  there will be a confounding variable involved in the relationship

Question 13

To calculate the degrees of freedom, one must employ which of the following:

Accepted Answer

A)  $ \frac{(\# \text { of rows } - \# \text {of columns  })}{2} $ 
B)  (# of rows - 1) x (# of columns - 1) 
C)  $ \frac{(\# \text { of rows }-1)}{(\# \text { of columns }-1)} $ 
D)  -$ \frac{(\# \text { of rows }-1)}{(\# \text { of columns }-1)^{2}} $ 
A)  $ \frac{(\# \text { of rows } - \# \text {of columns  })}{2} $ 
B)  (# of rows - 1) x (# of columns - 1) 
C)  $ \frac{(\# \text { of rows }-1)}{(\# \text { of columns }-1)} $ 
D)  -$ \frac{(\# \text { of rows }-1)}{(\# \text { of columns }-1)^{2}} $

Question 14

The t-test may be expressed as:

Accepted Answer

A)  $\frac{\text{difference between means}} {\text{standard deviation}}$ 
B)  $\frac{\text{standard error of difference}} {\text{difference between means}}$ 
C)  $\frac{\text{difference between means }} {\text{standard error of the difference }}$ 
D)  $\frac{\text{standard error of the difference}} {\text{standard deviation}}$ 
A)  $\frac{\text{difference between means}} {\text{standard deviation}}$ 
B)  $\frac{\text{standard error of difference}} {\text{difference between means}}$ 
C)  $\frac{\text{difference between means }} {\text{standard error of the difference }}$ 
D)  $\frac{\text{standard error of the difference}} {\text{standard deviation}}$

Question 15

Which of the following represents an instance where tests of significance are not appropriate:

Accepted Answer

A)  when a total population is being studied 
B)  when non-probabilistic sampling has been employed 
C)  where there is a substantial non-participation rate in the study 
D)  all of the above 
E)  none of the above 
A)  when a total population is being studied 
B)  when non-probabilistic sampling has been employed 
C)  where there is a substantial non-participation rate in the study 
D)  all of the above 
E)  none of the above

Question 16

When executing control analyses, a test of significance after the original relationship has been tested is:

Accepted Answer

A)  vital 
B)  relevant if the relationship is spurious 
C)  of limited use only 
D)  inappropriate 
A)  vital 
B)  relevant if the relationship is spurious 
C)  of limited use only 
D)  inappropriate

Question 17

Analysis of variance is typically used when:

Accepted Answer

A)  the dependent variable is of the ratio level 
B)  the treatment variable has 2 or more levels 
C)  the researcher wants to determine if there are statistically significant differences between the groups 
D)  all of the above 
A)  the dependent variable is of the ratio level 
B)  the treatment variable has 2 or more levels 
C)  the researcher wants to determine if there are statistically significant differences between the groups 
D)  all of the above

Question 18

If the probability of an observed difference being a result of sampling error is less than 5%, then:

Accepted Answer

A)  the null hypothesis is usually accepted 
B)  the null hypothesis is usually rejected 
C)  the null hypothesis is always rejected 
D)  the null hypothesis is always accepted 
A)  the null hypothesis is usually accepted 
B)  the null hypothesis is usually rejected 
C)  the null hypothesis is always rejected 
D)  the null hypothesis is always accepted

Question 19

In conducting a test of significance, the researcher is determining whether the results of one sample fall outside the null hypothesis zone, which usually is:

Accepted Answer

A)  within the 95% zone 
B)  outside of the 5% zone 
C)  within the 68% zone 
D)  outside of the 95% zone 
A)  within the 95% zone 
B)  outside of the 5% zone 
C)  within the 68% zone 
D)  outside of the 95% zone

Question 20

Normally, within a chi-square test, the dependent variable is:

Accepted Answer

A)  ratio 
B)  ordinal 
C)  interval 
D)  nominal 
A)  ratio 
B)  ordinal 
C)  interval 
D)  nominal

The chi-square test is based on:

To accept the null hypothesis when using a between-subjects t-test, which of the following conditions must satisfied:

A test of significance reports the probability that:

When tests of significance are needed for more complex experimental designs, which of the following statistical instruments is used:

The distribution associated with the analysis of variance is:

A t-test is used when:

If no prediction concerning the direction of the relationship is made, then:

The ANOVA test of the F distribution may be expressed as:

ANOVA is used when:

The chi-square, represented by x², is expressed by which of the following:

When conducting a two-tailed test, the rejection area is:

The null hypothesis states that:

To calculate the degrees of freedom, one must employ which of the following:

The t-test may be expressed as:

Which of the following represents an instance where tests of significance are not appropriate:

When executing control analyses, a test of significance after the original relationship has been tested is:

Analysis of variance is typically used when:

If the probability of an observed difference being a result of sampling error is less than 5%, then:

In conducting a test of significance, the researcher is determining whether the results of one sample fall outside the null hypothesis zone, which usually is:

Normally, within a chi-square test, the dependent variable is:

Approaches to Methods

Explaining

Experiments, Quasi-Experiments, and Field Observations

Survey Designs

Nonreactive and Comparative Research

Qualitative Research Methods

Critical Approaches to Research: Action and Feminist Research

A Statistics Primer

Bias

Ethical Issues

Getting the Project Started

Measurement

Questionnaire Development

Sampling and Sample Size

Starting the Data Analysis

Basic Multivarate Techniques

The Research Report

Using Spss for Windows

Filters

Exam 9: Three Tests of Significance

The chi-square test is based on:

To accept the null hypothesis when using a between-subjects t-test, which of the following conditions must satisfied:

A test of significance reports the probability that:

When tests of significance are needed for more complex experimental designs, which of the following statistical instruments is used:

The distribution associated with the analysis of variance is:

A t-test is used when:

If no prediction concerning the direction of the relationship is made, then:

The ANOVA test of the F distribution may be expressed as:

ANOVA is used when:

The chi-square, represented by x2, is expressed by which of the following:

When conducting a two-tailed test, the rejection area is:

The null hypothesis states that:

To calculate the degrees of freedom, one must employ which of the following:

The t-test may be expressed as:

Which of the following represents an instance where tests of significance are not appropriate:

When executing control analyses, a test of significance after the original relationship has been tested is:

Analysis of variance is typically used when:

If the probability of an observed difference being a result of sampling error is less than 5%, then:

In conducting a test of significance, the researcher is determining whether the results of one sample fall outside the null hypothesis zone, which usually is:

Normally, within a chi-square test, the dependent variable is:

Approaches to Methods

Explaining

Experiments, Quasi-Experiments, and Field Observations

Survey Designs

Nonreactive and Comparative Research

Qualitative Research Methods

Critical Approaches to Research: Action and Feminist Research

A Statistics Primer

Bias

Ethical Issues

Getting the Project Started

Measurement

Questionnaire Development

Sampling and Sample Size

Starting the Data Analysis

Basic Multivarate Techniques

The Research Report

Using Spss for Windows

Filters

The chi-square, represented by x², is expressed by which of the following: