Question 1

Which memory strategy is a preschooler most likely to use?

Accepted Answer

A)  rehearsing information over and over 
B)  outlining information they are supposed to remember 
C)  summarizing information they are told to remember 
D)  looking at or touching a to-be-remembered object 
A)  rehearsing information over and over 
B)  outlining information they are supposed to remember 
C)  summarizing information they are told to remember 
D)  looking at or touching a to-be-remembered object

Question 2

Which of the following is a factor that contributes to improved reading comprehension with age?

Accepted Answer

A)  Children's knowledge of their world increases, so they understand more of what they read. 
B)  Working memory capacity decreases, which makes identifying propositions more difficult. 
C)  Younger readers are more likely to reread passages that they find confusing or difficult. 
D)  Younger readers are better able to select a reading strategy that fits the material being read. 
A)  Children's knowledge of their world increases, so they understand more of what they read. 
B)  Working memory capacity decreases, which makes identifying propositions more difficult. 
C)  Younger readers are more likely to reread passages that they find confusing or difficult. 
D)  Younger readers are better able to select a reading strategy that fits the material being read.

Question 3

Preschoolers in the United States count more accurately than preschoolers in Asian countries.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

According to fuzzy trace theory, younger children typically remember the gist, but older children and adolescents typically remember verbatim.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Which of the following kindergartners will be most likely to learn to read more easily?

Accepted Answer

A)  Erik, who cannot identify words that rhyme and words that don't rhyme. 
B)  Siu-lan, who does not know most of the letters of the alphabet. 
C)  Sholonda, whose parents read rhymes to her. 
D)  Justin, who cannot identify the first, middle, or last sounds found in short words. 
A)  Erik, who cannot identify words that rhyme and words that don't rhyme. 
B)  Siu-lan, who does not know most of the letters of the alphabet. 
C)  Sholonda, whose parents read rhymes to her. 
D)  Justin, who cannot identify the first, middle, or last sounds found in short words.

Question 6

The __________ principle is illustrated by a child who counts a set of Star Wars figures "1, 2, 5, 8...Eight! There are 8 Star Wars figures."

Accepted Answer

A)  cardinality 
B)  stable-order 
C)  one-to-one 
D)  addition 
A)  cardinality 
B)  stable-order 
C)  one-to-one 
D)  addition

Question 7

American parents are more likely to be satisfied with their children's school performance than are parents in Japan and Taiwan.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Older children write better than younger children because

Accepted Answer

A)  they have less knowledge about the world. 
B)  they have mastered the mechanical aspects of writing. 
C)  they organize their writing as they retrieve it, often without an obvious structure. 
D)  they don't revise it. 
A)  they have less knowledge about the world. 
B)  they have mastered the mechanical aspects of writing. 
C)  they organize their writing as they retrieve it, often without an obvious structure. 
D)  they don't revise it.

Question 9

__________ is a strategy of repetitively naming information that is to be remembered.

Accepted Answer

A)  Outlining 
B)  Rehearsal 
C)  Monitoring 
D)  Summarizing 
A)  Outlining 
B)  Rehearsal 
C)  Monitoring 
D)  Summarizing

Question 10

To obtain reliable testimony from preschoolers

Accepted Answer

A)  interviewers should pursue only one explanation for what happened. 
B)  children should be encouraged to first describe the event in their own words. 
C)  children should be questioned repeatedly on a single issue. 
D)  adults should suggest possible events to cue the child's memory. 
A)  interviewers should pursue only one explanation for what happened. 
B)  children should be encouraged to first describe the event in their own words. 
C)  children should be questioned repeatedly on a single issue. 
D)  adults should suggest possible events to cue the child's memory.

Question 11

Carolyn Rovee-Collier's work on infant memory in which she taught infants to kick to make a crib mobile move indicated that

Accepted Answer

A)  infants could not remember an event for more than a day or two. 
B)  after several weeks infants forgot how to move the mobile and they could not be reminded. 
C)  after several weeks infants had forgotten how to move the mobile, but a single reminder helped them to remember. 
D)  infants never forgot how to move the mobile. 
A)  infants could not remember an event for more than a day or two. 
B)  after several weeks infants forgot how to move the mobile and they could not be reminded. 
C)  after several weeks infants had forgotten how to move the mobile, but a single reminder helped them to remember. 
D)  infants never forgot how to move the mobile.

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a factor that contributes to improved reading comprehension with age?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increases in working memory capacity with age. 
B)  Increased general knowledge about the world with age. 
C)  Lower levels of comprehension monitoring with age. 
D)  Selecting more appropriate reading strategies with age. 
A)  Increases in working memory capacity with age. 
B)  Increased general knowledge about the world with age. 
C)  Lower levels of comprehension monitoring with age. 
D)  Selecting more appropriate reading strategies with age.

Question 13

__________ is the process of identifying a unique pattern of letters.

Accepted Answer

A)  Comprehension 
B)  Word decoding 
C)  The cardinality principle 
D)  Phonological awareness 
A)  Comprehension 
B)  Word decoding 
C)  The cardinality principle 
D)  Phonological awareness

Question 14

Outlining or summarizing information is a good way to identify and organize the main points.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Which child appears to have mastered the cardinality principle?

Accepted Answer

A)  Kelsey, who always counts three cars as "1, 2, 3." 
B)  Casey, who consistently counts three cars as "10, 9, 8." 
C)  Jenny, who sometimes counts three cars as "1, a, 2,B" 
D)  Haley, who counts three cars as "1, 5, 6...SIX CARS!" 
A)  Kelsey, who always counts three cars as "1, 2, 3." 
B)  Casey, who consistently counts three cars as "10, 9, 8." 
C)  Jenny, who sometimes counts three cars as "1, a, 2,B" 
D)  Haley, who counts three cars as "1, 5, 6...SIX CARS!"

Question 16

With heuristics, a person determines the difference between the current and desired situations, then does something to reduce the difference.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Despite the popularity of the "child-as-a-scientist" metaphor, children and adolescents have limited skill in designing and evaluating real experiments.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

The __________ principle states that number names must be counted in the same order.

Accepted Answer

A)  stable-order 
B)  cardinality 
C)  one-to-one 
D)  propositions 
A)  stable-order 
B)  cardinality 
C)  one-to-one 
D)  propositions

Question 19

The general developmental trend for scientific reasoning resembles the one for general problem solving - overall, children's skills improve steadily as they grow.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

You show 6-month-old Zachary many pictures of two objects. At first he looks at each picture for several seconds, but after several are shown he just glances at each briefly then looks away. Then you show him a picture of three objects. What would you expect him to do?

Accepted Answer

A)  Look at the picture briefly then look away, because to him it looks just like a picture with two objects. 
B)  Look at the picture with renewed interest for several seconds, because he will recognize that three objects are different from two objects. 
C)  Look at the picture and say, "1, 2, 3." 
D)  Start crying and refuse to look at the picture because it is unfamiliar. 
A)  Look at the picture briefly then look away, because to him it looks just like a picture with two objects. 
B)  Look at the picture with renewed interest for several seconds, because he will recognize that three objects are different from two objects. 
C)  Look at the picture and say, "1, 2, 3." 
D)  Start crying and refuse to look at the picture because it is unfamiliar.

Which memory strategy is a preschooler most likely to use?

Which of the following is a factor that contributes to improved reading comprehension with age?

Preschoolers in the United States count more accurately than preschoolers in Asian countries.

According to fuzzy trace theory, younger children typically remember the gist, but older children and adolescents typically remember verbatim.

Which of the following kindergartners will be most likely to learn to read more easily?

The __________ principle is illustrated by a child who counts a set of Star Wars figures "1, 2, 5, 8...Eight! There are 8 Star Wars figures."

American parents are more likely to be satisfied with their children's school performance than are parents in Japan and Taiwan.

Older children write better than younger children because

__________ is a strategy of repetitively naming information that is to be remembered.

To obtain reliable testimony from preschoolers

Carolyn Rovee-Collier's work on infant memory in which she taught infants to kick to make a crib mobile move indicated that

Which of the following is NOT a factor that contributes to improved reading comprehension with age?

__________ is the process of identifying a unique pattern of letters.

Outlining or summarizing information is a good way to identify and organize the main points.

Which child appears to have mastered the cardinality principle?

With heuristics, a person determines the difference between the current and desired situations, then does something to reduce the difference.

Despite the popularity of the "child-as-a-scientist" metaphor, children and adolescents have limited skill in designing and evaluating real experiments.

The __________ principle states that number names must be counted in the same order.

The general developmental trend for scientific reasoning resembles the one for general problem solving - overall, children's skills improve steadily as they grow.

You show 6-month-old Zachary many pictures of two objects. At first he looks at each picture for several seconds, but after several are shown he just glances at each briefly then looks away. Then you show him a picture of three objects. What would you expect him to do?

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Exam 7: Cognitive Processes and Academic Skills

Which memory strategy is a preschooler most likely to use?

Which of the following is a factor that contributes to improved reading comprehension with age?

Preschoolers in the United States count more accurately than preschoolers in Asian countries.

According to fuzzy trace theory, younger children typically remember the gist, but older children and adolescents typically remember verbatim.

Which of the following kindergartners will be most likely to learn to read more easily?

The __________ principle is illustrated by a child who counts a set of Star Wars figures "1, 2, 5, 8...Eight! There are 8 Star Wars figures."

American parents are more likely to be satisfied with their children's school performance than are parents in Japan and Taiwan.

Older children write better than younger children because

__________ is a strategy of repetitively naming information that is to be remembered.

To obtain reliable testimony from preschoolers

Carolyn Rovee-Collier's work on infant memory in which she taught infants to kick to make a crib mobile move indicated that

Which of the following is NOT a factor that contributes to improved reading comprehension with age?

__________ is the process of identifying a unique pattern of letters.

Outlining or summarizing information is a good way to identify and organize the main points.

Which child appears to have mastered the cardinality principle?

With heuristics, a person determines the difference between the current and desired situations, then does something to reduce the difference.

Despite the popularity of the "child-as-a-scientist" metaphor, children and adolescents have limited skill in designing and evaluating real experiments.

The __________ principle states that number names must be counted in the same order.

The general developmental trend for scientific reasoning resembles the one for general problem solving - overall, children's skills improve steadily as they grow.

You show 6-month-old Zachary many pictures of two objects. At first he looks at each picture for several seconds, but after several are shown he just glances at each briefly then looks away. Then you show him a picture of three objects. What would you expect him to do?

The Science of Child Development

Genetic Bases of Child Development

Prenatal Development, Birth, and the Newborn

Growth and Health

Perceptual and Motor Development

Theories of Cognitive Development

Intelligence and Individual Differences in Cognition

Language and Communication

Emotional Development

Understanding Self and Others

Moral Understanding and Behavior

Gender and Development

Family Relationships

Influences Beyond the Family

Filters