Question 1

Psychologists often characterize children's knowledge in terms of a network in which

Accepted Answer

A)  the entries are unrelated to one another. 
B)  younger children have fewer entries, but more connecting links. 
C)  information is organized for adults, but not for children. 
D)  younger children have fewer entries and fewer and weaker connecting links. 
A)  the entries are unrelated to one another. 
B)  younger children have fewer entries, but more connecting links. 
C)  information is organized for adults, but not for children. 
D)  younger children have fewer entries and fewer and weaker connecting links. D

Question 2

As children develop, they learn more about how memory operates and they devise theories about memory.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 3

Developmental improvements in children's writing can be traced to a number of factors. What are they?

Accepted Answer

A good answer will include the following key points:
$\bullet$ Greater knowledge and access to knowledge.
$\bullet$ Greater understanding of how to organize writing knowledge-transforming strategies as opposed to knowledge-(telling strategies).
$\bullet$ Greater ease in dealing with the mechanical requirements of writing.
$\bullet$ Greater skill in revising.

Question 4

Compared to American students, students in Japan and Taiwan spend

Accepted Answer

A)  more time on homework, but American students value homework more. 
B)  about the same amount of time on homework. 
C)  less time on homework, but they value it more than do American students. 
D)  more time on homework and they value it more than do American students. 
A)  more time on homework, but American students value homework more. 
B)  about the same amount of time on homework. 
C)  less time on homework, but they value it more than do American students. 
D)  more time on homework and they value it more than do American students.

Question 5

____________ transform the information in a problem into mental representation.

Accepted Answer

A)  Decoding processes 
B)  Encoding processes 
C)  Mental strategies 
D)  Automatic processes 
A)  Decoding processes 
B)  Encoding processes 
C)  Mental strategies 
D)  Automatic processes

Question 6

English-speaking children often stop counting at a number ending in nine (e.g., 29) because they don't know the next decade name.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

When experiments are combined instead of evaluated independently - so that the results are ambiguous, they are said to be

Accepted Answer

A)  valid. 
B)  reliable. 
C)  confounded. 
D)  longitudinal. 
A)  valid. 
B)  reliable. 
C)  confounded. 
D)  longitudinal.

Question 8

What are some common reasons why young children sometimes fail to solve problems because of poor planning?

Accepted Answer

A good answer will include the following

Question 9

Some conspicuous faults that children have with scientific problem solving include all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  they often devise experiments in which variables are confounded. 
B)  they often use automatic processes, instead of encoding processes. 
C)  they often reach conclusions prematurely, basing them on too little evidence. 
D)  they often have difficulty integrating theory and data. 
A)  they often devise experiments in which variables are confounded. 
B)  they often use automatic processes, instead of encoding processes. 
C)  they often reach conclusions prematurely, basing them on too little evidence. 
D)  they often have difficulty integrating theory and data.

Question 10

The one-to-one principle states

Accepted Answer

A)  that the last number name differs from the previous ones in a counting sequence by denoting the number of objects. 
B)  that number names must be counted in the same order. 
C)  that there must be one and only one number name for each object that is counted. 
D)  the conventional sequence of the number names. 
A)  that the last number name differs from the previous ones in a counting sequence by denoting the number of objects. 
B)  that number names must be counted in the same order. 
C)  that there must be one and only one number name for each object that is counted. 
D)  the conventional sequence of the number names.

Question 11

Four-year-old Heather is repeatedly questioned about an incident on the playground where a stranger approached her. She is likely to

Accepted Answer

A)  have no memory of the incident. 
B)  confuse what really happened with what others suggest may have happened. 
C)  clearly differentiate between what really happened and what others suggest may have happened. 
D)  believe that adult questioners are deliberately trying to confuse her when they suggest something other than what she reported may actually have happened. 
A)  have no memory of the incident. 
B)  confuse what really happened with what others suggest may have happened. 
C)  clearly differentiate between what really happened and what others suggest may have happened. 
D)  believe that adult questioners are deliberately trying to confuse her when they suggest something other than what she reported may actually have happened.

Question 12

Which of the following statements about learning to count is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Once children can apply the one-to-one, the stable-order, and the cardinality principles they will count like adults. 
B)  Learning the number names beyond nine is easier than learning the number names up to nine. 
C)  When there are limits to how far a child knows how to count, the child will usually stop counting at a number ending in 0. 
D)  Learning to count beyond 10 is easier in English than in other languages. 
A)  Once children can apply the one-to-one, the stable-order, and the cardinality principles they will count like adults. 
B)  Learning the number names beyond nine is easier than learning the number names up to nine. 
C)  When there are limits to how far a child knows how to count, the child will usually stop counting at a number ending in 0. 
D)  Learning to count beyond 10 is easier in English than in other languages.

Question 13

Knowledge and awareness of cognitive processes is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)  cognitive self-regulation. 
B)  memory strategies. 
C)  metacognitive knowledge. 
D)  metamemory. 
A)  cognitive self-regulation. 
B)  memory strategies. 
C)  metacognitive knowledge. 
D)  metamemory.

Question 14

Morris said the words cat, hat, dog, and bat and asked Alana which word did not rhyme with the others. Dr. Morris appears to be interested in Alana's

Accepted Answer

A)  comprehension. 
B)  phonological awareness. 
C)  word decoding. 
D)  propositions. 
A)  comprehension. 
B)  phonological awareness. 
C)  word decoding. 
D)  propositions.

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a reason for the improvements in writing that occur as children mature?

Accepted Answer

A)  As children mature, they gain more knowledge about the world and, therefore, have more to tell others in their writing. 
B)  Adolescents use a knowledge-telling strategy and young children use a knowledge- transforming strategy when writing. 
C)  Older children need to concentrate less on the mechanical requirements  (e.g., printing, spelling, punctuation) than do younger children. 
D)  As children develop, they have greater skill in revising and editing their writing. 
A)  As children mature, they gain more knowledge about the world and, therefore, have more to tell others in their writing. 
B)  Adolescents use a knowledge-telling strategy and young children use a knowledge- transforming strategy when writing. 
C)  Older children need to concentrate less on the mechanical requirements  (e.g., printing, spelling, punctuation) than do younger children. 
D)  As children develop, they have greater skill in revising and editing their writing.

Question 16

Preschool children do not have the ability to use means-ends analyses to solve problems.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

A memory structure used to describe the sequence in which events occur is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)  a script. 
B)  rehearsal. 
C)  monitoring. 
D)  repeated questioning. 
A)  a script. 
B)  rehearsal. 
C)  monitoring. 
D)  repeated questioning.

Question 18

Six-month-old infants

Accepted Answer

A)  cannot distinguish one object from two objects. 
B)  use the one-to-one principle. 
C)  can distinguish two objects from three objects. 
D)  do not seem to be sensitive to quantity as a characteristic of stimuli. 
A)  cannot distinguish one object from two objects. 
B)  use the one-to-one principle. 
C)  can distinguish two objects from three objects. 
D)  do not seem to be sensitive to quantity as a characteristic of stimuli.

Question 19

Scripts of events

Accepted Answer

A)  can distort a child's memory for an event. 
B)  force children to remember every individual activity that is part of an event. 
C)  make remembering a specific event more difficult. 
D)  do not provide information about the sequence in which events occur. 
A)  can distort a child's memory for an event. 
B)  force children to remember every individual activity that is part of an event. 
C)  make remembering a specific event more difficult. 
D)  do not provide information about the sequence in which events occur.

Question 20

American schools could be improved by giving teachers more time to prepare lessons and correct students' work.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Psychologists often characterize children's knowledge in terms of a network in which

As children develop, they learn more about how memory operates and they devise theories about memory.

Developmental improvements in children's writing can be traced to a number of factors. What are they?

Compared to American students, students in Japan and Taiwan spend

____________ transform the information in a problem into mental representation.

English-speaking children often stop counting at a number ending in nine (e.g., 29) because they don't know the next decade name.

When experiments are combined instead of evaluated independently - so that the results are ambiguous, they are said to be

What are some common reasons why young children sometimes fail to solve problems because of poor planning?

Some conspicuous faults that children have with scientific problem solving include all of the following EXCEPT

The one-to-one principle states

Four-year-old Heather is repeatedly questioned about an incident on the playground where a stranger approached her. She is likely to

Which of the following statements about learning to count is TRUE?

Knowledge and awareness of cognitive processes is referred to as

Morris said the words cat, hat, dog, and bat and asked Alana which word did not rhyme with the others. Dr. Morris appears to be interested in Alana's

Which of the following is NOT a reason for the improvements in writing that occur as children mature?

Preschool children do not have the ability to use means-ends analyses to solve problems.

A memory structure used to describe the sequence in which events occur is referred to as

Six-month-old infants

Scripts of events

American schools could be improved by giving teachers more time to prepare lessons and correct students' work.

The Science of Child Development

Genetic Bases of Child Development

Prenatal Development, Birth, and the Newborn

Growth and Health

Perceptual and Motor Development

Theories of Cognitive Development

Intelligence and Individual Differences in Cognition

Language and Communication

Emotional Development

Understanding Self and Others

Moral Understanding and Behavior

Gender and Development

Family Relationships

Influences Beyond the Family

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Exam 7: Cognitive Processes and Academic Skills

Psychologists often characterize children's knowledge in terms of a network in which

As children develop, they learn more about how memory operates and they devise theories about memory.

Developmental improvements in children's writing can be traced to a number of factors. What are they?

Compared to American students, students in Japan and Taiwan spend

____________ transform the information in a problem into mental representation.

English-speaking children often stop counting at a number ending in nine (e.g., 29) because they don't know the next decade name.

When experiments are combined instead of evaluated independently - so that the results are ambiguous, they are said to be

What are some common reasons why young children sometimes fail to solve problems because of poor planning?

Some conspicuous faults that children have with scientific problem solving include all of the following EXCEPT

The one-to-one principle states

Four-year-old Heather is repeatedly questioned about an incident on the playground where a stranger approached her. She is likely to

Which of the following statements about learning to count is TRUE?

Knowledge and awareness of cognitive processes is referred to as

Morris said the words cat, hat, dog, and bat and asked Alana which word did not rhyme with the others. Dr. Morris appears to be interested in Alana's

Which of the following is NOT a reason for the improvements in writing that occur as children mature?

Preschool children do not have the ability to use means-ends analyses to solve problems.

A memory structure used to describe the sequence in which events occur is referred to as

Six-month-old infants

Scripts of events

American schools could be improved by giving teachers more time to prepare lessons and correct students' work.

The Science of Child Development

Genetic Bases of Child Development

Prenatal Development, Birth, and the Newborn

Growth and Health

Perceptual and Motor Development

Theories of Cognitive Development

Intelligence and Individual Differences in Cognition

Language and Communication

Emotional Development

Understanding Self and Others

Moral Understanding and Behavior

Gender and Development

Family Relationships

Influences Beyond the Family

Filters