Question 1

The foundation or first step of developing a self-concept occurs when children

Accepted Answer

A)  begin to wonder who they are. 
B)  become aware that they exist independently of other people and objects in the environment. 
C)  mention emotions when describing themselves. 
D)  begin to describe themselves in relation to their peers. 
A)  begin to wonder who they are. 
B)  become aware that they exist independently of other people and objects in the environment. 
C)  mention emotions when describing themselves. 
D)  begin to describe themselves in relation to their peers.

Question 2

Self-awareness is usually well-established by the age of

Accepted Answer

A)  6 months. 
B)  1 year. 
C)  2 years. 
D)  3 years. 
A)  6 months. 
B)  1 year. 
C)  2 years. 
D)  3 years.

Question 3

Explain what is meant by the imaginary audience, the personal fable, and the illusion of invulnerability. Give an example of each.

Accepted Answer

A good answer will be similar to the fol

Question 4

Self-aware toddlers look more at photos of other children than photos of themselves.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

At which age would you be most likely to find the highest levels of self-esteem?

Accepted Answer

A)  preschool years 
B)  early elementary-school years 
C)  late elementary-school years 
D)  junior high years 
A)  preschool years 
B)  early elementary-school years 
C)  late elementary-school years 
D)  junior high years

Question 6

In general, self-esteem is highest during adolescence.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Children are more likely to view themselves positively when their parents are affectionate with them.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

During Selman's __________ stage of perspective-taking, children know that perspectives differ because people have access to different information.

Accepted Answer

A)  undifferentiated 
B)  third-person 
C)  social-informational 
D)  societal 
A)  undifferentiated 
B)  third-person 
C)  social-informational 
D)  societal

Question 9

Increasing segregation between children of different racial groups was one of the consequences of the U.S. Supreme Court's decision in Brown v. Board of Education.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

According to Marcia, during the achievement status individuals have explored alternatives and have deliberately chosen a specific identity.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Greg has more advanced perspective-taking skills than Simon. Which of the following would you expect to find?

Accepted Answer

A)  Greg and Simon are at the same cognitive level. 
B)  Simon is older than Greg. 
C)  Simon gets along better with his peers than Greg does. 
D)  Greg has more positive interactions with his peers than Simon does. 
A)  Greg and Simon are at the same cognitive level. 
B)  Simon is older than Greg. 
C)  Simon gets along better with his peers than Greg does. 
D)  Greg has more positive interactions with his peers than Simon does.

Question 12

Which of the following is correct regarding how ethnicity and culture each influence self-esteem?

Accepted Answer

A)  Compared to European Americans, Hispanic Americans have higher self-esteem during most of the elementary-school years. 
B)  Compared to European Americans, African Americans have higher self-esteem during most of the elementary-school years. 
C)  Compared to European Americans, African Americans have higher self-esteem during adolescence. 
D)  Compared to European American, Hispanic Americans have higher self-esteem during adolescence. 
A)  Compared to European Americans, Hispanic Americans have higher self-esteem during most of the elementary-school years. 
B)  Compared to European Americans, African Americans have higher self-esteem during most of the elementary-school years. 
C)  Compared to European Americans, African Americans have higher self-esteem during adolescence. 
D)  Compared to European American, Hispanic Americans have higher self-esteem during adolescence.

Question 13

In Selman's social-informational stage of perspective-taking, children know that self and others often have different thoughts and feelings, but often confuse the two.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Adolescents' belief that others are constantly watching their behavior is called the personal fable.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Two-year-old Chris "helps" his dad change the oil in the car and ends up with a black oil streak on his cheek. When they come into the house, his dad takes him into the bathroom to clean up. Based on what you know about self-awareness in 2-year-olds, what would you expect Chris to do when he looks in
The mirror?

Accepted Answer

A)  Reach up and touch the black spot on his cheek. 
B)  Touch the black spot he sees on the mirror. 
C)  Look at his dad to see if he, too, has oil on his face. 
D)  Not show any indication that he notices the spot. 
A)  Reach up and touch the black spot on his cheek. 
B)  Touch the black spot he sees on the mirror. 
C)  Look at his dad to see if he, too, has oil on his face. 
D)  Not show any indication that he notices the spot.

Question 16

Adolescent egocentrism is characterized by

Accepted Answer

A)  an inability to understand that others have different perspectives of the world. 
B)  an indifference about what other people think about them. 
C)  a belief that they are the focus of others' thinking. 
D)  having attained identity achievement. 
A)  an inability to understand that others have different perspectives of the world. 
B)  an indifference about what other people think about them. 
C)  a belief that they are the focus of others' thinking. 
D)  having attained identity achievement.

Question 17

As children develop, their descriptions of others become richer, more abstract, and more psychological.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Adolescent egocentrism, imaginary audiences, personal fables, and the illusion of invulnerability become more common as adolescents make progress toward achieving an identity.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Compared to other children, children with low self-esteem

Accepted Answer

A)  are likely to have good relations with peers. 
B)  are more prone to psychological disorders such as depression. 
C)  are less likely to be involved in antisocial behavior. 
D)  are more likely to do well in school. 
A)  are likely to have good relations with peers. 
B)  are more prone to psychological disorders such as depression. 
C)  are less likely to be involved in antisocial behavior. 
D)  are more likely to do well in school.

Question 20

Selman's perspective-taking theory is based on assumptions from __________ theory.

Accepted Answer

A)  Piaget's 
B)  Vygotsky's 
C)  psychodynamic 
D)  social learning 
A)  Piaget's 
B)  Vygotsky's 
C)  psychodynamic 
D)  social learning

The foundation or first step of developing a self-concept occurs when children

Self-awareness is usually well-established by the age of

Explain what is meant by the imaginary audience, the personal fable, and the illusion of invulnerability. Give an example of each.

Self-aware toddlers look more at photos of other children than photos of themselves.

At which age would you be most likely to find the highest levels of self-esteem?

In general, self-esteem is highest during adolescence.

Children are more likely to view themselves positively when their parents are affectionate with them.

During Selman's __________ stage of perspective-taking, children know that perspectives differ because people have access to different information.

Increasing segregation between children of different racial groups was one of the consequences of the U.S. Supreme Court's decision in Brown v. Board of Education.

According to Marcia, during the achievement status individuals have explored alternatives and have deliberately chosen a specific identity.

Greg has more advanced perspective-taking skills than Simon. Which of the following would you expect to find?

Which of the following is correct regarding how ethnicity and culture each influence self-esteem?

In Selman's social-informational stage of perspective-taking, children know that self and others often have different thoughts and feelings, but often confuse the two.

Adolescents' belief that others are constantly watching their behavior is called the personal fable.

Adolescent egocentrism is characterized by

As children develop, their descriptions of others become richer, more abstract, and more psychological.

Adolescent egocentrism, imaginary audiences, personal fables, and the illusion of invulnerability become more common as adolescents make progress toward achieving an identity.

Compared to other children, children with low self-esteem

Selman's perspective-taking theory is based on assumptions from __________ theory.

The Science of Child Development

Genetic Bases of Child Development

Prenatal Development, Birth, and the Newborn

Growth and Health

Perceptual and Motor Development

Theories of Cognitive Development

Cognitive Processes and Academic Skills

Intelligence and Individual Differences in Cognition

Language and Communication

Emotional Development

Moral Understanding and Behavior

Gender and Development

Family Relationships

Influences Beyond the Family

Filters

Exam 11: Understanding Self and Others

The foundation or first step of developing a self-concept occurs when children

Self-awareness is usually well-established by the age of

Explain what is meant by the imaginary audience, the personal fable, and the illusion of invulnerability. Give an example of each.

Self-aware toddlers look more at photos of other children than photos of themselves.

At which age would you be most likely to find the highest levels of self-esteem?

In general, self-esteem is highest during adolescence.

Children are more likely to view themselves positively when their parents are affectionate with them.

During Selman's __________ stage of perspective-taking, children know that perspectives differ because people have access to different information.

Increasing segregation between children of different racial groups was one of the consequences of the U.S. Supreme Court's decision in Brown v. Board of Education.

According to Marcia, during the achievement status individuals have explored alternatives and have deliberately chosen a specific identity.

Greg has more advanced perspective-taking skills than Simon. Which of the following would you expect to find?

Which of the following is correct regarding how ethnicity and culture each influence self-esteem?

In Selman's social-informational stage of perspective-taking, children know that self and others often have different thoughts and feelings, but often confuse the two.

Adolescents' belief that others are constantly watching their behavior is called the personal fable.

Adolescent egocentrism is characterized by

As children develop, their descriptions of others become richer, more abstract, and more psychological.

Adolescent egocentrism, imaginary audiences, personal fables, and the illusion of invulnerability become more common as adolescents make progress toward achieving an identity.

Compared to other children, children with low self-esteem

Selman's perspective-taking theory is based on assumptions from __________ theory.

The Science of Child Development

Genetic Bases of Child Development

Prenatal Development, Birth, and the Newborn

Growth and Health

Perceptual and Motor Development

Theories of Cognitive Development

Cognitive Processes and Academic Skills

Intelligence and Individual Differences in Cognition

Language and Communication

Emotional Development

Moral Understanding and Behavior

Gender and Development

Family Relationships

Influences Beyond the Family

Filters