Question 1

Which of the following statements is correct about the current research on the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

A) Monolingual adults and bilingual adults are equally likely to report this phenomenon. 
B) People are fairly accurate in guessing the number of syllables in the target word,but they are less accurate in guessing the target word's first letter. 
C) The phenomenon seems to be limited to the English language. 
D) Research in languages that have grammatical gender shows that people can typically identify the gender of the target word. 
A) Monolingual adults and bilingual adults are equally likely to report this phenomenon. 
B) People are fairly accurate in guessing the number of syllables in the target word,but they are less accurate in guessing the target word's first letter. 
C) The phenomenon seems to be limited to the English language. 
D) Research in languages that have grammatical gender shows that people can typically identify the gender of the target word. D

Question 2

Your textbook discussed a metamemory study that asked students to estimate their total score on a test that they had just taken.The comparison between the students' actual score and their estimated score showed that

Accepted Answer

A) the students consistently overestimated how well they had performed. 
B) the students consistently underestimated how well they had performed. 
C) the students with the lowest actual scores provided the most accurate estimated scores. 
D) the students with the highest actual scores provided the most accurate estimated scores. 
A) the students consistently overestimated how well they had performed. 
B) the students consistently underestimated how well they had performed. 
C) the students with the lowest actual scores provided the most accurate estimated scores. 
D) the students with the highest actual scores provided the most accurate estimated scores. D

Question 3

According to the discussion of metacomprehension,

Accepted Answer

A) college students do not need special training in this area,because their metacomprehension is reasonably accurate. 
B) metacomprehension can be improved when students receive feedback about their understanding before they take a test. 
C) good readers and poor readers do not differ in their awareness of reading strategies. 
D) metacomprehension is basically the same as meta-analysis. 
A) college students do not need special training in this area,because their metacomprehension is reasonably accurate. 
B) metacomprehension can be improved when students receive feedback about their understanding before they take a test. 
C) good readers and poor readers do not differ in their awareness of reading strategies. 
D) metacomprehension is basically the same as meta-analysis. B

Question 4

Absentminded behavior is especially likely to occur

Accepted Answer

A) when you must remember to do something that is not part of your customary routine. 
B) when you are in an unfamiliar setting. 
C) when you are trying to performing a task especially carefully. 
D) when you are performing a retrospective-memory task. 
A) when you must remember to do something that is not part of your customary routine. 
B) when you are in an unfamiliar setting. 
C) when you are trying to performing a task especially carefully. 
D) when you are performing a retrospective-memory task.

Question 5

Chapter 6 discusses the accuracy of people's metamemory for pairs of words on an item-by-item basis.This research suggests that

Accepted Answer

A) people are not very accurate in guessing which pairs of words they are likely to recall at a later time. 
B) people clearly underestimate their ability to recall pairs of words at a later time. 
C) people are more accurate when predicting on an "item-by-item" basis as compared to an overall score basis. 
D) people have fairly accurate metamemory when the stimuli are pairs of words. 
A) people are not very accurate in guessing which pairs of words they are likely to recall at a later time. 
B) people clearly underestimate their ability to recall pairs of words at a later time. 
C) people are more accurate when predicting on an "item-by-item" basis as compared to an overall score basis. 
D) people have fairly accurate metamemory when the stimuli are pairs of words.

Question 6

What can we conclude about college students' accuracy on measures of metacomprehension?

Accepted Answer

A) Students' metacomprehension is generally as accurate as their metamemory for learning pairs of English words. 
B) Metacomprehension is about as accurate for reading comprehension as for other items on the verbal portion of the SAT. 
C) Students are only slightly more confident about the items they answered correctly than the items they answered incorrectly. 
D) There is no relationship between students' confidence about whether they answered an item correctly and their actual accuracy. 
A) Students' metacomprehension is generally as accurate as their metamemory for learning pairs of English words. 
B) Metacomprehension is about as accurate for reading comprehension as for other items on the verbal portion of the SAT. 
C) Students are only slightly more confident about the items they answered correctly than the items they answered incorrectly. 
D) There is no relationship between students' confidence about whether they answered an item correctly and their actual accuracy.

Question 7

Why should you pay attention to metamemory if you want to improve your memory?

Accepted Answer

A) The guidelines of metamemory suggest that rote rehearsal is the most effective mnemonic device. 
B) Metamemory can help you decide which strategies work best for you. 
C) Metamemory allows you to process information in a parallel fashion,rather than a serial fashion. 
D) Metamemory is the study of memory for people's names,and people report particular difficulty with memory for names. 
A) The guidelines of metamemory suggest that rote rehearsal is the most effective mnemonic device. 
B) Metamemory can help you decide which strategies work best for you. 
C) Metamemory allows you to process information in a parallel fashion,rather than a serial fashion. 
D) Metamemory is the study of memory for people's names,and people report particular difficulty with memory for names.

Question 8

Researchers have conducted many studies about how students allocate their time,when studying for an exam.In general,these studies show that

Accepted Answer

A) without time pressure,students spend more time studying difficult material. 
B) without time pressure,students spend more time studying easy material. 
C) with time pressure,students spend more time studying difficult material. 
D) with time pressure,students tend to study randomly,without using strategies about which items to focus on. 
A) without time pressure,students spend more time studying difficult material. 
B) without time pressure,students spend more time studying easy material. 
C) with time pressure,students spend more time studying difficult material. 
D) with time pressure,students tend to study randomly,without using strategies about which items to focus on.

Question 9

Suppose that you meet a student named Jane Frostig,and you try to recall her last name by imagining that she has chocolate frosting spread across her forehead.Which mnemonic method would this represent?

Accepted Answer

A) Keyword method 
B) Method of loci 
C) Chunking method 
D) Source monitoring 
A) Keyword method 
B) Method of loci 
C) Chunking method 
D) Source monitoring

Question 10

According to your textbook,retrospective memory

Accepted Answer

A) means that some new information interferes with some old information. 
B) refers to some information that you learned in the past. 
C) means that you use some mnemonic devices to improve your memory. 
D) refers to your ability to predict how well you will do on a memory test. 
A) means that some new information interferes with some old information. 
B) refers to some information that you learned in the past. 
C) means that you use some mnemonic devices to improve your memory. 
D) refers to your ability to predict how well you will do on a memory test.

Question 11

Prospective memory errors are especially likely to occur when you are simultaneously

Accepted Answer

A) performing a task automatically in a familiar setting. 
B) performing a task effortfully in a familiar setting. 
C) performing a task automatically in an unfamiliar setting. 
D) performing a task effortfully in an unfamiliar setting. 
A) performing a task automatically in a familiar setting. 
B) performing a task effortfully in a familiar setting. 
C) performing a task automatically in an unfamiliar setting. 
D) performing a task effortfully in an unfamiliar setting.

Question 12

Suppose that you need to remember to pick up a book at the library after your examination today.This kind of memory task is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) retrospective memory. 
B) implicit memory. 
C) prospective memory 
D) organizational mnemonics. 
A) retrospective memory. 
B) implicit memory. 
C) prospective memory 
D) organizational mnemonics.

Question 13

The research on practice and memory improvement demonstrates that

Accepted Answer

A) for most people,one exposure to the material is sufficient unless that material is extremely difficult. 
B) several reviews of the same material-without taking breaks in between-is especially effective. 
C) in general,we have little evidence for the total time hypothesis. 
D) learning is more effective if learning trials are spread out over time,rather than if you study without a break. 
A) for most people,one exposure to the material is sufficient unless that material is extremely difficult. 
B) several reviews of the same material-without taking breaks in between-is especially effective. 
C) in general,we have little evidence for the total time hypothesis. 
D) learning is more effective if learning trials are spread out over time,rather than if you study without a break.

Question 14

Lori types her notes on her laptop during her professor's lectures,but she also checks her email and monitors Facebook at the same time.Although Lori insists that she's a good multitasker,Steve informs her that she would remember the material better if she closed her email and browser during class.Steve's good advice is based on knowledge of

Accepted Answer

A) working memory. 
B) divided attention. 
C) levels of processing. 
D) encoding specificity. 
A) working memory. 
B) divided attention. 
C) levels of processing. 
D) encoding specificity.

Question 15

Roediger and Karpicke's 2006 study of the testing effect indicated that taking memory tests improves retention as compared to extra studying

Accepted Answer

A) at short retention intervals but not long ones. 
B) only at retention intervals of 1 week or longer. 
C) even when students receive no feedback on the accuracy of their test results. 
D) only when the format of the first test matches the format of the final test. 
A) at short retention intervals but not long ones. 
B) only at retention intervals of 1 week or longer. 
C) even when students receive no feedback on the accuracy of their test results. 
D) only when the format of the first test matches the format of the final test.

Question 16

How is the tip-of-the-tongue experience relevant to metacognition?

Accepted Answer

A) People can provide accurate introspections about the way their semantic memory is organized. 
B) People are more accurate in supplying a similar-sounding word than a similar-meaning word. 
C) When people report a tip-of-the-tongue state,they accurately assess that they are close to identifying the missing word. 
D) People can accurately describe the process by which they recover a word that was previously on the tip of their tongue. 
A) People can provide accurate introspections about the way their semantic memory is organized. 
B) People are more accurate in supplying a similar-sounding word than a similar-meaning word. 
C) When people report a tip-of-the-tongue state,they accurately assess that they are close to identifying the missing word. 
D) People can accurately describe the process by which they recover a word that was previously on the tip of their tongue.

Question 17

Chapter 7 discussed a study by Hartwig and Dunlosky,who assessed whether college students' study techniques were correlated with their college grades.This research showed that

Accepted Answer

A) there was a strong correlation between the measures of "study techniques" and grades in college. 
B) the study was flawed,because of the research was acknowledged to have a serious problem with the issue that "correlation is not necessarily causation." 
C) surprisingly,there was no correlation between any of the variables. 
D) there was actually a negative correlation between study techniques and grades in college,probably because the students with the lowest grades actually exaggerated the amount of time spent studying. 
A) there was a strong correlation between the measures of "study techniques" and grades in college. 
B) the study was flawed,because of the research was acknowledged to have a serious problem with the issue that "correlation is not necessarily causation." 
C) surprisingly,there was no correlation between any of the variables. 
D) there was actually a negative correlation between study techniques and grades in college,probably because the students with the lowest grades actually exaggerated the amount of time spent studying.

Question 18

Mandi is studying for her biopsychology exam by creating a diagram for the parts of the human nervous system.Her diagram shows two basic divisions,the peripheral nervous system and the central nervous system; each of these systems is further divided and then subdivided.Mandi is using

Accepted Answer

A) the method of loci. 
B) the spacing effect. 
C) the keyword method. 
D) the hierarchy technique. 
A) the method of loci. 
B) the spacing effect. 
C) the keyword method. 
D) the hierarchy technique.

Question 19

Suppose that you have just learned that you will have a quiz in about 30 minutes on a set of fairly difficult short essays that you haven't even glanced at.If you are like the students described in the discussion of regulating study strategies,you would

Accepted Answer

A) select the most difficult essays to read first. 
B) select the easiest essays to read first. 
C) select easier essays to read first if you are an expert,but select more difficult essays to read first if you are a novice. 
D) show no systematic pattern in reading the essays. 
A) select the most difficult essays to read first. 
B) select the easiest essays to read first. 
C) select easier essays to read first if you are an expert,but select more difficult essays to read first if you are a novice. 
D) show no systematic pattern in reading the essays.

Question 20

Suppose that you hear a lecture about memory improvement,and the speaker says,"We must remember the value of desirable difficulties." The speaker is likely to emphasize that

Accepted Answer

A) academic tests must be difficult enough to differentiate between the students who deserve A's and the students who deserve lower grades. 
B) professors who want to assess their academic programs must be sure that the courses are sufficiently difficult. 
C) students' motivation will be higher if they are allowed to select the appropriate level of difficulty for the material in a course they are taking. 
D) if students test themselves several minutes after learning some material,they will make more errors,which will encourage them to spend more time studying. 
A) academic tests must be difficult enough to differentiate between the students who deserve A's and the students who deserve lower grades. 
B) professors who want to assess their academic programs must be sure that the courses are sufficiently difficult. 
C) students' motivation will be higher if they are allowed to select the appropriate level of difficulty for the material in a course they are taking. 
D) if students test themselves several minutes after learning some material,they will make more errors,which will encourage them to spend more time studying.

Which of the following statements is correct about the current research on the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon?

Your textbook discussed a metamemory study that asked students to estimate their total score on a test that they had just taken.The comparison between the students' actual score and their estimated score showed that

According to the discussion of metacomprehension,

Absentminded behavior is especially likely to occur

Chapter 6 discusses the accuracy of people's metamemory for pairs of words on an item-by-item basis.This research suggests that

What can we conclude about college students' accuracy on measures of metacomprehension?

Why should you pay attention to metamemory if you want to improve your memory?

Researchers have conducted many studies about how students allocate their time,when studying for an exam.In general,these studies show that

Suppose that you meet a student named Jane Frostig,and you try to recall her last name by imagining that she has chocolate frosting spread across her forehead.Which mnemonic method would this represent?

According to your textbook,retrospective memory

Prospective memory errors are especially likely to occur when you are simultaneously

Suppose that you need to remember to pick up a book at the library after your examination today.This kind of memory task is an example of

The research on practice and memory improvement demonstrates that

Roediger and Karpicke's 2006 study of the testing effect indicated that taking memory tests improves retention as compared to extra studying

How is the tip-of-the-tongue experience relevant to metacognition?

Chapter 7 discussed a study by Hartwig and Dunlosky,who assessed whether college students' study techniques were correlated with their college grades.This research showed that

Mandi is studying for her biopsychology exam by creating a diagram for the parts of the human nervous system.Her diagram shows two basic divisions,the peripheral nervous system and the central nervous system; each of these systems is further divided and then subdivided.Mandi is using

Suppose that you have just learned that you will have a quiz in about 30 minutes on a set of fairly difficult short essays that you haven't even glanced at.If you are like the students described in the discussion of regulating study strategies,you would

Suppose that you hear a lecture about memory improvement,and the speaker says,"We must remember the value of desirable difficulties." The speaker is likely to emphasize that

An Introduction to Cognitive Psychology

Perceptual Processes I: Visual and Auditory Recognition

Perceptual Processes II: Attention and Consciousness

Working Memory

Long-Term Memory

Mental Imagery and Cognitive Maps

General Knowledge

Language I: Introduction to Language and Language Comprehension

Language II: Language Production and Bilingualism

Problem Solving and Creativity

Deductive Reasoning and Decision Making

Cognitive Development Throughout the Lifespan

Filters

Exam 6: Memory Strategies and Metacognition

Which of the following statements is correct about the current research on the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon?

Your textbook discussed a metamemory study that asked students to estimate their total score on a test that they had just taken.The comparison between the students' actual score and their estimated score showed that

According to the discussion of metacomprehension,

Absentminded behavior is especially likely to occur

Chapter 6 discusses the accuracy of people's metamemory for pairs of words on an item-by-item basis.This research suggests that

What can we conclude about college students' accuracy on measures of metacomprehension?

Why should you pay attention to metamemory if you want to improve your memory?

Researchers have conducted many studies about how students allocate their time,when studying for an exam.In general,these studies show that

Suppose that you meet a student named Jane Frostig,and you try to recall her last name by imagining that she has chocolate frosting spread across her forehead.Which mnemonic method would this represent?

According to your textbook,retrospective memory

Prospective memory errors are especially likely to occur when you are simultaneously

Suppose that you need to remember to pick up a book at the library after your examination today.This kind of memory task is an example of

The research on practice and memory improvement demonstrates that

Roediger and Karpicke's 2006 study of the testing effect indicated that taking memory tests improves retention as compared to extra studying

How is the tip-of-the-tongue experience relevant to metacognition?

Chapter 7 discussed a study by Hartwig and Dunlosky,who assessed whether college students' study techniques were correlated with their college grades.This research showed that

Mandi is studying for her biopsychology exam by creating a diagram for the parts of the human nervous system.Her diagram shows two basic divisions,the peripheral nervous system and the central nervous system; each of these systems is further divided and then subdivided.Mandi is using

Suppose that you have just learned that you will have a quiz in about 30 minutes on a set of fairly difficult short essays that you haven't even glanced at.If you are like the students described in the discussion of regulating study strategies,you would

Suppose that you hear a lecture about memory improvement,and the speaker says,"We must remember the value of desirable difficulties." The speaker is likely to emphasize that

An Introduction to Cognitive Psychology

Perceptual Processes I: Visual and Auditory Recognition

Perceptual Processes II: Attention and Consciousness

Working Memory

Long-Term Memory

Mental Imagery and Cognitive Maps

General Knowledge

Language I: Introduction to Language and Language Comprehension

Language II: Language Production and Bilingualism

Problem Solving and Creativity

Deductive Reasoning and Decision Making

Cognitive Development Throughout the Lifespan

Filters