Question 1

Which of the following is an example of an explicit memory task?

Accepted Answer

A) You are shown a set of photos and you are asked which ones are familiar because you have seen them before. 
B) You supply free associations more quickly to words that you have recently seen than to words you have not recently seen. 
C) You are shown some word fragments,and you complete the words more quickly if you have seen them before. 
D) You dial a familiar phone number more quickly than an unfamiliar phone number. 
A) You are shown a set of photos and you are asked which ones are familiar because you have seen them before. 
B) You supply free associations more quickly to words that you have recently seen than to words you have not recently seen. 
C) You are shown some word fragments,and you complete the words more quickly if you have seen them before. 
D) You dial a familiar phone number more quickly than an unfamiliar phone number. A

Question 2

Suppose that you have just read an autobiography by a novelist.You read a critique of that autobiography,which argues that we must take a constructivist approach to the book.This critique is likely to emphasize that

Accepted Answer

A) people's recall is generally highly accurate. 
B) people systemically describe themselves as smarter and better than they really are. 
C) the novelist may have written things about the past that were consistent with her current interpretation of her life-but may not have happened that way. 
D) existential moments shape our reality,and they are guided by our early childhood experiences. 
A) people's recall is generally highly accurate. 
B) people systemically describe themselves as smarter and better than they really are. 
C) the novelist may have written things about the past that were consistent with her current interpretation of her life-but may not have happened that way. 
D) existential moments shape our reality,and they are guided by our early childhood experiences. C

Question 3

Research on expertise in memory indicates that

Accepted Answer

A) experts do not really perform substantially better than other people on memory tasks,when you consider memory for material related to their area of expertise. 
B) experts are usually accurate in reconstructing missing parts of information from material that they partially remember. 
C) experts typically have both a well-organized knowledge structure in a particular area and outstanding general memory skills. 
D) expertise is primarily helpful because it exercises the mind,similar to the way a body-builder exercises the muscles of the body. 
A) experts do not really perform substantially better than other people on memory tasks,when you consider memory for material related to their area of expertise. 
B) experts are usually accurate in reconstructing missing parts of information from material that they partially remember. 
C) experts typically have both a well-organized knowledge structure in a particular area and outstanding general memory skills. 
D) expertise is primarily helpful because it exercises the mind,similar to the way a body-builder exercises the muscles of the body. B

Question 4

Which of the following is an example of episodic memory?

Accepted Answer

A) I remember receiving the letter of acceptance from my college. 
B) I remember how to make spinach lasagna. 
C) I know that daffodils bloom in the spring. 
D) I know that Spanish has two different words for "to be." 
A) I remember receiving the letter of acceptance from my college. 
B) I remember how to make spinach lasagna. 
C) I know that daffodils bloom in the spring. 
D) I know that Spanish has two different words for "to be."

Question 5

Chapter 5 discussed a study by Waring and Kensinger (2011),in which people looked at stimuli that were either very positive,very negative,or neutral; each stimulus was shown together with a neutral background,such as a river.The results of this study showed that people were least likely to recognize this neutral background

Accepted Answer

A) when the stimulus was very positive. 
B) when the stimulus was very negative. 
C) when the stimulus was neutral. 
D) when they were tested immediately after the stimuli had been presented. 
A) when the stimulus was very positive. 
B) when the stimulus was very negative. 
C) when the stimulus was neutral. 
D) when they were tested immediately after the stimuli had been presented.

Question 6

According to the textbook's description of a schema,

Accepted Answer

A) a schema for an event is usually much more positive than the event really was. 
B) our schema for an event tends to be highly accurate. 
C) a schema is like a flashbulb memory,because it contains so many details. 
D) our schemas tend to guide our recall. 
A) a schema for an event is usually much more positive than the event really was. 
B) our schema for an event tends to be highly accurate. 
C) a schema is like a flashbulb memory,because it contains so many details. 
D) our schemas tend to guide our recall.

Question 7

Imagine that a friend has just read a magazine article that discusses flashbulb memories,and your friend argues that people retain a very clear memory of certain emotional events.What would you respond?

Accepted Answer

A) "Yes,the research strongly supports the concept of certain strong,almost permanent memories for highly important events." 
B) "Yes,the article is correct that some memories are very clear,but these fade after 2-3 years." 
C) "No,the article overstates the case; these memories can be inaccurate and can fade with time." 
D) "No,there is no evidence for flashbulb memories." 
A) "Yes,the research strongly supports the concept of certain strong,almost permanent memories for highly important events." 
B) "Yes,the article is correct that some memories are very clear,but these fade after 2-3 years." 
C) "No,the article overstates the case; these memories can be inaccurate and can fade with time." 
D) "No,there is no evidence for flashbulb memories."

Question 8

Chapter 5 discussed the relationship between the violence of a TV program and people's recall of commercials shown during that program.According to this research,people recall a commercial more accurately

Accepted Answer

A) when the program is extremely violent. 
B) when the program is moderately violent. 
C) when the program is nonviolent. 
D) when the visual component of the program is nonviolent but the auditory component is moderately violent. 
A) when the program is extremely violent. 
B) when the program is moderately violent. 
C) when the program is nonviolent. 
D) when the visual component of the program is nonviolent but the auditory component is moderately violent.

Question 9

According to the research on flashbulb memories,

Accepted Answer

A) researchers agree that flashbulb memories are indeed more accurate than memories for other important events. 
B) people claim that they have accurate memories for these events,but many researchers have found that the memories contain inaccuracies. 
C) flashbulb memories are accurate only for unpleasant memories,rather than for pleasant ones. 
D) during the current era,no researcher has demonstrated more accurate recall for these significant life events. 
A) researchers agree that flashbulb memories are indeed more accurate than memories for other important events. 
B) people claim that they have accurate memories for these events,but many researchers have found that the memories contain inaccuracies. 
C) flashbulb memories are accurate only for unpleasant memories,rather than for pleasant ones. 
D) during the current era,no researcher has demonstrated more accurate recall for these significant life events.

Question 10

Suppose that students in a research study see a list of English words.Which of the following would be the best way for the researchers to test implicit memory later on in the session?

Accepted Answer

A) Ask them to recall as many words as possible. 
B) Show them a longer list of words and ask them to recognize which ones they saw earlier. 
C) See if they show more encoding specificity for the words that were not in the original list. 
D) Show them a longer list of words,with several letters missing from each word,and ask them to complete the words. 
A) Ask them to recall as many words as possible. 
B) Show them a longer list of words and ask them to recognize which ones they saw earlier. 
C) See if they show more encoding specificity for the words that were not in the original list. 
D) Show them a longer list of words,with several letters missing from each word,and ask them to complete the words.

Question 11

Chapter 5 describes a study by Marian and Fausey,who studied English-Spanish bilinguals.They presented two stories in English and two stories in Spanish.Then the researchers asked questions about the stories,sometimes in English and sometimes in Spanish.The results showed that

Accepted Answer

A) there were no significant differences between conditions,demonstrating that encoding-specificity effect is weak. 
B) people were more accurate in the English-English condition,compared with the Spanish-Spanish condition. 
C) people were more accurate in the Spanish-Spanish condition,compared with the English-English condition. 
D) people were more accurate when the language of the stories matched the language of the questions. 
A) there were no significant differences between conditions,demonstrating that encoding-specificity effect is weak. 
B) people were more accurate in the English-English condition,compared with the Spanish-Spanish condition. 
C) people were more accurate in the Spanish-Spanish condition,compared with the English-English condition. 
D) people were more accurate when the language of the stories matched the language of the questions.

Question 12

Which of the following statements is an example of episodic memory?

Accepted Answer

A) Trees often lose their leaves in the fall. 
B) I know how to record a program from PBS. 
C) The word semantic is related to the word meaning. 
D) I remember reading the book Sense and Sensibility in twelfth grade. 
A) Trees often lose their leaves in the fall. 
B) I know how to record a program from PBS. 
C) The word semantic is related to the word meaning. 
D) I remember reading the book Sense and Sensibility in twelfth grade.

Question 13

Suppose that you look at a new term in a foreign language,and this item is then stored in your memory.Cognitive psychologists call this process

Accepted Answer

A) procedural memory. 
B) retrieval. 
C) encoding. 
D) recognition. 
A) procedural memory. 
B) retrieval. 
C) encoding. 
D) recognition.

Question 14

Expertise is helpful in remembering material because experts

Accepted Answer

A) tend to inhibit the development of mental images that can interfere with learning. 
B) are likely to reorganize the material that they must recall. 
C) use rote rehearsal more frequently than novices do. 
D) are less likely to "overlearn" material than novices do. 
A) tend to inhibit the development of mental images that can interfere with learning. 
B) are likely to reorganize the material that they must recall. 
C) use rote rehearsal more frequently than novices do. 
D) are less likely to "overlearn" material than novices do.

Question 15

According to the discussion of schemas and memory,

Accepted Answer

A) we form schemas based on our previous experiences with someone or something. 
B) once an event has occurred,we can no longer recall any specific information about the event. 
C) schemas only operate prior to the occurrence of an event. 
D) current researchers do not consider schemas to be a useful term in cognitive psychology. 
A) we form schemas based on our previous experiences with someone or something. 
B) once an event has occurred,we can no longer recall any specific information about the event. 
C) schemas only operate prior to the occurrence of an event. 
D) current researchers do not consider schemas to be a useful term in cognitive psychology.

Question 16

Over time,unpleasant memories

Accepted Answer

A) never fade. 
B) fade less than pleasant memories. 
C) fade about the same as pleasant memories. 
D) fade more than pleasant memories. 
A) never fade. 
B) fade less than pleasant memories. 
C) fade about the same as pleasant memories. 
D) fade more than pleasant memories.

Question 17

Suppose that some friends of yours want to advertise their new product on a television show.If they want people to remember the product,what kind of program would you recommend and why?

Accepted Answer

A) A violent show,because the excitement of the show will enhance recall for their product 
B) A violent show,because the violence will encourage them to forget the show and remember the advertisement 
C) A nonviolent show,because violence and anger usually reduce memory for the advertisement 
D) A neutral show,because the boredom of the program will increase people's attention to the advertisement 
A) A violent show,because the excitement of the show will enhance recall for their product 
B) A violent show,because the violence will encourage them to forget the show and remember the advertisement 
C) A nonviolent show,because violence and anger usually reduce memory for the advertisement 
D) A neutral show,because the boredom of the program will increase people's attention to the advertisement

Question 18

Years ago,you read a story called "Le Petit Prince" ("The Little Prince")in French.According to the encoding-specificity principle,you would be likely to remember more about the story if

Accepted Answer

A) you were asked questions about it in English. 
B) you were asked questions about it in French. 
C) you were asked to think about how the story related to your own life. 
D) you were asked to think about how the words appeared on the pages of the book. 
A) you were asked questions about it in English. 
B) you were asked questions about it in French. 
C) you were asked to think about how the story related to your own life. 
D) you were asked to think about how the words appeared on the pages of the book.

Question 19

Suppose that you performed a classic levels-of-processing memory task.At the time of retrieval,you are asked,"Was there a word on the list that rhymed with log?" You will be most likely to remember the word "dog" if you originally processed it by answering the question,

Accepted Answer

A) "Is it printed in capital letters?" 
B) "Does it rhyme with log?" 
C) "Is it a type of animal?" 
D) "Does it fit into the sentence: The ____ jumped up on the man." 
A) "Is it printed in capital letters?" 
B) "Does it rhyme with log?" 
C) "Is it a type of animal?" 
D) "Does it fit into the sentence: The ____ jumped up on the man."

Question 20

Suppose that when you hear a new acquaintance's name,Chris Money,you think about the meaning of the name Money,including both coins and dollar bills,and the importance of money in our culture.The kind of processing you would be using is called

Accepted Answer

A) serial processing. 
B) automatic processing. 
C) sensory memory. 
D) elaboration. 
A) serial processing. 
B) automatic processing. 
C) sensory memory. 
D) elaboration.

Which of the following is an example of an explicit memory task?

Suppose that you have just read an autobiography by a novelist.You read a critique of that autobiography,which argues that we must take a constructivist approach to the book.This critique is likely to emphasize that

Research on expertise in memory indicates that

Which of the following is an example of episodic memory?

According to the textbook's description of a schema,

Imagine that a friend has just read a magazine article that discusses flashbulb memories,and your friend argues that people retain a very clear memory of certain emotional events.What would you respond?

Chapter 5 discussed the relationship between the violence of a TV program and people's recall of commercials shown during that program.According to this research,people recall a commercial more accurately

According to the research on flashbulb memories,

Suppose that students in a research study see a list of English words.Which of the following would be the best way for the researchers to test implicit memory later on in the session?

Chapter 5 describes a study by Marian and Fausey,who studied English-Spanish bilinguals.They presented two stories in English and two stories in Spanish.Then the researchers asked questions about the stories,sometimes in English and sometimes in Spanish.The results showed that

Which of the following statements is an example of episodic memory?

Suppose that you look at a new term in a foreign language,and this item is then stored in your memory.Cognitive psychologists call this process

Expertise is helpful in remembering material because experts

According to the discussion of schemas and memory,

Over time,unpleasant memories

Suppose that some friends of yours want to advertise their new product on a television show.If they want people to remember the product,what kind of program would you recommend and why?

Years ago,you read a story called "Le Petit Prince" ("The Little Prince")in French.According to the encoding-specificity principle,you would be likely to remember more about the story if

Suppose that you performed a classic levels-of-processing memory task.At the time of retrieval,you are asked,"Was there a word on the list that rhymed with log?" You will be most likely to remember the word "dog" if you originally processed it by answering the question,

Suppose that when you hear a new acquaintance's name,Chris Money,you think about the meaning of the name Money,including both coins and dollar bills,and the importance of money in our culture.The kind of processing you would be using is called

An Introduction to Cognitive Psychology

Perceptual Processes I: Visual and Auditory Recognition

Perceptual Processes II: Attention and Consciousness

Working Memory

Memory Strategies and Metacognition

Mental Imagery and Cognitive Maps

General Knowledge

Language I: Introduction to Language and Language Comprehension

Language II: Language Production and Bilingualism

Problem Solving and Creativity

Deductive Reasoning and Decision Making

Cognitive Development Throughout the Lifespan

Filters

Exam 5: Long-Term Memory

Which of the following is an example of an explicit memory task?

Suppose that you have just read an autobiography by a novelist.You read a critique of that autobiography,which argues that we must take a constructivist approach to the book.This critique is likely to emphasize that

Research on expertise in memory indicates that

Which of the following is an example of episodic memory?

According to the textbook's description of a schema,

Imagine that a friend has just read a magazine article that discusses flashbulb memories,and your friend argues that people retain a very clear memory of certain emotional events.What would you respond?

Chapter 5 discussed the relationship between the violence of a TV program and people's recall of commercials shown during that program.According to this research,people recall a commercial more accurately

According to the research on flashbulb memories,

Suppose that students in a research study see a list of English words.Which of the following would be the best way for the researchers to test implicit memory later on in the session?

Chapter 5 describes a study by Marian and Fausey,who studied English-Spanish bilinguals.They presented two stories in English and two stories in Spanish.Then the researchers asked questions about the stories,sometimes in English and sometimes in Spanish.The results showed that

Which of the following statements is an example of episodic memory?

Suppose that you look at a new term in a foreign language,and this item is then stored in your memory.Cognitive psychologists call this process

Expertise is helpful in remembering material because experts

According to the discussion of schemas and memory,

Over time,unpleasant memories

Suppose that some friends of yours want to advertise their new product on a television show.If they want people to remember the product,what kind of program would you recommend and why?

Years ago,you read a story called "Le Petit Prince" ("The Little Prince")in French.According to the encoding-specificity principle,you would be likely to remember more about the story if

Suppose that you performed a classic levels-of-processing memory task.At the time of retrieval,you are asked,"Was there a word on the list that rhymed with log?" You will be most likely to remember the word "dog" if you originally processed it by answering the question,

Suppose that when you hear a new acquaintance's name,Chris Money,you think about the meaning of the name Money,including both coins and dollar bills,and the importance of money in our culture.The kind of processing you would be using is called

An Introduction to Cognitive Psychology

Perceptual Processes I: Visual and Auditory Recognition

Perceptual Processes II: Attention and Consciousness

Working Memory

Memory Strategies and Metacognition

Mental Imagery and Cognitive Maps

General Knowledge

Language I: Introduction to Language and Language Comprehension

Language II: Language Production and Bilingualism

Problem Solving and Creativity

Deductive Reasoning and Decision Making

Cognitive Development Throughout the Lifespan

Filters