Question 1

As you read this question,you may be asking yourself whether you understand it.If so,you are engaging in

Accepted Answer

A) meta-analysis. 
B) metamemory. 
C) metacomprehension. 
D) source monitoring. 
A) meta-analysis. 
B) metamemory. 
C) metacomprehension. 
D) source monitoring.

Question 2

Suppose that a friend is having difficulty in introductory psychology,so you decide to give her some memory tips.If you decide to emphasize metamemory,you would be likely to

Accepted Answer

A) make her think more about the factors that influence her memory. 
B) emphasize that,in the ideal situation,memory is schematic. 
C) inform her that the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon is more a myth than a reality. 
D) emphasize shallow processing for working memory and deep processing for long-term memory. 
A) make her think more about the factors that influence her memory. 
B) emphasize that,in the ideal situation,memory is schematic. 
C) inform her that the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon is more a myth than a reality. 
D) emphasize shallow processing for working memory and deep processing for long-term memory.

Question 3

According to the discussion of improving prospective memory,

Accepted Answer

A) external memory aids tend to decrease the accuracy of prospective memory. 
B) it's helpful to figure out a specific reminder that you can place in a relevant location. 
C) the same identical factors influence the accuracy of both retrospective memory and prospective memory. 
D) prospective memory errors are especially likely when people are using focused attention rather than divided attention. 
A) external memory aids tend to decrease the accuracy of prospective memory. 
B) it's helpful to figure out a specific reminder that you can place in a relevant location. 
C) the same identical factors influence the accuracy of both retrospective memory and prospective memory. 
D) prospective memory errors are especially likely when people are using focused attention rather than divided attention.

Question 4

Which of the following definitions for the term "foresight bias" is most accurate?

Accepted Answer

A) A foresight bias occurs when the researchers try to anticipate-in advance-the problems with a study. 
B) Foresight bias occurs when researchers examine the dependent variables to see whether they will be high in external validity. 
C) Foresight bias occurs when people judge their mastery of some material that they have been studying,although they have been using an inappropriate mnemonic device. 
D) Foresight bias occurs when people are too confident that they will do well in a future exam,based on the estimates they make while studying the material. 
A) A foresight bias occurs when the researchers try to anticipate-in advance-the problems with a study. 
B) Foresight bias occurs when researchers examine the dependent variables to see whether they will be high in external validity. 
C) Foresight bias occurs when people judge their mastery of some material that they have been studying,although they have been using an inappropriate mnemonic device. 
D) Foresight bias occurs when people are too confident that they will do well in a future exam,based on the estimates they make while studying the material.

Question 5

Sean is studying for his philosophy final exam.He knows that the test will be all essays,and he knows that the professor often asks students to compare two philosophical approaches.As part of his studying,he writes several practice essays in which he compares some philosophical approaches.Sean's study method makes use of the cognitive principle called

Accepted Answer

A) implicit memory. 
B) the hierarchy technique. 
C) encoding specificity. 
D) method of loci. 
A) implicit memory. 
B) the hierarchy technique. 
C) encoding specificity. 
D) method of loci.

Question 6

Suppose that people are working on an ongoing task.They are most likely to forget to complete a prospective-memory task if

Accepted Answer

A) they create a mental image of that prospective-memory task. 
B) they are performing the ongoing task automatically. 
C) the ongoing task is relatively easy. 
D) they create some concrete,external reminder of the prospective-memory task. 
A) they create a mental image of that prospective-memory task. 
B) they are performing the ongoing task automatically. 
C) the ongoing task is relatively easy. 
D) they create some concrete,external reminder of the prospective-memory task.

Question 7

Which of the following students provides the most accurate summary of the research on metacomprehension accuracy among college students?

Accepted Answer

A) Cheryl: "Students' metacomprehension accuracy and their reading comprehension scores are significantly correlated." 
B) Jacques: "Students tend to underestimate their scores on a reading comprehension test." 
C) Ed: "Students are much more confident about the comprehension questions they answered correctly,compared with those they answered incorrectly." 
D) Hannelore: "Unfortunately,students' metacomprehension accuracy does not improve when they get feedback about their ability to assess their reading comprehension." 
A) Cheryl: "Students' metacomprehension accuracy and their reading comprehension scores are significantly correlated." 
B) Jacques: "Students tend to underestimate their scores on a reading comprehension test." 
C) Ed: "Students are much more confident about the comprehension questions they answered correctly,compared with those they answered incorrectly." 
D) Hannelore: "Unfortunately,students' metacomprehension accuracy does not improve when they get feedback about their ability to assess their reading comprehension."

Question 8

Suppose that you are studying for a biopsychology examination,and you decide to try asking yourself questions about why various structures in the central nervous system operate the way they do.According to the discussion of memory strategies,your technique would

Accepted Answer

A) enhance encoding specificity. 
B) promote simple rehearsal. 
C) lead to divided attention. 
D) encourage a deep level of processing. 
A) enhance encoding specificity. 
B) promote simple rehearsal. 
C) lead to divided attention. 
D) encourage a deep level of processing.

Question 9

According to the discussion of prospective and retrospective memory,

Accepted Answer

A) distinctive encoding improves performance on both kinds of memory tasks. 
B) the research on retrospective memory is typically higher in ecological validity than is the research on prospective memory. 
C) a delay period has a stronger effect on retrospective memory than on prospective memory. 
D) retrospective-memory tasks typically activate the frontal lobe of the brain,but prospective-memory tasks do not. 
A) distinctive encoding improves performance on both kinds of memory tasks. 
B) the research on retrospective memory is typically higher in ecological validity than is the research on prospective memory. 
C) a delay period has a stronger effect on retrospective memory than on prospective memory. 
D) retrospective-memory tasks typically activate the frontal lobe of the brain,but prospective-memory tasks do not.

Question 10

The tip-of-the-tongue experience is related to metacognition because

Accepted Answer

A) people think about whether they are likely to remember the target word,and this estimate is one kind of metacognitive task. 
B) people are highly accurate in both their tip-of-the-tongue estimates and their metacognition estimates. 
C) people consistently underestimate their accuracy on both tip-of-the-tongue tasks and other metacognitive tasks. 
D) people first give a general estimate of their accuracy,and then they systematically make adjustments to that estimate. 
A) people think about whether they are likely to remember the target word,and this estimate is one kind of metacognitive task. 
B) people are highly accurate in both their tip-of-the-tongue estimates and their metacognition estimates. 
C) people consistently underestimate their accuracy on both tip-of-the-tongue tasks and other metacognitive tasks. 
D) people first give a general estimate of their accuracy,and then they systematically make adjustments to that estimate.

Question 11

Amelia speaks French and English fluently.Connor speaks only English.According to research,

Accepted Answer

A) Amelia and Connor should experience the tip-of-the-tongue effect equally frequently. 
B) Connor should experience the tip-of-the-tongue effect more frequently than Amelia. 
C) Amelia should experience the tip-of-the-tongue effect more frequently than Connor. 
D) Amelia should never experience the tip-of-the-tongue effect. 
A) Amelia and Connor should experience the tip-of-the-tongue effect equally frequently. 
B) Connor should experience the tip-of-the-tongue effect more frequently than Amelia. 
C) Amelia should experience the tip-of-the-tongue effect more frequently than Connor. 
D) Amelia should never experience the tip-of-the-tongue effect.

Question 12

Which of the following is not an example of a mnemonic technique that emphasizes organization?

Accepted Answer

A) Keyword method 
B) Hierarchy 
C) First-letter technique 
D) Narrative technique 
A) Keyword method 
B) Hierarchy 
C) First-letter technique 
D) Narrative technique

Question 13

Harrison knows that he will typically perform better in an exam if he reads the textbook chapters in the early afternoon and if he reviews the material by trying to explain it in his own words.Harrison is demonstrating

Accepted Answer

A) levels of processing. 
B) mnemonics. 
C) metacognition. 
D) the keyword method. 
A) levels of processing. 
B) mnemonics. 
C) metacognition. 
D) the keyword method.

Question 14

The hierarchy technique is an example of a mnemonic device that primarily emphasizes

Accepted Answer

A) mental imagery. 
B) organization. 
C) the self-reference effect. 
D) prospective memory. 
A) mental imagery. 
B) organization. 
C) the self-reference effect. 
D) prospective memory.

Question 15

The concept called "feeling of knowing"

Accepted Answer

A) describes how confident you are that you provided the right answer on a test. 
B) is an estimate of the likelihood that you will recognize the correct answer to a question. 
C) is more closely related to retrospective memory than to metamemory. 
D) is not significantly correlated with the amount of partial information we can retrieve. 
A) describes how confident you are that you provided the right answer on a test. 
B) is an estimate of the likelihood that you will recognize the correct answer to a question. 
C) is more closely related to retrospective memory than to metamemory. 
D) is not significantly correlated with the amount of partial information we can retrieve.

Question 16

According to the discussion of the narrative technique,

Accepted Answer

A) this technique is effective if you need to learn a single list of items; its effectiveness is reduced when learning multiple lists. 
B) the research suggests that this technique works well as long as you can create the story easily and also recall it easily. 
C) this technique is effective with college students,but not for people with memory impairments. 
D) this method is so effective that it works even if you use a weak story to link together the items. 
A) this technique is effective if you need to learn a single list of items; its effectiveness is reduced when learning multiple lists. 
B) the research suggests that this technique works well as long as you can create the story easily and also recall it easily. 
C) this technique is effective with college students,but not for people with memory impairments. 
D) this method is so effective that it works even if you use a weak story to link together the items.

Question 17

The narrative technique

Accepted Answer

A) is effective only for improving working memory. 
B) is effective only for items presented at the beginning of a list. 
C) can produce recall that is approximately six times the recall produced in a control group. 
D) requires you to combine the first letter of each word in a list that you need to remember. 
A) is effective only for improving working memory. 
B) is effective only for items presented at the beginning of a list. 
C) can produce recall that is approximately six times the recall produced in a control group. 
D) requires you to combine the first letter of each word in a list that you need to remember.

Question 18

Absentminded behavior is most likely to occur

Accepted Answer

A) when you are performing a very important behavior. 
B) when you are performing a source-monitoring task. 
C) when you are performing a routine activity,but you are thinking about the separate steps involved in the action. 
D) when a prospective-memory task requires you to interrupt a routine activity. 
A) when you are performing a very important behavior. 
B) when you are performing a source-monitoring task. 
C) when you are performing a routine activity,but you are thinking about the separate steps involved in the action. 
D) when a prospective-memory task requires you to interrupt a routine activity.

Question 19

Suppose that you are studying for a vocabulary test,and you want to accurately predict your score in that test.Your prediction accuracy would be highest if you

Accepted Answer

A) tested yourself immediately after learning the words. 
B) tested yourself several minutes after learning the words. 
C) estimate how many words you already knew before beginning to study. 
D) figure out-in advance-whether you typically have trouble on vocabulary tests. 
A) tested yourself immediately after learning the words. 
B) tested yourself several minutes after learning the words. 
C) estimate how many words you already knew before beginning to study. 
D) figure out-in advance-whether you typically have trouble on vocabulary tests.

Question 20

Part of the section on metamemory examined how students regulate their study strategies.If you are typical of the college students discussed in that section-and the task is relatively easy-you would be likely to

Accepted Answer

A) spend somewhat more time on the more difficult material,but not as much time as it deserves. 
B) fail to review the material you already know. 
C) show no relationship between study time and the difficulty of the material. 
D) spend roughly three times as long on difficult topics as on the topics you already know. 
A) spend somewhat more time on the more difficult material,but not as much time as it deserves. 
B) fail to review the material you already know. 
C) show no relationship between study time and the difficulty of the material. 
D) spend roughly three times as long on difficult topics as on the topics you already know.

As you read this question,you may be asking yourself whether you understand it.If so,you are engaging in

Suppose that a friend is having difficulty in introductory psychology,so you decide to give her some memory tips.If you decide to emphasize metamemory,you would be likely to

According to the discussion of improving prospective memory,

Which of the following definitions for the term "foresight bias" is most accurate?

Suppose that people are working on an ongoing task.They are most likely to forget to complete a prospective-memory task if

Which of the following students provides the most accurate summary of the research on metacomprehension accuracy among college students?

Suppose that you are studying for a biopsychology examination,and you decide to try asking yourself questions about why various structures in the central nervous system operate the way they do.According to the discussion of memory strategies,your technique would

According to the discussion of prospective and retrospective memory,

The tip-of-the-tongue experience is related to metacognition because

Amelia speaks French and English fluently.Connor speaks only English.According to research,

Which of the following is not an example of a mnemonic technique that emphasizes organization?

Harrison knows that he will typically perform better in an exam if he reads the textbook chapters in the early afternoon and if he reviews the material by trying to explain it in his own words.Harrison is demonstrating

The hierarchy technique is an example of a mnemonic device that primarily emphasizes

The concept called "feeling of knowing"

According to the discussion of the narrative technique,

The narrative technique

Absentminded behavior is most likely to occur

Suppose that you are studying for a vocabulary test,and you want to accurately predict your score in that test.Your prediction accuracy would be highest if you

Part of the section on metamemory examined how students regulate their study strategies.If you are typical of the college students discussed in that section-and the task is relatively easy-you would be likely to

An Introduction to Cognitive Psychology

Perceptual Processes I: Visual and Auditory Recognition

Perceptual Processes II: Attention and Consciousness

Working Memory

Long-Term Memory

Mental Imagery and Cognitive Maps

General Knowledge

Language I: Introduction to Language and Language Comprehension

Language II: Language Production and Bilingualism

Problem Solving and Creativity

Deductive Reasoning and Decision Making

Cognitive Development Throughout the Lifespan

Filters

Exam 6: Memory Strategies and Metacognition

As you read this question,you may be asking yourself whether you understand it.If so,you are engaging in

Suppose that a friend is having difficulty in introductory psychology,so you decide to give her some memory tips.If you decide to emphasize metamemory,you would be likely to

According to the discussion of improving prospective memory,

Which of the following definitions for the term "foresight bias" is most accurate?

Suppose that people are working on an ongoing task.They are most likely to forget to complete a prospective-memory task if

Which of the following students provides the most accurate summary of the research on metacomprehension accuracy among college students?

Suppose that you are studying for a biopsychology examination,and you decide to try asking yourself questions about why various structures in the central nervous system operate the way they do.According to the discussion of memory strategies,your technique would

According to the discussion of prospective and retrospective memory,

The tip-of-the-tongue experience is related to metacognition because

Amelia speaks French and English fluently.Connor speaks only English.According to research,

Which of the following is not an example of a mnemonic technique that emphasizes organization?

Harrison knows that he will typically perform better in an exam if he reads the textbook chapters in the early afternoon and if he reviews the material by trying to explain it in his own words.Harrison is demonstrating

The hierarchy technique is an example of a mnemonic device that primarily emphasizes

The concept called "feeling of knowing"

According to the discussion of the narrative technique,

The narrative technique

Absentminded behavior is most likely to occur

Suppose that you are studying for a vocabulary test,and you want to accurately predict your score in that test.Your prediction accuracy would be highest if you

Part of the section on metamemory examined how students regulate their study strategies.If you are typical of the college students discussed in that section-and the task is relatively easy-you would be likely to

An Introduction to Cognitive Psychology

Perceptual Processes I: Visual and Auditory Recognition

Perceptual Processes II: Attention and Consciousness

Working Memory

Long-Term Memory

Mental Imagery and Cognitive Maps

General Knowledge

Language I: Introduction to Language and Language Comprehension

Language II: Language Production and Bilingualism

Problem Solving and Creativity

Deductive Reasoning and Decision Making

Cognitive Development Throughout the Lifespan

Filters