Question 1

In which of the following pairs of substances does one substance enhance the intestinal absorption of the other?

Accepted Answer

A)  Iron - intrinsic factor 
B)  Calcium - vitamin D 
C)  vitamin B12 - ferritin 
D)  Triglyceride - bile pigments 
E)  Biotin - avidin 
A)  Iron - intrinsic factor 
B)  Calcium - vitamin D 
C)  vitamin B12 - ferritin 
D)  Triglyceride - bile pigments 
E)  Biotin - avidin

Question 2

The most common symptom of iron deficiency is:

Accepted Answer

A)  Abnormal clotting 
B)  Anemia 
C)  Dry skin 
D)  Night blindness 
E)  Spongy, swollen gums 
A)  Abnormal clotting 
B)  Anemia 
C)  Dry skin 
D)  Night blindness 
E)  Spongy, swollen gums

Question 3

The requirement for fat in the diet

Accepted Answer

A)  would best be satisfied by supplying 30% of the calories as polyunsaturated fatty acids. 
B)  includes a requirement for cholesterol. 
C)  includes a requirement for the essential fatty acids and sufficient fat to permit absorption of the fat-soluble vitamins. 
D)  is not for any specific kind of fat but for enough fat to meet caloric requirements. 
E)  does not distinguish between saturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids. 
A)  would best be satisfied by supplying 30% of the calories as polyunsaturated fatty acids. 
B)  includes a requirement for cholesterol. 
C)  includes a requirement for the essential fatty acids and sufficient fat to permit absorption of the fat-soluble vitamins. 
D)  is not for any specific kind of fat but for enough fat to meet caloric requirements. 
E)  does not distinguish between saturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids.

Question 4

The role of most vitamins in metabolism is

Accepted Answer

A)  to serve as coenzymes or precursors of coenzyme. 
B)  to serve as precursors of essential amino acids. 
C)  to serve as key intermediates in the citric acid cycle. 
D)  to build up resistance to bacterial and viral infections. 
E)  To spark metabolism. 
A)  to serve as coenzymes or precursors of coenzyme. 
B)  to serve as precursors of essential amino acids. 
C)  to serve as key intermediates in the citric acid cycle. 
D)  to build up resistance to bacterial and viral infections. 
E)  To spark metabolism.

Question 5

All of the following statements about calcium are correct EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  Cytosolic calcium concentration is lower than that of extracellular fluid. 
B)  Calcium is the primary stimulator of parathyroid hormone secretion. 
C)  Calcium directly regulates 25-hydroxyvitamin D3-1-alpha- hydroxylase activity. 
D)  Mammalian biosynthesis of phosphatidylserine is calcium dependent. 
E)  A decrease in the plasma calcium concentration results in decreased calcitonin secretion. 
A)  Cytosolic calcium concentration is lower than that of extracellular fluid. 
B)  Calcium is the primary stimulator of parathyroid hormone secretion. 
C)  Calcium directly regulates 25-hydroxyvitamin D3-1-alpha- hydroxylase activity. 
D)  Mammalian biosynthesis of phosphatidylserine is calcium dependent. 
E)  A decrease in the plasma calcium concentration results in decreased calcitonin secretion.

Question 6

The most common symptom of iron deficiency is:

Accepted Answer

A)  Abnormal clotting 
B)  Anemia 
C)  Dry skin 
D)  Night blindness 
E)  Spongy, swollen gums 
A)  Abnormal clotting 
B)  Anemia 
C)  Dry skin 
D)  Night blindness 
E)  Spongy, swollen gums

Question 7

A positive nitrogen balance would be expected in all of the following conditions EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  growing children. 
B)  pregnancy. 
C)  consumption of a diet with increased protein. 
D)  recovery from trauma or surgery. 
A)  growing children. 
B)  pregnancy. 
C)  consumption of a diet with increased protein. 
D)  recovery from trauma or surgery.

Question 8

The requirement for fat in the diet

Accepted Answer

A)  would best be satisfied by supplying 30% of the calories as polyunsaturated fatty acids. 
B)  includes a requirement for cholesterol. 
C)  includes a requirement for the essential fatty acids and sufficient fat to permit absorption of the fat-soluble vitamins. 
D)  is not for any specific kind of fat but for enough fat to meet caloric requirements. 
E)  does not distinguish between saturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids. 
A)  would best be satisfied by supplying 30% of the calories as polyunsaturated fatty acids. 
B)  includes a requirement for cholesterol. 
C)  includes a requirement for the essential fatty acids and sufficient fat to permit absorption of the fat-soluble vitamins. 
D)  is not for any specific kind of fat but for enough fat to meet caloric requirements. 
E)  does not distinguish between saturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids.

Question 9

Which of the following is not a water-soluble vitamin?

Accepted Answer

A)  vitamin C 
B)  thiamine 
C)  riboflavin 
D)  vitamin D 
E)  vitamin B12 
A)  vitamin C 
B)  thiamine 
C)  riboflavin 
D)  vitamin D 
E)  vitamin B12

Question 10

The percentage of the total dietary protein amino acids present in the typical American diet which is actually required for body maintenance is (in an adult):

Accepted Answer

A)  5% or less 
B)  10% or less 
C)  50% or less 
D)  50 to 80% 
E)  8 to 9% 
A)  5% or less 
B)  10% or less 
C)  50% or less 
D)  50 to 80% 
E)  8 to 9%

Question 11

Which of the following hormones is released in response to low plasma calcium?

Accepted Answer

A)  Aldosterone 
B)  Calcitonin 
C)  PTH 
D)  Thyroid stimulating hormone 
E)  Thyroid hormone 
A)  Aldosterone 
B)  Calcitonin 
C)  PTH 
D)  Thyroid stimulating hormone 
E)  Thyroid hormone

Question 12

Which vitamins participate, in coenzyme form, in reactions of the tricarboxylic acid cycle?

Accepted Answer

A)  pyridoxine and thiamine 
B)  niacin and ascorbic acid 
C)  riboflavin and niacin 
D)  pantothenic acid and folic acid 
E)  thiamine and biotin 
A)  pyridoxine and thiamine 
B)  niacin and ascorbic acid 
C)  riboflavin and niacin 
D)  pantothenic acid and folic acid 
E)  thiamine and biotin

Question 13

All of the following statements concerning vitamin A are correct EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  in humans, retinol, retinal and retinoic acid are completely interconvertible 
B)  the intestinal mucosa can convert beta-carotene to retinol 
C)  retinol is transported by a specific plasma protein 
D)  a cis isomer of retinal is involved in the visual process 
E)  the liver is the main storage site for retinol and retinol esters 
A)  in humans, retinol, retinal and retinoic acid are completely interconvertible 
B)  the intestinal mucosa can convert beta-carotene to retinol 
C)  retinol is transported by a specific plasma protein 
D)  a cis isomer of retinal is involved in the visual process 
E)  the liver is the main storage site for retinol and retinol esters

Question 14

Faulty connective tissue is caused by a deficiency of

Accepted Answer

A)  Riboflavin 
B)  vitamin B 
C)  vitamin B6 
D)  vitamin C 
E)  Zinc 
A)  Riboflavin 
B)  vitamin B 
C)  vitamin B6 
D)  vitamin C 
E)  Zinc

Question 15

Because vitamin D and its derivatives in the body resemble steroids, the vitamin is handled in the same way as the steroid hormones. Select a process shared by vitamin D and the steroid hormones.

Accepted Answer

A)  They are made in special cells in tissues derived from the same embryological origin. 
B)  Their active forms are bound to intracellular receptors in their target tissues. 
C)  Their most active forms contain only one oxygen atom per molecule. 
D)  Biosynthesis is under control of a tropic hormone from the anterior pituitary. 
E)  Like vitamin D, the steroid hormones can originate in food as active molecules. 
A)  They are made in special cells in tissues derived from the same embryological origin. 
B)  Their active forms are bound to intracellular receptors in their target tissues. 
C)  Their most active forms contain only one oxygen atom per molecule. 
D)  Biosynthesis is under control of a tropic hormone from the anterior pituitary. 
E)  Like vitamin D, the steroid hormones can originate in food as active molecules.

Question 16

Many vitamin E deficiency symptoms in experimental animals can be prevented by the administration of selenium. This is because

Accepted Answer

A)  either selenium or vitamin E can function as a cofactor for glutathione peroxidase. 
B)  selenium prevents degradation of vitamin E in vivo. 
C)  selenium is a cofactor for glutathione peroxidase which, as does vitamin E, reduces intracellular hydrogen peroxide. 
D)  the conversion of vitamin E to its active form is dependent upon selenium. 
E)  the effects shown by selenium and vitamin E are, in reality, artifacts. 
A)  either selenium or vitamin E can function as a cofactor for glutathione peroxidase. 
B)  selenium prevents degradation of vitamin E in vivo. 
C)  selenium is a cofactor for glutathione peroxidase which, as does vitamin E, reduces intracellular hydrogen peroxide. 
D)  the conversion of vitamin E to its active form is dependent upon selenium. 
E)  the effects shown by selenium and vitamin E are, in reality, artifacts.

Question 17

Foods are not only sources of energy, but also serve as raw materials for the synthesis in whole or in part of bodily components. Listed below are foodstuffs and products derived from them. The list includes a pair which is NOT CORRECT. Which is the INCORRECT pair? FOODSTUFFS PRODUCTS

Accepted Answer

A)  glucose ---> pentoses 
B)  glucose ---> arachidonic acid 
C)  tyrosine ---> thyroid hormone 
D)  cholesterol ---> cortisol 
E)  glycine ---> adenine 
A)  glucose ---> pentoses 
B)  glucose ---> arachidonic acid 
C)  tyrosine ---> thyroid hormone 
D)  cholesterol ---> cortisol 
E)  glycine ---> adenine

Question 18

Which of the following vitamins can be accurately described as being a steroid hormone?

Accepted Answer

A)  vitamin A 
B)  vitamin C 
C)  vitamin D 
D)  vitamin E 
E)  vitamin K 
A)  vitamin A 
B)  vitamin C 
C)  vitamin D 
D)  vitamin E 
E)  vitamin K

Question 19

The form of vitamin A which is converted into rhodopsin in the visual cycle is:

Accepted Answer

A)  B-carotene 
B)  retinol 
C)  retinal 
D)  13-cis-retinoic acid 
E)  11-cis-retinal 
A)  B-carotene 
B)  retinol 
C)  retinal 
D)  13-cis-retinoic acid 
E)  11-cis-retinal

Question 20

What is the major source of the fiber pectin?

Accepted Answer

A)  Beans 
B)  Bran 
C)  Fruit 
D)  Oats 
E)  Whole wheat 
A)  Beans 
B)  Bran 
C)  Fruit 
D)  Oats 
E)  Whole wheat

Exam 27: Principles of Nutrition I and II

In which of the following pairs of substances does one substance enhance the intestinal absorption of the other?

The most common symptom of iron deficiency is:

The requirement for fat in the diet

The role of most vitamins in metabolism is

All of the following statements about calcium are correct EXCEPT

The most common symptom of iron deficiency is:

A positive nitrogen balance would be expected in all of the following conditions EXCEPT

The requirement for fat in the diet

Which of the following is not a water-soluble vitamin?

The percentage of the total dietary protein amino acids present in the typical American diet which is actually required for body maintenance is (in an adult):

Which of the following hormones is released in response to low plasma calcium?

Which vitamins participate, in coenzyme form, in reactions of the tricarboxylic acid cycle?

All of the following statements concerning vitamin A are correct EXCEPT

Faulty connective tissue is caused by a deficiency of

Because vitamin D and its derivatives in the body resemble steroids, the vitamin is handled in the same way as the steroid hormones. Select a process shared by vitamin D and the steroid hormones.

Many vitamin E deficiency symptoms in experimental animals can be prevented by the administration of selenium. This is because

Foods are not only sources of energy, but also serve as raw materials for the synthesis in whole or in part of bodily components. Listed below are foodstuffs and products derived from them. The list includes a pair which is NOT CORRECT. Which is the INCORRECT pair? FOODSTUFFS PRODUCTS

Which of the following vitamins can be accurately described as being a steroid hormone?

The form of vitamin A which is converted into rhodopsin in the visual cycle is:

What is the major source of the fiber pectin?

Eukaryotic Cell Structure

DNA and RNA: Composition and Structure

Protein I: Composition and Structure

DNA Replication, Recombination, and Repair

RNA: Transcription and Rna Processing

Protein Synthesis: Translation and Posttranslational Modifications

Recombinant Dna and Biotechnology

Regulation of Gene Expression

Protein II: Structure-Function Relationships in Protein Families

Enzymes: Classification, Kinetics, and Control

The Cytochromes P450 and Nitric Oxide Synthases

Biological Membranes: Structure and Membrane Transport

Fundamentals of Signal Transduction

Bioenergetics and Oxidative Metabolism

Carbohydrate Metabolism I: Major Metabolic Pathways and Their Control

Carbohydrate Metabolism II: Special Pathways and Glycoconjugates

Lipid Metabolism I: Synthesis, Storage, and Utilization of Fatty Acids and Triacylglycerols

Lipid Metabolism II: Pathways of Metabolism of Special Lipids

Amino Acid Metabolism

Purine and Pyrimidine Nucleotide Metabolism

Metabolic Interrelationships

Biochemistry of Hormones

Molecular Cell Biology

Cell Cycle, Programmed Cell Death, and Cancer

Digestion and Absorption of Basic Nutritional Constituents

Digestion and Absorption of Basic Nutritional Constituents

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