Exam 4: Infancy and Toddlerhood: Physical, Cognitive, and Language Development

According to the text, the key to developing a more accurate understanding of infants' capabilities is to develop more effective ways of understanding their behavior.

Marcy comments that her son is having a hard time shifting from being breastfed to eating a wider array of strained and solid foods. The technical term for this shift is:

The size of the human brain does not change across the lifespan; the size of one's brain at birth is the size that his or her brain will be as an adult.

The primary functions of glial cells are to:

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

Which of the following statements is the most accurate description about babbling when infants are deaf?

According to Piaget, the process of imitation requires the infant to have achieved a symbolic level of representation.

Habituation is a form of:

When 16-month-old Simon was visiting his relatives, he observed his older cousin stomp his foot to the beat of music, something Simon had never seen before. The next day, when Simon heard music on the radio, he stomped his foot to the beat. Simon's "foot stomping" behavior would best be considered an example of:

Which of the following is true regarding the visual processes of a typical newborn?

To say that a developmental process is heavily influenced by maturation means that it is heavily influenced by environmental circumstances.

Jake suffered a head injury at the age of 2. In spite of his injury, Jake was able to recover most of the abilities that he had before the injury. Which of the following terms is most directly related to Jake's ability to regain these lost functions?

According to the text, neurons in a newborn's brain have on average about __________ synapses. By age 2 or 3, the number is about __________ synapses.

If you argued that children all develop according to the same basic, biological schedule, you would be emphasizing the significance of which of the following concepts in guiding development?

An experiment was described in the text in which English and Korean babies and adults learned to distinguish between a "loose-fitting" and a "tight-fitting" cylinder and between cylinders that were placed "inside" or "on top of" each other. The results of this study were that:

Immediately after birth, newborns focus most clearly on objects that are about how far away from their face?

When a child produces a single word, such as bottle, it may mean a variety of things, such as "I want the bottle" or "there's the bottle" or "I like the bottle." This type of usage is referred to as:

Suppose you wave an attractive rattle in front of an infant. The infant reaches out to grasp the rattle, but instead you "hide" it under a pillow sitting in front of the infant. Now the infant acts as if the rattle no longer exists. This example demonstrates the concept Piaget called object permanence.

The text discusses a study of Guatemalan infants, who were poorly nourished and not provided with much opportunity for interaction with adults. These infants were also observed to learn to walk at later ages than less-deprived children from other cultures. With respect to the concept of maturation, which of the following conclusions does this study support?

Generalizing from research conducted by Karen Adolph, if you observed an 8-month-old infant and a 14-month-old infant attempt a somewhat dangerous motor task (such as climbing up a stair), which of these two infants should you expect to be more cautious and more aware of the risk?