Exam 4: Infancy and Toddlerhood: Physical, Cognitive, and Language Development

Suppose you perform an experiment in which you allow a group of babies to suck on one of two different pacifiers. Some babies sucked on the one that was smooth and round and other babies sucked on the pacifier that had ridges on it and was oblong. Later, you show both pacifiers to the babies. Generalizing from similar research reported in the text, you would expect that the babies would look:

In developing nations around the world, about 50 percent of the deaths of children under the age of 5 are associated with malnutrition.

While a carpenter was doing some remodeling in Kate's kitchen, her infant son cried from the hammering noise at first, but stopped responding to the noise after he got used to it. The son's response is best thought of as an example of:

In contrast to how scientists working in earlier decades have conceptualized the neonatal period, scientists today understand that:

In adulthood, a typical person's head is about one-tenth of the person's total body length. At birth, the head is about _________ of the newborn's total body length.

Suppose that the average weight of a 12-month-old baby is 23 pounds and 80% of 12-month-old babies weigh between 21 and 25 pounds. If the average weight of a 24-month-old baby is 33 pounds, between what weights should you expect 80% of 24-month-old babies to fall?

According to the text, the "language explosion" begins at about what age?

Breastfeeding, rather than bottle-feeding, improves infant mortality rates in:

Suppose you observe a baby focus his eyes on a rattle being held in front of him, and then he moves his arm and hand out and grasps the rattle, taking it from the person holding it. This series of actions is a good example of the visually guided reach.

The complex process by which the mind interprets sensory input is the text's definition of:

According to research presented in the text, if you compared the language acquisition patterns of children raised in poverty to those of children raised by middle-income parents, you would expect that the children raised in poverty would:

Before children can produce a complex sentence, they are likely to be able to understand complex sentences.

The way in which a newborn hears probably would be most like which of the following?

If blindness or severe visual impairment is the result of a nutritional deficiency, the most likely cause is a deficiency of:

Newborns focus best on objects at what distance?

The Neonatal Behavioral Observation system is used to assess which of the following?

Generalizing from the text's discussion of malnutrition, you should conclude the most detrimental effect of starvation or severe malnutrition is on which of the following organs or organ systems?

A common result found in studies that investigate the effects of long-term malnutrition is that children often exhibit symptoms of __________ and parents often exhibit symptoms of ___________.

The harm done to babies who are subjected to shaken baby syndrome usually results from injury to the lungs and the kidneys.

According to Piaget, a scheme is a mental structure much like a category.