Exam 4: Infancy and Toddlerhood: Physical, Cognitive, and Language Development

Suppose that your friend's child is typical. If he asks you when he should expect that his child will learn to ascend and descend stairs, you should note that most children in the United States learn to crawl up stairs at about age ___ and learn to crawl down stairs at about age ___.

The visual cliff is used to test infants':

The text describes a study in which infants were shown pictures of several different horses. Then they were shown a picture of a different horse and a picture of a different animal, such as a giraffe. What were the results of this study?

All human languages have the same basic set of sounds, or phonemes, which are arranged in various ways to form words.

Suppose you perform an experiment in which you allow a group of babies to suck on one of two different pacifiers. Some babies sucked on the one that was smooth and round and other babies sucked on the pacifier that had ridges on it and was oblong. Later, you show both pacifiers to the babies and observe how long they look at each. An experiment such as this would most likely be performed to study which of the following topics?

In Piaget's theory, the general process by which infant schemas are elaborated, modified, and developed is called:

Kwashiorkor results when a person's diet contains too little:

This term is used to describe the system of language involving phonemes, morphemes, semantics, and syntax:

Suppose you observe a researcher interacting with an infant by shaking a rattle while the baby is watching, and then placing the rattle underneath a pillow. The researcher then records whether or not the baby can find the rattle under the pillow. The concept this researcher is studying is most likely:

The leading cause of deaths in infants between the ages of 1 month and 1 year of age in the United States is:

If an infant has learned to push buttons on a toy to get it to make funny sounds, and now the toy is changed so that she must turn the buttons to the left or right to hear the sounds, the learning this requires would best be considered an example of:

Noam Chomsky's term for an innate set of mental structures that aid children in language learning is:

According to research presented in the text,, about what percent of infants in low-income families in the U.S. suffer from iron deficiency anemia?

According to Piaget, a mental category is called a:

By their 2nd birthday, typical toddlers will weigh about 8 times what they weighed at birth.

According to the text, what does the FOXP2 gene appear to do?

The process of converting information from the environment into neural impulses is called __________; the process of associating meaning with this information is called __________.

Although language development ultimately ends with the ability to produce and understand language, children raised in different cultures proceed through the stages of language development is widely varying sequences. For example, English-speaking children learn to coo before they babble, but children raised in China babble before they coo.

A child typically has a vocabulary of about 50 words at which of the following ages?

In Western nations, most mothers begin weaning their babies at about 8 to 9 months of age.