Question 1

Neighborhoods low in collective efficacy are characterized by _____ .

Accepted Answer

A)  high levels of youth aggression and antisocial conduct 
B)  services for youth that promote academic achievement 
C)  strong neighborly connections and maintenance of public order 
D)  services for youth that promote academic achievement and strong neighborly connections and maintenance of public order 
E)  all of these 
A)  high levels of youth aggression and antisocial conduct 
B)  services for youth that promote academic achievement 
C)  strong neighborly connections and maintenance of public order 
D)  services for youth that promote academic achievement and strong neighborly connections and maintenance of public order 
E)  all of these

Question 2

Sex differences in aggression may be overestimated by researchers who focus on _____ aggression and fail to consider _____ aggression, for which females are higher than males.

Accepted Answer

A)  overt; relational 
B)  overt; verbal 
C)  physical; verbal 
D)  relational; verbal 
A)  overt; relational 
B)  overt; verbal 
C)  physical; verbal 
D)  relational; verbal

Question 3

One argument against the notion that higher concentrations of male sex hormones cause people to be more aggressive is that

Accepted Answer

A)  higher concentrations of male sex hormones may be the result of successful aggression 
B)  females exposed prenatally to testosterone actually become more passive and feminine 
C)  both of these 
D)  none of these 
A)  higher concentrations of male sex hormones may be the result of successful aggression 
B)  females exposed prenatally to testosterone actually become more passive and feminine 
C)  both of these 
D)  none of these

Question 4

Compared to normal, nonvictimized classmates, most habitual victims of peer aggression _____ .

Accepted Answer

A)  are disruptive braggarts who have unrealistically high self-esteem 
B)  are quick to defend themselves or their egos 
C)  rarely invite the hostilities they receive 
D)  are disruptive braggarts who have unrealistically high self-esteem and are quick to defend themselves or their egos 
E)  none of these 
A)  are disruptive braggarts who have unrealistically high self-esteem 
B)  are quick to defend themselves or their egos 
C)  rarely invite the hostilities they receive 
D)  are disruptive braggarts who have unrealistically high self-esteem and are quick to defend themselves or their egos 
E)  none of these

Question 5

When 9- 12-year-olds are asked how boys and how girls will "get back at" or "be mean to" someone who makes them mad, they generally say that boys will _____ their adversaries whereas girls will _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  hit or insult; insult 
B)  hit or insult; undermine the adversary's social standing 
C)  undermine the adversary's social standing; hit or insult 
D)  undermine the adversary's social standing; undermine the adversary's social standing 
A)  hit or insult; insult 
B)  hit or insult; undermine the adversary's social standing 
C)  undermine the adversary's social standing; hit or insult 
D)  undermine the adversary's social standing; undermine the adversary's social standing

Question 6

Hostile aggression

Accepted Answer

A)  refers to harm done as a means to a nonaggressive end 
B)  refers to aggressive acts in which the perpetrator's primary objective is to harm or injure the victim 
C)  is rarely seen among children older than 5 or 6 
D)  refers to harm done as a means to a nonaggressive end and is rarely seen among children older than 5 or 6 
E)  refers to aggressive acts in which the perpetrator's primary objective is to harm or injure the victim and is rarely seen among children older than 5 or 6 
A)  refers to harm done as a means to a nonaggressive end 
B)  refers to aggressive acts in which the perpetrator's primary objective is to harm or injure the victim 
C)  is rarely seen among children older than 5 or 6 
D)  refers to harm done as a means to a nonaggressive end and is rarely seen among children older than 5 or 6 
E)  refers to aggressive acts in which the perpetrator's primary objective is to harm or injure the victim and is rarely seen among children older than 5 or 6

Question 7

Children are most likely to be negatively affected by heightened parental conflict

Accepted Answer

A)  when one parent consistently wins these battles, thereby showing that aggression pays off 
B)  when angered parents withdraw from one another and complain to their children about the other parent's unreasonable behavior 
C)  when angered parents withdraw from one another and become emotionally unavailable to their children 
D)  when parents resolve conflicts in ways that neither parent is happy with 
A)  when one parent consistently wins these battles, thereby showing that aggression pays off 
B)  when angered parents withdraw from one another and complain to their children about the other parent's unreasonable behavior 
C)  when angered parents withdraw from one another and become emotionally unavailable to their children 
D)  when parents resolve conflicts in ways that neither parent is happy with

Question 8

Dodge has identified a hostile attributional bias that reactive aggressors display. In accord with the hostile attributional bias, reactive aggressors are likely to _____ hostile intent to a harmdoer when _____ .

Accepted Answer

A)  overattribute; the harmdoer's intent is ambiguous 
B)  underattribute; the harmdoer's intent is benign 
C)  overattribute; the harmdoer's intent is hostile 
D)  none of these 
A)  overattribute; the harmdoer's intent is ambiguous 
B)  underattribute; the harmdoer's intent is benign 
C)  overattribute; the harmdoer's intent is hostile 
D)  none of these

Question 9

Compared with nonaggressive children, reactive aggressors are more likely to

Accepted Answer

A)  believe that they can enhance their self-esteem by dominating other children 
B)  have high levels of self-confidence 
C)  believe that other people are adversaries and, thus, are quick to attribute hostile intent to them 
D)  all of these 
A)  believe that they can enhance their self-esteem by dominating other children 
B)  have high levels of self-confidence 
C)  believe that other people are adversaries and, thus, are quick to attribute hostile intent to them 
D)  all of these

Question 10

Recent attempts to eliminate aggression and violence in our schools could be soundly criticized for

Accepted Answer

A)  taking away from class time and undermining academic achievement 
B)  displaying only short-term benefits lasting less than a few weeks 
C)  their fostering of covert, prejudicial attitudes 
D)  displaying only short-term benefits lasting less than a few weeks and their fostering of covert, prejudicial attitudes 
E)  none of these 
A)  taking away from class time and undermining academic achievement 
B)  displaying only short-term benefits lasting less than a few weeks 
C)  their fostering of covert, prejudicial attitudes 
D)  displaying only short-term benefits lasting less than a few weeks and their fostering of covert, prejudicial attitudes 
E)  none of these

Question 11

Compared to groups of 1-year-olds, 2-year-olds fight _____ with peers in conflicts over toys, particularly when _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  more; they are boys 
B)  more; toys are in short supply 
C)  less; they are girls 
D)  less; adults intervene and suggest prosocial means of conflict resolution 
A)  more; they are boys 
B)  more; toys are in short supply 
C)  less; they are girls 
D)  less; adults intervene and suggest prosocial means of conflict resolution

Question 12

A recent study on parenting and childhood aggression in China (Nelson et al., 2006) implies that

Accepted Answer

A)  coercion need not be physical to promote aggressive behaviors 
B)  pathways to aggression may differ for boys and girls 
C)  both of these 
D)  none of these 
A)  coercion need not be physical to promote aggressive behaviors 
B)  pathways to aggression may differ for boys and girls 
C)  both of these 
D)  none of these

Question 13

Joe is a hot-head who is inclined to lash out whenever peers criticize him. Developmentalists would probably classify Joe as _____ .

Accepted Answer

A)  a retaliatory aggressor 
B)  a proactive aggressor 
C)  a reactive aggressor 
D)  a member of a deviant peer clique 
A)  a retaliatory aggressor 
B)  a proactive aggressor 
C)  a reactive aggressor 
D)  a member of a deviant peer clique

Question 14

If parents hoped to raise children who are not particularly aggressive, they might

Accepted Answer

A)  carefully monitor the child's activities and choice of friends 
B)  use forceful means to restrain the child's aggressive antics 
C)  occasionally argue in front of the children so that their youngsters will see just how silly and counterproductive aggression can be 
D)  punish aggression erratically so the child can never be certain when he or she can "get away with" a hostile act 
A)  carefully monitor the child's activities and choice of friends 
B)  use forceful means to restrain the child's aggressive antics 
C)  occasionally argue in front of the children so that their youngsters will see just how silly and counterproductive aggression can be 
D)  punish aggression erratically so the child can never be certain when he or she can "get away with" a hostile act

Question 15

Ethologists can agree with _____ that aggression stems from instinctual impulses and often qualifies as _____ .

Accepted Answer

A)  Freud; an adaptive response 
B)  contemporary psychoanalysts; a self-destructive response 
C)  Freud; a self-destructive response 
D)  contemporary psychoanalysts; an adaptive response 
A)  Freud; an adaptive response 
B)  contemporary psychoanalysts; a self-destructive response 
C)  Freud; a self-destructive response 
D)  contemporary psychoanalysts; an adaptive response

Question 16

Studies of children's aggression during the preschool period reveal that _____ .

Accepted Answer

A)  unfocused temper tantrums become increasingly common after age 4 
B)  the incidence of forceful, oppositional and hence, aggressive behaviors peaks between ages 2 and 3 and very gradually declines thereafter 
C)  children's tendencies to retaliate after provocations declines dramatically after age 3 
D)  none of these 
A)  unfocused temper tantrums become increasingly common after age 4 
B)  the incidence of forceful, oppositional and hence, aggressive behaviors peaks between ages 2 and 3 and very gradually declines thereafter 
C)  children's tendencies to retaliate after provocations declines dramatically after age 3 
D)  none of these

Question 17

Chronic victims may find it difficult to make friendships that might protect them from being victimized because

Accepted Answer

A)  they lack social skills 
B)  other children may avoid them for fear of losing social status 
C)  other children may avoid them for fear of being victimized themselves 
D)  they lack social skills and other children may avoid them for fear of losing social status 
E)  all of these 
A)  they lack social skills 
B)  other children may avoid them for fear of losing social status 
C)  other children may avoid them for fear of being victimized themselves 
D)  they lack social skills and other children may avoid them for fear of losing social status 
E)  all of these

Question 18

Kuo's (1930) experiment with cats that were raised with rats is important because it clearly demonstrates that

Accepted Answer

A)  rat-killing by cats is an instinctive pattern of behavior 
B)  social-learning experiences, such as exposure to a rat-killing mother, have little effect on kittens' tendencies to kill rats 
C)  prior social experiences have dramatic effects on kittens' tendencies to-kill rats 
D)  rat-killing by cats is an instinctive pattern of behavior and social-learning experiences, such as exposure to a rat-killing mother, have little effect on kittens' tendencies to kill rats 
E)  none of these 
A)  rat-killing by cats is an instinctive pattern of behavior 
B)  social-learning experiences, such as exposure to a rat-killing mother, have little effect on kittens' tendencies to kill rats 
C)  prior social experiences have dramatic effects on kittens' tendencies to-kill rats 
D)  rat-killing by cats is an instinctive pattern of behavior and social-learning experiences, such as exposure to a rat-killing mother, have little effect on kittens' tendencies to kill rats 
E)  none of these

Question 19

What cautions must we consider in interpreting data suggesting an association between levels of male sex hormones and aggressive behaviors?

Accepted Answer

When interpreting data suggesting an ass

Question 20

Bandura's social-learning theory was the first model to stress the role of _____ in promoting human aggression.

Accepted Answer

A)  anger 
B)  instincts 
C)  aggressive cues 
D)  cognitive processes 
A)  anger 
B)  instincts 
C)  aggressive cues 
D)  cognitive processes

Neighborhoods low in collective efficacy are characterized by _____ .

Sex differences in aggression may be overestimated by researchers who focus on _ aggression and fail to consider _ aggression, for which females are higher than males.

One argument against the notion that higher concentrations of male sex hormones cause people to be more aggressive is that

Compared to normal, nonvictimized classmates, most habitual victims of peer aggression _____ .

When 9- 12-year-olds are asked how boys and how girls will "get back at" or "be mean to" someone who makes them mad, they generally say that boys will _ their adversaries whereas girls will _.

Hostile aggression

Children are most likely to be negatively affected by heightened parental conflict

Dodge has identified a hostile attributional bias that reactive aggressors display. In accord with the hostile attributional bias, reactive aggressors are likely to _ hostile intent to a harmdoer when _ .

Compared with nonaggressive children, reactive aggressors are more likely to

Recent attempts to eliminate aggression and violence in our schools could be soundly criticized for

Compared to groups of 1-year-olds, 2-year-olds fight _ with peers in conflicts over toys, particularly when _.

A recent study on parenting and childhood aggression in China (Nelson et al., 2006) implies that

Joe is a hot-head who is inclined to lash out whenever peers criticize him. Developmentalists would probably classify Joe as _____ .

If parents hoped to raise children who are not particularly aggressive, they might

Ethologists can agree with _ that aggression stems from instinctual impulses and often qualifies as _ .

Studies of children's aggression during the preschool period reveal that _____ .

Chronic victims may find it difficult to make friendships that might protect them from being victimized because

Kuo's (1930) experiment with cats that were raised with rats is important because it clearly demonstrates that

What cautions must we consider in interpreting data suggesting an association between levels of male sex hormones and aggressive behaviors?

Bandura's social-learning theory was the first model to stress the role of _____ in promoting human aggression.

Introduction

Classical Theories of Social and Personality Development

Recent Perspectives on Social and Personality Development

Emotional Development and Temperament

Establishment of Intimate Relationships and Their Implications for Future Development

Development of the Self and Social Cognition

Achievement

Sex Differences, Gender Role Development and Sexuality

Altruism and Moral Development

The Family

Extrafamilial Influences I: Television, Computers and Schooling

Extrafamilial Influences Ii: Peers As Socialization Agents

Epilogue: Putting the Pieces Together

Filters

Exam 9: Aggression and Antisocial Conduct

Neighborhoods low in collective efficacy are characterized by _____ .

Sex differences in aggression may be overestimated by researchers who focus on _____ aggression and fail to consider _____ aggression, for which females are higher than males.

One argument against the notion that higher concentrations of male sex hormones cause people to be more aggressive is that

Compared to normal, nonvictimized classmates, most habitual victims of peer aggression _____ .

When 9- 12-year-olds are asked how boys and how girls will "get back at" or "be mean to" someone who makes them mad, they generally say that boys will _____ their adversaries whereas girls will _____.

Hostile aggression

Children are most likely to be negatively affected by heightened parental conflict

Dodge has identified a hostile attributional bias that reactive aggressors display. In accord with the hostile attributional bias, reactive aggressors are likely to _____ hostile intent to a harmdoer when _____ .

Compared with nonaggressive children, reactive aggressors are more likely to

Recent attempts to eliminate aggression and violence in our schools could be soundly criticized for

Compared to groups of 1-year-olds, 2-year-olds fight _____ with peers in conflicts over toys, particularly when _____.

A recent study on parenting and childhood aggression in China (Nelson et al., 2006) implies that

Joe is a hot-head who is inclined to lash out whenever peers criticize him. Developmentalists would probably classify Joe as _____ .

If parents hoped to raise children who are not particularly aggressive, they might

Ethologists can agree with _____ that aggression stems from instinctual impulses and often qualifies as _____ .

Studies of children's aggression during the preschool period reveal that _____ .

Chronic victims may find it difficult to make friendships that might protect them from being victimized because

Kuo's (1930) experiment with cats that were raised with rats is important because it clearly demonstrates that

What cautions must we consider in interpreting data suggesting an association between levels of male sex hormones and aggressive behaviors?

Bandura's social-learning theory was the first model to stress the role of _____ in promoting human aggression.

Introduction

Classical Theories of Social and Personality Development

Recent Perspectives on Social and Personality Development

Emotional Development and Temperament

Establishment of Intimate Relationships and Their Implications for Future Development

Development of the Self and Social Cognition

Achievement

Sex Differences, Gender Role Development and Sexuality

Altruism and Moral Development

The Family

Extrafamilial Influences I: Television, Computers and Schooling

Extrafamilial Influences Ii: Peers As Socialization Agents

Epilogue: Putting the Pieces Together

Filters

Sex differences in aggression may be overestimated by researchers who focus on _ aggression and fail to consider _ aggression, for which females are higher than males.

When 9- 12-year-olds are asked how boys and how girls will "get back at" or "be mean to" someone who makes them mad, they generally say that boys will _ their adversaries whereas girls will _.

Dodge has identified a hostile attributional bias that reactive aggressors display. In accord with the hostile attributional bias, reactive aggressors are likely to _ hostile intent to a harmdoer when _ .

Compared to groups of 1-year-olds, 2-year-olds fight _ with peers in conflicts over toys, particularly when _.

Ethologists can agree with _ that aggression stems from instinctual impulses and often qualifies as _ .