Chat with AIExam 3: Ethical Considerations and Guidelines
How can a researcher satisfy the ethical principle of respect for persons and their autonomy?
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Answered by Examlex AI CopilotA researcher can satisfy the ethical principle of respect for persons and their autonomy by adhering to several key practices that honor the dignity, rights, and self-determination of all individuals involved in the research. Here are some ways to ensure this principle is upheld:
1. **Informed Consent**: Obtain informed consent from all participants. This means providing clear, understandable information about the research, what participation involves, any potential risks and benefits, and the voluntary nature of their involvement. Participants should have the opportunity to ask questions and should not be coerced or unduly influenced to participate.
2. **Transparency**: Be transparent about the aims, methods, and intended use of the research. Participants should be aware of how their data will be used and how their confidentiality will be protected.
3. **Confidentiality and Privacy**: Protect the privacy and confidentiality of participants. This involves secure handling of data, ensuring that personal information is not disclosed without consent, and that identifiers are removed from data whenever possible.
4. **Capacity and Voluntariness**: Assess the capacity of participants to give consent. Special considerations should be made for individuals with diminished autonomy, such as children, individuals with cognitive impairments, or those in dependent situations. In such cases, consent should be obtained from a legally authorized representative, and assent from the participant when possible.
5. **Respect for Withdrawal**: Respect the right of participants to withdraw from the study at any time without penalty. This should be clearly communicated to participants, and their decision to withdraw should be respected without question.
6. **Cultural Sensitivity**: Show respect for cultural differences and ensure that the research practices are culturally appropriate and sensitive to the populations being studied.
7. **Beneficence and Nonmaleficence**: Ensure that the research design and conduct aim to maximize potential benefits and minimize possible harms to participants. This includes careful risk-benefit analysis and implementing safeguards to protect participants.
8. **Debriefing**: Provide a debriefing to participants after their involvement in the research, especially if the study involved deception. This debriefing should clarify the nature of the study and why deception was necessary, and it should address any potential misconceptions or concerns.
9. **Empowerment**: Whenever possible, empower participants by involving them in the research process, such as in the design of the study or in the dissemination of results.
10. **Accountability**: Researchers should be accountable for their actions and decisions, and they should be prepared to explain and justify their research practices to oversight bodies, such as Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) or Ethics Committees.
By integrating these practices into their research, researchers can demonstrate respect for the autonomy and personhood of their participants, thereby upholding the ethical principle of respect for persons.
Milgram's experiments are considered controversial because of his use of
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VerifiedA
The deliberate misleading of research participants is called __________ deception.
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The desire to maximize the benefits of one's study is central to which ethical principle?
(39) An informed consent form typically contains a description of all but one of the following:
(40) Revealing the true nature of the research study as well as the necessity for the use of deception is part of a procedure known as
(32) Why is it necessary to debrief research participants? How should this debriefing be conducted when the use of deception has occurred?
(34) Describe how an institutional review board ideally should evaluate a research proposal that has been submitted for ethical approval.
(36) If a researcher wants to employ the use of deception, the researcher must __________ participants upon completion of the study.
(32) To help participants respond in a more open and honest manner to a survey, the researcher should describe the procedures he will use to ensure the __________ of the participants' responses.
(29) Why should a researcher consider not only the ethical issues involved with conducting a study but also the ethical issues involved with not conducting that study?
(38) Nicole informs research participants that they had either performed well or performed poorly on a simple cognitive test regardless of the participants' actual performance on the test. Nicole is employing the use of __________ deception in her study.
(41) The rationale for using animals in research is based on the assumption that
(42) Research participants in Dr. Lane's study are confident that she will maintain the confidentiality of their research disclosures. Which ethical principle is Dr. Lane upholding?
(40) Why is deception sometimes employed in research involving humans? Describe the two ways that a researcher may deceive research participants.
(29) While developing a research proposal, Dr. Smith is debating whether he is justified in deliberately misleading research participants as part of his empirical strategy. Dr. Smith is concerned with the __________ of his research approach.
(37) Sometimes informed consent of research participants is not necessary because it would be __________ for the researcher to obtain.
(42) Issues of plagiarism are relevant to which ethical principle?
(27) One limitation to how institutional review boards evaluate research proposals is that they may focus mainly on the costs and benefits of __________ research while overlooking the costs of __________ research.
(31) A researcher knowingly and willingly falsifies his data in order to improve the likelihood that his study will be published in a professional journal. Which ethical principle does this violate?
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