Exam 16: Parasitism and Mutualism

After infection occurs,the second line of defense for a host against a parasite,which is elicited when a foreign object,such as a virus or bacterium,enters the bloodstream,is referred to as a(n)________ response.

Some parasitic plants are spread from one plant to another by direct transmission.

Plant parasites that are photosynthetic but draw water and nutrients from their host plant are referred to as

A host species that harbors a developmental stage of a parasite,but in which the parasite does not reach maturity,is referred to as a(n)________ host.

The most debilitating external parasites of birds and mammals are spread by

Which of the following is an ectoparasite?

A lichen consists of a(n)________ and an alga (or,in some cases,a cyanobacterium).

Which of the following is a macroparasite?

A relationship between two species in which both species benefit is called ________.

The intimate and protracted association between two or more organisms of different species is referred to as

A major problem for parasites is gaining access to and escaping from the host.

In mutualism,the interaction between two species is more often a reciprocal exploitation than a cooperative effort between individuals.

When infected by a parasite,an animal typically

The outcome of an infection is called a(n)________.

Which of the following mutualisms is a cleaning mutualism in which one species removes ectoparasites from another?

The mutualistic fungi that can live within the roots of certain plants are called ________.

Nectar is often produced by plants as an enticement or reward for pollinating animals.

A foreign object,such as a virus or bacterium,entering the bloodstream of a host and stimulating the production of antibodies is referred to as