Question 1

Which of the following cells transport sugars over long distances?

Accepted Answer

A)  parenchyma cells 
B)  sclerenchyma cells 
C)  tracheids and vessel elements 
D)  sieve-tube elements 
A)  parenchyma cells 
B)  sclerenchyma cells 
C)  tracheids and vessel elements 
D)  sieve-tube elements D

Question 2

Totipotency is a term used to describe a cell's ability to give rise to a complete new organism. In plants, this means that ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  plant development is not under genetic control 
B)  the cells of shoots and the cells of roots have different genes 
C)  cell differentiation depends largely on the control of gene expression 
D)  a cell's environment has no effect on its differentiation 
A)  plant development is not under genetic control 
B)  the cells of shoots and the cells of roots have different genes 
C)  cell differentiation depends largely on the control of gene expression 
D)  a cell's environment has no effect on its differentiation C

Question 3

Of the following plants, which stem has scattered vascular bundles?

Accepted Answer

A)  corn 
B)  magnolia 
C)  chrysanthemum 
D)  hibiscus 
A)  corn 
B)  magnolia 
C)  chrysanthemum 
D)  hibiscus A

Question 4

Mitotic activity by the apical meristem of a root makes which of the following more possible?

Accepted Answer

A)  increased delivery of water to the aboveground stem 
B)  decreased absorption of mineral nutrients 
C)  increased absorption of carbon dioxide 
D)  effective lateral growth of the stem 
A)  increased delivery of water to the aboveground stem 
B)  decreased absorption of mineral nutrients 
C)  increased absorption of carbon dioxide 
D)  effective lateral growth of the stem

Question 5

The phase change of an apical meristem from the juvenile to the mature vegetative phase is often revealed by

Accepted Answer

A)  a change in the morphology of the leaves produced. 
B)  the initiation of secondary growth. 
C)  the formation of lateral roots. 
D)  the activation of floral meristem identity genes. 
A)  a change in the morphology of the leaves produced. 
B)  the initiation of secondary growth. 
C)  the formation of lateral roots. 
D)  the activation of floral meristem identity genes.

Question 6

A plant that grows one year, dies back, and then grows again the following year, produces flowers, and then dies would be considered ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  annual 
B)  biennial 
C)  perennial 
D)  not very fit 
A)  annual 
B)  biennial 
C)  perennial 
D)  not very fit

Question 7

Which of the following arise(s), directly or indirectly, from meristematic activity?

Accepted Answer

A)  secondary xylem 
B)  leaves 
C)  dermal tissue 
D)  all of the above 
A)  secondary xylem 
B)  leaves 
C)  dermal tissue 
D)  all of the above

Question 8

Growth and development of plant parts involves ________.
I. cell division to produce new cells
II. enlargement and elongation of cells
III. specialisation of cells into tissues

Accepted Answer

A)  only I 
B)  only II 
C)  only III 
D)  I, II, and III 
A)  only I 
B)  only II 
C)  only III 
D)  I, II, and III

Question 9

A lateral root originates in the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  pericycle 
B)  cortex 
C)  endodermis 
D)  epidermis 
A)  pericycle 
B)  cortex 
C)  endodermis 
D)  epidermis

Question 10

The following question is based on the drawings of root or stem cross-sections shown in the figure.  
-Refer to the figure. A plant that is at least three years old is represented by ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  I only 
B)  II only 
C)  III only 
D)  IV only 
A)  I only 
B)  II only 
C)  III only 
D)  IV only

Question 11

Which of the following are water-conducting cells that are dead at functional maturity?

Accepted Answer

A)  parenchyma cells 
B)  collenchyma cells 
C)  tracheids and vessel elements 
D)  sieve-tube elements 
A)  parenchyma cells 
B)  collenchyma cells 
C)  tracheids and vessel elements 
D)  sieve-tube elements

Question 12

Which of the following would not be seen in a cross-section through the woody part of a root?

Accepted Answer

A)  sclerenchyma cells 
B)  parenchyma cells 
C)  sieve-tube elements 
D)  root hairs 
A)  sclerenchyma cells 
B)  parenchyma cells 
C)  sieve-tube elements 
D)  root hairs

Question 13

Compared to most animals, the growth of most plant structure is best described as ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  perennial 
B)  weedy 
C)  indeterminate 
D)  primary 
A)  perennial 
B)  weedy 
C)  indeterminate 
D)  primary

Question 14

Additional vascular tissue produced as secondary growth in a root originates from which cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  vascular cambium 
B)  apical meristem 
C)  endodermis 
D)  xylem 
A)  vascular cambium 
B)  apical meristem 
C)  endodermis 
D)  xylem

Question 15

Apical meristems of dicots are at the tips of stems. Apical meristems of grasses are at ground level or slightly below, concealed by the leaves. What does this mean when considering care of a lawn or football field?

Accepted Answer

A)  If you mow right at ground level, the leaves can keep growing with no problem. 
B)  Grass mowed four centimetres above ground level grows at a slower rate compared to grass mowed six centimetres above the ground level. 
C)  If you mow four centimetres above ground level, most apical meristems will be cut down. 
D)  If you mow four centimetres above ground level, the apical meristem can keep producing new cells. 
A)  If you mow right at ground level, the leaves can keep growing with no problem. 
B)  Grass mowed four centimetres above ground level grows at a slower rate compared to grass mowed six centimetres above the ground level. 
C)  If you mow four centimetres above ground level, most apical meristems will be cut down. 
D)  If you mow four centimetres above ground level, the apical meristem can keep producing new cells.

Question 16

A student examining leaf cross-sections under a microscope finds many loosely packed cells with relatively thin cell walls. The cells have numerous chloroplasts. What type of cells are they?

Accepted Answer

A)  parenchyma 
B)  endodermis 
C)  collenchyma 
D)  sclerenchyma 
A)  parenchyma 
B)  endodermis 
C)  collenchyma 
D)  sclerenchyma

Question 17

One important difference between the anatomy of roots and the anatomy of leaves is that ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  only leaves have phloem and only roots have xylem 
B)  root cells have cell walls and leaf cells do not 
C)  a waxy cuticle covers leaves but is absent from roots 
D)  vascular tissue is found in roots but is absent from leaves 
E)  leaves have epidermal tissue but roots do not 
A)  only leaves have phloem and only roots have xylem 
B)  root cells have cell walls and leaf cells do not 
C)  a waxy cuticle covers leaves but is absent from roots 
D)  vascular tissue is found in roots but is absent from leaves 
E)  leaves have epidermal tissue but roots do not

Question 18

The driving force that pushes the root tip through the soil is primarily ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  continuous cell division in the root cap at the tip of the root 
B)  continuous cell division just behind the root cap in the centre of the apical meristem 
C)  elongation of cells behind the root apical meristem 
D)  continuous cell division of root cap cells 
A)  continuous cell division in the root cap at the tip of the root 
B)  continuous cell division just behind the root cap in the centre of the apical meristem 
C)  elongation of cells behind the root apical meristem 
D)  continuous cell division of root cap cells

Question 19

The secondary mesophyll of leaves is made up of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  parenchyma tissue 
B)  collenchyma tissue 
C)  sclerenchyma tissue 
D)  parenchyma and collenchyma tissues 
A)  parenchyma tissue 
B)  collenchyma tissue 
C)  sclerenchyma tissue 
D)  parenchyma and collenchyma tissues

Question 20

The vascular bundle in the shape of a single central cylinder in a root is called the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  cortex 
B)  stele 
C)  periderm 
D)  pith 
A)  cortex 
B)  stele 
C)  periderm 
D)  pith

Exam 35: Vascular Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Which of the following cells transport sugars over long distances?

Totipotency is a term used to describe a cell's ability to give rise to a complete new organism. In plants, this means that ________.

Of the following plants, which stem has scattered vascular bundles?

Mitotic activity by the apical meristem of a root makes which of the following more possible?

The phase change of an apical meristem from the juvenile to the mature vegetative phase is often revealed by

A plant that grows one year, dies back, and then grows again the following year, produces flowers, and then dies would be considered ________.

Which of the following arise(s), directly or indirectly, from meristematic activity?

Growth and development of plant parts involves ________. I. cell division to produce new cells II. enlargement and elongation of cells III. specialisation of cells into tissues

A lateral root originates in the ________.

The following question is based on the drawings of root or stem cross-sections shown in the figure. -Refer to the figure. A plant that is at least three years old is represented by ________.

Which of the following are water-conducting cells that are dead at functional maturity?

Which of the following would not be seen in a cross-section through the woody part of a root?

Compared to most animals, the growth of most plant structure is best described as ________.

Additional vascular tissue produced as secondary growth in a root originates from which cells?

Apical meristems of dicots are at the tips of stems. Apical meristems of grasses are at ground level or slightly below, concealed by the leaves. What does this mean when considering care of a lawn or football field?

A student examining leaf cross-sections under a microscope finds many loosely packed cells with relatively thin cell walls. The cells have numerous chloroplasts. What type of cells are they?

One important difference between the anatomy of roots and the anatomy of leaves is that ________.

The driving force that pushes the root tip through the soil is primarily ________.

The secondary mesophyll of leaves is made up of ________.

The vascular bundle in the shape of a single central cylinder in a root is called the ________.

Evolution, the Themes of Biology, and Scientific Inquiry

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

Dna Tools and Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification: a Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonised Land

Plant Diversity Ii: the Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signalling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

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