Question 1

Evolutionary adaptations that help some animals directly exchange matter between the cells of their body and the environment include ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  a gastrovascular cavity, a two-layered body, and a torpedo-like body shape 
B)  an external respiratory surface, a small body size, and a two-cell-layered body 
C)  a large body volume, a long, tubular body, and a set of wings 
D)  an unbranched internal surface, a small body size, and thick covering 
A)  a gastrovascular cavity, a two-layered body, and a torpedo-like body shape 
B)  an external respiratory surface, a small body size, and a two-cell-layered body 
C)  a large body volume, a long, tubular body, and a set of wings 
D)  an unbranched internal surface, a small body size, and thick covering B

Question 2

A woman standing and watching the stars on a cool, calm night will lose most of her body heat by ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  radiation 
B)  convection 
C)  conduction 
D)  evaporation 
A)  radiation 
B)  convection 
C)  conduction 
D)  evaporation A

Question 3

When the body's blood glucose level rises, the pancreas secretes insulin and, as a result, the blood glucose level declines. When the blood glucose level is low, the pancreas secretes glucagon and, as a result, the blood glucose level rises. Such regulation of the blood glucose level is the result of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  catalytic feedback 
B)  positive feedback 
C)  negative feedback 
D)  protein-protein interactions 
A)  catalytic feedback 
B)  positive feedback 
C)  negative feedback 
D)  protein-protein interactions C

Question 4

To prepare flight muscles for use on a cool morning, hawkmoths ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  relax the muscles completely until after they launch themselves into the air 
B)  decrease their standard metabolic rate 
C)  rapidly contract and relax these muscles to generate metabolic warmth 
D)  reduce the metabolic rate of the muscles to rest them before flight 
A)  relax the muscles completely until after they launch themselves into the air 
B)  decrease their standard metabolic rate 
C)  rapidly contract and relax these muscles to generate metabolic warmth 
D)  reduce the metabolic rate of the muscles to rest them before flight

Question 5

Connective tissues typically have ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  little space between the membranes of adjacent cells 
B)  the ability to transmit electrochemical impulses 
C)  the ability to shorten upon stimulation 
D)  relatively few cells and a large amount of extracellular matrix 
A)  little space between the membranes of adjacent cells 
B)  the ability to transmit electrochemical impulses 
C)  the ability to shorten upon stimulation 
D)  relatively few cells and a large amount of extracellular matrix

Question 6

-The thin horizontal arrows in the figure above show that the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  warmer arterial blood can bypass the legs as needed, when the legs are too cold to function well 
B)  warmer venous blood transfers heat to the cooler arterial blood 
C)  warmer arterial blood transfers heat to the cooler venous blood 
D)  arterial blood is always cooler in the abdomen, compared to the temperature of the venous blood in the feet of the goose 
A)  warmer arterial blood can bypass the legs as needed, when the legs are too cold to function well 
B)  warmer venous blood transfers heat to the cooler arterial blood 
C)  warmer arterial blood transfers heat to the cooler venous blood 
D)  arterial blood is always cooler in the abdomen, compared to the temperature of the venous blood in the feet of the goose

Question 7

What can you determine from the graph?

Accepted Answer

A)  A smaller animal would consume less food per gram of tissue. 
B)  An animal with a larger mass has a lower metabolic rate per gram of tissue relative to an animal with smaller mass. 
C)  An elephant uses more energy than a shrew. 
D)  A shrew uses more energy than an elephant. 
A)  A smaller animal would consume less food per gram of tissue. 
B)  An animal with a larger mass has a lower metabolic rate per gram of tissue relative to an animal with smaller mass. 
C)  An elephant uses more energy than a shrew. 
D)  A shrew uses more energy than an elephant.

Question 8

In many animals, fat is stored in specialised cells in the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  bone 
B)  muscle 
C)  adipose tissue 
D)  blood 
A)  bone 
B)  muscle 
C)  adipose tissue 
D)  blood

Question 9

The body tissue that consists largely of material located outside of cells is

Accepted Answer

A)  epithelial tissue. 
B)  connective tissue. 
C)  muscle tissue. 
D)  nervous tissue. 
A)  epithelial tissue. 
B)  connective tissue. 
C)  muscle tissue. 
D)  nervous tissue.

Question 10

Interstitial fluid is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the internal environment inside animal cells 
B)  identical to blood in composition 
C)  a site of exchange between blood and body cells 
D)  found only in the lumen of the small intestine 
A)  the internal environment inside animal cells 
B)  identical to blood in composition 
C)  a site of exchange between blood and body cells 
D)  found only in the lumen of the small intestine

Question 11

The metamorphosis of a tadpole to an adult frog involves a thorough reconstruction of the animal's body. All of the structural and physiological changes must be complete or the frog will not survive this transformation. Which type of regulation would ensure that the animal completed its transformation?

Accepted Answer

A)  positive feedback 
B)  negative feedback 
C)  feedback inhibition 
D)  enzymatic catalysis 
A)  positive feedback 
B)  negative feedback 
C)  feedback inhibition 
D)  enzymatic catalysis

Question 12

Snake behaviour in New South Wales changes throughout the year. For example, a snake is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  less active in winter because the food supply is decreased 
B)  less active in winter because it does not need to avoid predators 
C)  more active in summer because that is the period for mating 
D)  more active in summer because it can gain body heat by conduction 
A)  less active in winter because the food supply is decreased 
B)  less active in winter because it does not need to avoid predators 
C)  more active in summer because that is the period for mating 
D)  more active in summer because it can gain body heat by conduction

Question 13

Bone consists of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  a mixture of hardened collagen and minerals. 
B)  chondroitin sulphate secreted by chondrocytes. 
C)  many columnar epithelial cells packed together. 
D)  hardened fibrous connective tissue. 
A)  a mixture of hardened collagen and minerals. 
B)  chondroitin sulphate secreted by chondrocytes. 
C)  many columnar epithelial cells packed together. 
D)  hardened fibrous connective tissue.

Question 14

Which of the following animals uses the largest percentage of its energy budget for homeostatic regulation?

Accepted Answer

A)  marine jelly (an invertebrate) 
B)  snake in a temperate forest 
C)  desert insect 
D)  desert bird 
A)  marine jelly (an invertebrate) 
B)  snake in a temperate forest 
C)  desert insect 
D)  desert bird

Question 15

All types of muscle tissue have ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  striated banding patterns seen under the microscope 
B)  cells that lengthen when appropriately stimulated 
C)  a response that can be consciously controlled 
D)  interactions between actin and myosin 
A)  striated banding patterns seen under the microscope 
B)  cells that lengthen when appropriately stimulated 
C)  a response that can be consciously controlled 
D)  interactions between actin and myosin

Question 16

Generally, epithelial cell layers are responsible for separating two fluids. For example, the epithelium of blood vessels in animals separates the blood from the interstitial fluid. What characteristic would you expect to see in an epithelium that was specialised for passive diffusion of materials from one fluid to another?

Accepted Answer

A)  a single layer of flattened cells 
B)  many layers of cells stacked together 
C)  large, cube-shaped cells 
D)  loosely connected cells surrounded by an extracellular matrix 
A)  a single layer of flattened cells 
B)  many layers of cells stacked together 
C)  large, cube-shaped cells 
D)  loosely connected cells surrounded by an extracellular matrix

Question 17

What would be an advantage for an animal that conforms to a changing environmental condition, such as temperature?

Accepted Answer

A)  The animal's internal temperature would remain constant, even though the external temperature had changed. 
B)  The animal's internal temperature would change opposite to the change in the external temperature. 
C)  The animal would spend more time looking for food. 
D)  The animal would spend less energy regulating its internal temperature. 
A)  The animal's internal temperature would remain constant, even though the external temperature had changed. 
B)  The animal's internal temperature would change opposite to the change in the external temperature. 
C)  The animal would spend more time looking for food. 
D)  The animal would spend less energy regulating its internal temperature.

Question 18

If a person were to travel to a time zone that was several hours ahead of their own, they may experience tiredness known as "jet lag". Jet lag is due to a disruption of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  homeostasis 
B)  circadian rhythm 
C)  body temperature 
D)  nerve impulses 
A)  homeostasis 
B)  circadian rhythm 
C)  body temperature 
D)  nerve impulses

Question 19

Blood is best classified as connective tissue because ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  its cells are separated from each other by an extracellular matrix 
B)  it contains more than one type of cell 
C)  its cells can move from place-to-place 
D)  it is found within all the organs of the body 
A)  its cells are separated from each other by an extracellular matrix 
B)  it contains more than one type of cell 
C)  its cells can move from place-to-place 
D)  it is found within all the organs of the body

Question 20

Most of the exchange surfaces of multicellular animals are lined with ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  connective tissue 
B)  smooth muscle cells 
C)  neural tissue 
D)  epithelial tissue 
A)  connective tissue 
B)  smooth muscle cells 
C)  neural tissue 
D)  epithelial tissue

Exam 40: Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Evolutionary adaptations that help some animals directly exchange matter between the cells of their body and the environment include ________.

A woman standing and watching the stars on a cool, calm night will lose most of her body heat by ________.

To prepare flight muscles for use on a cool morning, hawkmoths ________.

Connective tissues typically have ________.

-The thin horizontal arrows in the figure above show that the ________.

What can you determine from the graph?

In many animals, fat is stored in specialised cells in the ________.

The body tissue that consists largely of material located outside of cells is

Interstitial fluid is ________.

Snake behaviour in New South Wales changes throughout the year. For example, a snake is ________.

Bone consists of ________.

Which of the following animals uses the largest percentage of its energy budget for homeostatic regulation?

All types of muscle tissue have ________.

What would be an advantage for an animal that conforms to a changing environmental condition, such as temperature?

If a person were to travel to a time zone that was several hours ahead of their own, they may experience tiredness known as "jet lag". Jet lag is due to a disruption of ________.

Blood is best classified as connective tissue because ________.

Most of the exchange surfaces of multicellular animals are lined with ________.

Evolution, the Themes of Biology, and Scientific Inquiry

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

Dna Tools and Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification: a Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonised Land

Plant Diversity Ii: the Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Vascular Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signalling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

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