Exam 13: Prejudice: Causes and Cures

Recall that Janet Swim and Lawrence Sanna (1996)systematically studied a series of fifty-eight experiments conducted over the last twenty years.These researchers found that when men succeed at a given task,participants attribute their success to ____,whereas when women succeed at that same task,participants attribute their success to ____

____ are generalizations about a group of people in which identical characteristics are ascribed to all members of the group,regardless of within-group variations.

In the United States,the statement,"I'm proud to be an American" exemplifies a(n)

Rogers and Prentice-Dunn (1981)conducted a Milgram study with in which participants believed they were either shocking a Caucasian or African-American "learner." The pattern of the results for African-American learners can be best described as

What is modern prejudice,and how is it different from "old-fashioned bigotry"? In what ways have normative pressures contributed to modern prejudice?

____ is to individuals as ____ is to groups.

Thomas Pettigrew and R.W.Meertens (1995)completed a transnational study of prejudice in three European countries (France,the Netherlands,and Great Britain).Respondents who ____ were most likely to advocate the expulsion of recent immigrants and to restrict their civil rights.

Describe what is meant by the terms benevolent sexism and hostile sexism.Then,give an example of each of these.

You have seen few people with nose rings,and few car accidents in your life.You happen to observe several car accidents involving people with nose rings,and come to the conclusion that people with nose rings drive badly.You have just created a(n)

Lucas reads an article in the newspaper about a man recently arrested for polygamy."Yuck! That lifestyle disgusts me!" Lucas says with disdain.Lucas is expressing his ____ about polygamy.

Recall that Bridgeman (1981)conducted an experiment with ten-year-old children,half of whom had previously had two months' experience in a jigsaw classroom.In this experiment,she showed the youngsters a cartoon in which a little boy waves goodbye to his father at the airport,receives a package from the postman,and bursts into tears upon finding out that it contains a toy plane.Children who had previously participated in the jigsaw classrooms were more likely to say that the postman would be confused at seeing the boy cry after receiving a present.This reflects the idea that jigsaw groups promote the development of

Stereotyping is a way of ____ the complex information around us,and thus is sometimes ____.

What is stereotype threat,why does it arise,and what are the consequences?

Even non-prejudiced participants in research by Patricia Devine (1989)can recognize such negative stereotypes as "Jews are materialistic" or "African Americans are hostile." Still,nonprejudiced participants do not endorse those stereotypes.This is because the activation of stereotypes is ____,whereas the refutation of stereotypes is ____.

Patricia Devine (1989)argues that even though we all hold ____ stereotypes, ____ can influence whether we believe and act on them.

Thurgood Marshall is known as a former Supreme Court Justice.Yet he made other important contributions to policies related to prejudice,including

Which of the following examples best captures the social-psychological concept of a stereotype?

Describe what is meant by the term scapegoat.Then,give an example of how homosexuals might be considered a modern scapegoat.

Research on the illusory correlation indicates that a correlation is found between minority status and negative events because minority status is

____ is to personal attribution for misfortune as ____ is to situational attribution for misfortune.