Exam 5: The Self: Understanding Ourselves in a Social Context

When Linda was a child,her friends at school all earned a lot of money if their grades were good.Linda went to her parents and asked that she be given money for good report cards.Her parents agreed.She would earn a nickel for every "A," and a dollar if she earned all "As." Her friends,of course,were offered much more money for good grades.Using the overjustification effect,explain why Linda's parents might have offered her such meager monetary rewards for academic success.

Free

(Essay)

4.9/5

(43)

Question 1

Correct Answer:

Verified

Self-perception theory posits that when we are unsure of our attitudes,we look to our own behaviors and to the environment to decide how we feel.This example is a special case of working to increase intrinsic versus extrinsic motivation to learn and excel.Linda's parents were careful not to provide excessive external rewards; such rewards might convince Linda that the reason she was working hard in school was to earn money.In other words,they were avoiding the overjustification effect by which extrinsic motivators overpower the potential for intrinsic motivation.Instead,they provided such meager rewards so that Linda would come to believe that she worked hard in school because she liked it and viewed it as worthwhile; in other words,she would become intrinsically motivated to succeed.

When David Green,Betty Sternberg,and Mark Lepper (1976)discontinued rewards and prizes,why did elementary school children spend less time playing math games? The children probably reasoned,

Free

(Multiple Choice)

4.9/5

(34)

Question 2

Correct Answer:

Verified

The authors of your text discussed a study where American and Japanese students were asked questions about their actual and their ideal selves.Participants were either in front of a mirror or not.What were the results of the study?

Free

(Multiple Choice)

4.9/5

(41)

Question 3

Correct Answer:

Verified

All of the following statements about self-awareness are true except

(Multiple Choice)

4.8/5

(41)

Question 4

One evening after work,Barbara arrives home in a very bad mood.Noticing this,her husband James asks her why she seems so angry and upset.Barbara hadn't thought about her mood before James mentioned it,and now she thinks hard about what has caused her to be so sullen.She decides that it was because she was hungry and tired,and she tells James so.Barbara is ____ her behavior.

(Multiple Choice)

4.8/5

(36)

Question 5

According to Nisbett and Wilson,the best way to describe the relationship between our thoughts,feelings,and actions and our beliefs about why think,feel,and act the way we do is

(Multiple Choice)

4.7/5

(36)

Question 6

Intrinsic motivation is to as extrinsic motivation is to .

(Multiple Choice)

4.9/5

(35)

Question 7

A coach wants to motivate his soccer team to score more often by using a reward system.Based on what you read about preserving intrinsic motivation,how is it best for him to reward his team?

(Multiple Choice)

4.8/5

(39)

Question 8

Participants in a study by Csikszentmihalyi and Figurski (1982)wore beepers for a week.When the beeper sounded at random intervals,participants wrote down what they were thinking about.Which of the following thoughts was most likely to have been recorded by their participants?

(Multiple Choice)

4.9/5

(32)

Question 9

Whereas Americans have a proverb,"The squeaky wheel gets the grease," Japanese have a proverb.that states "The nail that stands out gets pounded down." These two different proverbs mirror social-psychological research that has demonstrated that people in Asian cultures

(Multiple Choice)

4.9/5

(33)

Question 10

Mrs.Hill has decided to provide her first-grade students with gold stars to reward them for reading.She has decided to use performance-contingent rewards.To do this,she will give gold stars

(Multiple Choice)

4.9/5

(44)

Question 11

Just before an exam,your friend Marc turns to you and says "Man,I'm so tired! I partied 'til four in the morning." Marc is engaging in what type of self-presentation?

(Multiple Choice)

4.9/5

(38)

Question 12

Which of the following ways of understanding ourselves is social? We

(Multiple Choice)

4.7/5

(42)

Question 13

Ted Singelis (1994)administered his independence and interdependence questionnaire to students at the University of Hawaii at Manoa.He found that Asian-American students agreed more with such statements as "It is important to me to respect decisions made by the group" and "My happiness depends on the happiness of those around me" than did Caucasian-American students.These findings suggest that

(Multiple Choice)

4.9/5

(39)

Question 14

William James (1842-1910)distinguished between "self as known" and "self as knower." Self as known reflects ,whereas self as knower reflects .

(Multiple Choice)

4.9/5

(39)

Question 15

Who is likely to feel best about herself?

(Multiple Choice)

4.8/5

(34)

Question 16

Mariana wonders whether she has the potential to become a first-rate social psychologist.To assess her potential,she would most likely compare herself to

(Multiple Choice)

4.8/5

(37)

Question 17

Psychologists who have studied the development of self-concept over the lifespan have found that the self- concept starts out and gradually becomes with increasing age.

(Multiple Choice)

4.9/5

(44)

Question 18

The two factors necessary to experience an emotion according to Schacter's two-factor theory of emotion are

(Multiple Choice)

4.9/5

(39)

Question 19

When we introspect about the reasons underlying our attitudes or feelings,the explanations we arrive at

(Multiple Choice)

4.9/5

(37)

Question 20

Showing 1 - 20 of 207

When David Green,Betty Sternberg,and Mark Lepper (1976)discontinued rewards and prizes,why did elementary school children spend less time playing math games? The children probably reasoned,

The authors of your text discussed a study where American and Japanese students were asked questions about their actual and their ideal selves.Participants were either in front of a mirror or not.What were the results of the study?

All of the following statements about self-awareness are true except

According to Nisbett and Wilson,the best way to describe the relationship between our thoughts,feelings,and actions and our beliefs about why think,feel,and act the way we do is

Intrinsic motivation is to as extrinsic motivation is to .

A coach wants to motivate his soccer team to score more often by using a reward system.Based on what you read about preserving intrinsic motivation,how is it best for him to reward his team?

Participants in a study by Csikszentmihalyi and Figurski (1982)wore beepers for a week.When the beeper sounded at random intervals,participants wrote down what they were thinking about.Which of the following thoughts was most likely to have been recorded by their participants?

Whereas Americans have a proverb,"The squeaky wheel gets the grease," Japanese have a proverb.that states "The nail that stands out gets pounded down." These two different proverbs mirror social-psychological research that has demonstrated that people in Asian cultures

Mrs.Hill has decided to provide her first-grade students with gold stars to reward them for reading.She has decided to use performance-contingent rewards.To do this,she will give gold stars

Just before an exam,your friend Marc turns to you and says "Man,I'm so tired! I partied 'til four in the morning." Marc is engaging in what type of self-presentation?

Which of the following ways of understanding ourselves is social? We

William James (1842-1910)distinguished between "self as known" and "self as knower." Self as known reflects ,whereas self as knower reflects .

Who is likely to feel best about herself?

Mariana wonders whether she has the potential to become a first-rate social psychologist.To assess her potential,she would most likely compare herself to

Psychologists who have studied the development of self-concept over the lifespan have found that the self- concept starts out and gradually becomes with increasing age.

The two factors necessary to experience an emotion according to Schacter's two-factor theory of emotion are

When we introspect about the reasons underlying our attitudes or feelings,the explanations we arrive at

Introducing Social Psychology

Methodology: How Social Psychologists Do Research

Social Cognition: How We Think About the Social World

Social Perception: How We Come to Understand Other People

The Need to Justify Our Actions: the Costs and Benefits of Dissonance Reduction

Attitudes and Attitude Change: Influencing Thoughts and Feelings

Conformity: Influencing Behavior

Group Processes: Influence in Social Groups

Interpersonal Attraction: From First Impressions to Close Relationships

Prosocial Behavior: Why Do People Help

Aggression: Why Do We Hurt Other People

Prejudice: Causes and Cures

Filters

Exam 5: The Self: Understanding Ourselves in a Social Context

When David Green,Betty Sternberg,and Mark Lepper (1976)discontinued rewards and prizes,why did elementary school children spend less time playing math games? The children probably reasoned,

The authors of your text discussed a study where American and Japanese students were asked questions about their actual and their ideal selves.Participants were either in front of a mirror or not.What were the results of the study?

All of the following statements about self-awareness are true except

According to Nisbett and Wilson,the best way to describe the relationship between our thoughts,feelings,and actions and our beliefs about why think,feel,and act the way we do is

Intrinsic motivation is to ____ as extrinsic motivation is to ____.

A coach wants to motivate his soccer team to score more often by using a reward system.Based on what you read about preserving intrinsic motivation,how is it best for him to reward his team?

Participants in a study by Csikszentmihalyi and Figurski (1982)wore beepers for a week.When the beeper sounded at random intervals,participants wrote down what they were thinking about.Which of the following thoughts was most likely to have been recorded by their participants?

Whereas Americans have a proverb,"The squeaky wheel gets the grease," Japanese have a proverb.that states "The nail that stands out gets pounded down." These two different proverbs mirror social-psychological research that has demonstrated that people in Asian cultures

Mrs.Hill has decided to provide her first-grade students with gold stars to reward them for reading.She has decided to use performance-contingent rewards.To do this,she will give gold stars

Just before an exam,your friend Marc turns to you and says "Man,I'm so tired! I partied 'til four in the morning." Marc is engaging in what type of self-presentation?

Which of the following ways of understanding ourselves is social? We

William James (1842-1910)distinguished between "self as known" and "self as knower." Self as known reflects ____,whereas self as knower reflects ____.

Who is likely to feel best about herself?

Mariana wonders whether she has the potential to become a first-rate social psychologist.To assess her potential,she would most likely compare herself to

Psychologists who have studied the development of self-concept over the lifespan have found that the self- concept starts out ____ and gradually becomes ____ with increasing age.

The two factors necessary to experience an emotion according to Schacter's two-factor theory of emotion are

When we introspect about the reasons underlying our attitudes or feelings,the explanations we arrive at

Introducing Social Psychology

Methodology: How Social Psychologists Do Research

Social Cognition: How We Think About the Social World

Social Perception: How We Come to Understand Other People

The Need to Justify Our Actions: the Costs and Benefits of Dissonance Reduction

Attitudes and Attitude Change: Influencing Thoughts and Feelings

Conformity: Influencing Behavior

Group Processes: Influence in Social Groups

Interpersonal Attraction: From First Impressions to Close Relationships

Prosocial Behavior: Why Do People Help

Aggression: Why Do We Hurt Other People

Prejudice: Causes and Cures

Filters

Intrinsic motivation is to as extrinsic motivation is to .

William James (1842-1910)distinguished between "self as known" and "self as knower." Self as known reflects ,whereas self as knower reflects .

Psychologists who have studied the development of self-concept over the lifespan have found that the self- concept starts out and gradually becomes with increasing age.