Exam 10: Regression Analysis: Estimating Relationships

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In a simple linear regression problem,suppose that In a simple linear regression problem,suppose that   = 12.48 and   = 124.8.Then the percentage of variation explained   must be 0.90. = 12.48 and In a simple linear regression problem,suppose that   = 12.48 and   = 124.8.Then the percentage of variation explained   must be 0.90. = 124.8.Then the percentage of variation explained In a simple linear regression problem,suppose that   = 12.48 and   = 124.8.Then the percentage of variation explained   must be 0.90. must be 0.90.

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The regression line The regression line   has been fitted to the data points (28,60),(20,50),(10,18),and (25,55).The sum of the squared residuals will be: has been fitted to the data points (28,60),(20,50),(10,18),and (25,55).The sum of the squared residuals will be:

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A useful graph in almost any regression analysis is a scatterplot of residuals (on the vertical axis)versus fitted values (on the horizontal axis),where a "good" fit not only has small residuals,but it has residuals scattered randomly around zero with no apparent pattern.

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A constant elasticity,or multiplicative,model the dependent variable is expressed as a product of explanatory variables raised to powers

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In every regression study there is a single variable that we are trying to explain or predict.This is called the response variable or dependent variable.

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In a multiple regression problem with two explanatory variables if,the fitted regression equation is In a multiple regression problem with two explanatory variables if,the fitted regression equation is   ,then the estimated value of Y when   and   is 49.4. ,then the estimated value of Y when In a multiple regression problem with two explanatory variables if,the fitted regression equation is   ,then the estimated value of Y when   and   is 49.4. and In a multiple regression problem with two explanatory variables if,the fitted regression equation is   ,then the estimated value of Y when   and   is 49.4. is 49.4.

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The percentage of variation ( The percentage of variation (   )can be interpreted as the fraction (or percent)of variation of the )can be interpreted as the fraction (or percent)of variation of the

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In the multiple regression model In the multiple regression model   we interpret X<sub>1</sub> as follows: holding X<sub>2</sub> constant,if X<sub>1 </sub>increases by 1 unit,then the expected value of Y will increase by 9 units. we interpret X1 as follows: holding X2 constant,if X1 increases by 1 unit,then the expected value of Y will increase by 9 units.

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Regression analysis can be applied equally well to cross-sectional and time series data.

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The adjusted R2 is used primarily to monitor whether extra explanatory variables really belong in a multiple regression model

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The percentage of variation (R2)ranges from

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In regression analysis,we can often use the standard error of estimate In regression analysis,we can often use the standard error of estimate   to judge which of several potential regression equations is the most useful. to judge which of several potential regression equations is the most useful.

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Approximately what percentage of the observed Y values are within on standard error of the estimate ( Approximately what percentage of the observed Y values are within on standard error of the estimate (   )of the corresponding fitted Y values? )of the corresponding fitted Y values?

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A scatterplot that appears as a shapeless mass of data points indicates:

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Given the least squares regression line, Given the least squares regression line,

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If a categorical variable is to be included in a multiple regression,a dummy variable for each category of the variable should be used,but the original categorical variables should not be sued.

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is/are especially helpful in identifying outliers.

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