Question 1

Degenerating neurons surrounded by clusters of abnormal tissue, especially in the hippocampus and amygdala, accompanied by progressive memory loss is typical of

Accepted Answer

A)  Alzheimer disease. 
B)  Parkinson disease. 
C)  Graves disease. 
D)  Addison disease. 
E)  Cushing syndrome. 
A)  Alzheimer disease. 
B)  Parkinson disease. 
C)  Graves disease. 
D)  Addison disease. 
E)  Cushing syndrome.

Question 2

The parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system

Accepted Answer

A)  is associated with "fight or flight." 
B)  uses the neurotransmitter norepinephrine. 
C)  arises from parts of the spinal cord. 
D)  inhibits digestion. 
E)  opposes the effects of the sympathetic division. 
A)  is associated with "fight or flight." 
B)  uses the neurotransmitter norepinephrine. 
C)  arises from parts of the spinal cord. 
D)  inhibits digestion. 
E)  opposes the effects of the sympathetic division.

Question 3

If an individual's pituitary gland does not produce adequate adrenocorticotropic hormone ACTH), then _____ will result.

Accepted Answer

A)  Cushing syndrome 
B)  exophthalmos 
C)  Graves disease 
D)  Addison disease 
E)  diabetes mellitus 
A)  Cushing syndrome 
B)  exophthalmos 
C)  Graves disease 
D)  Addison disease 
E)  diabetes mellitus

Question 4

A patient who has recently undergone surgery to remove tumors from his thyroid gland suddenly begins to tremble violently from head to toe because his nerves have become too excitable. Why?

Accepted Answer

A)  Too much thyroid tissue was removed, and without oxytocin, blood calcium levels fell too low. 
B)  The parathyroid glands were removed, and without parathyroid hormone PTH), blood calcium levels rose too high. 
C)  The parathyroid glands were removed, and without parathyroid hormone PTH), blood calcium levels fell too low. 
D)  Too much thyroid tissue was removed, and without calcitonin, blood calcium levels fell too low. 
E)  The hypothalamus was removed, and without it releasing hormones, blood calcium levels fell too low. 
A)  Too much thyroid tissue was removed, and without oxytocin, blood calcium levels fell too low. 
B)  The parathyroid glands were removed, and without parathyroid hormone PTH), blood calcium levels rose too high. 
C)  The parathyroid glands were removed, and without parathyroid hormone PTH), blood calcium levels fell too low. 
D)  Too much thyroid tissue was removed, and without calcitonin, blood calcium levels fell too low. 
E)  The hypothalamus was removed, and without it releasing hormones, blood calcium levels fell too low.

Question 5

Which of these lists the events of an action potential in the correct order?

Accepted Answer

A)  Na+ gates open→inside of axon becomes positive→Na+ gates close→K+ gates open→inside of axon becomes negative 
B)  K+ gates open→inside of axon becomes positive→K+ gates close→Na+ gates open→inside of axon becomes negative 
C)  K+ gates open→inside of axon becomes negative→K+ gates close→Na+ gates open→inside of axon becomes positive 
D)  Na+ gates open→inside of axon becomes negative→Na+ gates close→K+ gates open→inside of axon becomes positive 
E)  Na+ gates open→inside of axon becomes positive→K+ gates close→Na+ gates open→inside of axon becomes negative 
A)  Na+ gates open→inside of axon becomes positive→Na+ gates close→K+ gates open→inside of axon becomes negative 
B)  K+ gates open→inside of axon becomes positive→K+ gates close→Na+ gates open→inside of axon becomes negative 
C)  K+ gates open→inside of axon becomes negative→K+ gates close→Na+ gates open→inside of axon becomes positive 
D)  Na+ gates open→inside of axon becomes negative→Na+ gates close→K+ gates open→inside of axon becomes positive 
E)  Na+ gates open→inside of axon becomes positive→K+ gates close→Na+ gates open→inside of axon becomes negative

Question 6

Someone who is good at memorizing other people's phone numbers has an excellent _____ memory.

Accepted Answer

A)  episodic 
B)  skill 
C)  semantic 
D)  short-term 
E)  sensory 
A)  episodic 
B)  skill 
C)  semantic 
D)  short-term 
E)  sensory

Question 7

A patient's pons has been affected by a rapidly growing tumor. Of the choices listed below, which is the most likely result?

Accepted Answer

A)  loss of the normal breathing rhythm 
B)  hearing loss 
C)  inability to understand speech 
D)  inability to regulate blood pressure 
E)  inability to experience emotions 
A)  loss of the normal breathing rhythm 
B)  hearing loss 
C)  inability to understand speech 
D)  inability to regulate blood pressure 
E)  inability to experience emotions

Question 8

Which hormone helps to maintain your blood glucose level between breakfast and lunch?

Accepted Answer

A)  insulin 
B)  glucagon 
C)  parathyroid hormone PTH) 
D)  thyroxine 
E)  epinephrine 
A)  insulin 
B)  glucagon 
C)  parathyroid hormone PTH) 
D)  thyroxine 
E)  epinephrine

Question 9

Consuming alcohol increases the need to urinate. This is due to the inhibitory effect of alcohol on

Accepted Answer

A)  antidiuretic hormone ADH). 
B)  adrenocorticotropic hormone ACTH). 
C)  parathyroid hormone PTH). 
D)  epinephrine. 
E)  norepinephrine. 
A)  antidiuretic hormone ADH). 
B)  adrenocorticotropic hormone ACTH). 
C)  parathyroid hormone PTH). 
D)  epinephrine. 
E)  norepinephrine.

Question 10

Which of these does not belong to the limbic system?

Accepted Answer

A)  thalamus 
B)  amygdala 
C)  hypothalamus 
D)  hippocampus 
E)  cerebellum 
A)  thalamus 
B)  amygdala 
C)  hypothalamus 
D)  hippocampus 
E)  cerebellum

Question 11

Which two hormones are produced by the adrenal medulla?

Accepted Answer

A)  aldosterone and cortisol 
B)  acetylcholine and norepinephrine 
C)  luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone 
D)  antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin 
E)  epinephrine and norepinephrine 
A)  aldosterone and cortisol 
B)  acetylcholine and norepinephrine 
C)  luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone 
D)  antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin 
E)  epinephrine and norepinephrine

Question 12

Which of these represents the flow of information in a spinal reflex arc in the correct order?

Accepted Answer

A)  spinal nerve→sensory neuron→spinal cord→interneuron→effector→spinal nerve→motor neuron 
B)  motor neuron→spinal nerve→spinal cord→interneuron→sensory neuron→spinal nerve→effector 
C)  sensory neuron→spinal nerve→interneuron→motor neuron→spinal cord→spinal nerve→effector 
D)  sensory neuron→spinal nerve→spinal cord→interneuron→motor neuron→spinal nerve→effector 
E)  spinal nerve→motor neuron→spinal cord→interneuron→effector→sensory neuron→spinal nerve Spinal nerves are sometimes referred to as "mixed nerves" because they convey both sensory and motor signals. 
A)  spinal nerve→sensory neuron→spinal cord→interneuron→effector→spinal nerve→motor neuron 
B)  motor neuron→spinal nerve→spinal cord→interneuron→sensory neuron→spinal nerve→effector 
C)  sensory neuron→spinal nerve→interneuron→motor neuron→spinal cord→spinal nerve→effector 
D)  sensory neuron→spinal nerve→spinal cord→interneuron→motor neuron→spinal nerve→effector 
E)  spinal nerve→motor neuron→spinal cord→interneuron→effector→sensory neuron→spinal nerve Spinal nerves are sometimes referred to as "mixed nerves" because they convey both sensory and motor signals.

Question 13

_____ inhibits osteoclasts, while _____ stimulates them.

Accepted Answer

A)  Parathyroid hormone PTH); calcitonin 
B)  Growth hormone GH); calcitonin 
C)  Epinephrine; norepinephrine 
D)  Calcitonin; parathyroid hormone PTH) 
E)  Glucagon; growth hormone GH) 
A)  Parathyroid hormone PTH); calcitonin 
B)  Growth hormone GH); calcitonin 
C)  Epinephrine; norepinephrine 
D)  Calcitonin; parathyroid hormone PTH) 
E)  Glucagon; growth hormone GH)

Question 14

Which of the following is part of both the nervous and endocrine systems, and is crucial to maintenance of homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

A)  adrenal medulla 
B)  thyroid gland 
C)  hypothalamus 
D)  thalamus 
E)  medulla oblongata 
A)  adrenal medulla 
B)  thyroid gland 
C)  hypothalamus 
D)  thalamus 
E)  medulla oblongata

Exam 27: The Control Systems

Degenerating neurons surrounded by clusters of abnormal tissue, especially in the hippocampus and amygdala, accompanied by progressive memory loss is typical of

The parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system

If an individual's pituitary gland does not produce adequate adrenocorticotropic hormone ACTH), then _____ will result.

A patient who has recently undergone surgery to remove tumors from his thyroid gland suddenly begins to tremble violently from head to toe because his nerves have become too excitable. Why?

Which of these lists the events of an action potential in the correct order?

Someone who is good at memorizing other people's phone numbers has an excellent _____ memory.

A patient's pons has been affected by a rapidly growing tumor. Of the choices listed below, which is the most likely result?

Which hormone helps to maintain your blood glucose level between breakfast and lunch?

Consuming alcohol increases the need to urinate. This is due to the inhibitory effect of alcohol on

Which of these does not belong to the limbic system?

Which two hormones are produced by the adrenal medulla?

Which of these represents the flow of information in a spinal reflex arc in the correct order?

_____ inhibits osteoclasts, while _____ stimulates them.

Which of the following is part of both the nervous and endocrine systems, and is crucial to maintenance of homeostasis?

A View of Life

The Chemical Basis of Life

The Organic Molecules of Life

Inside the Cell

The Dynamic Cell

Energy for Life

Energy for Cells

Cellular Reproduction

Meiosis and the Genetic Basis of Sexual Reproduction

Patterns of Inheritance

DNA Biology and Technology

Biotechnology and Genomics

Genetic Counseling

Darwin and Evolution

Evolution on a Small Scale

Evolution on a Large Scale

The Microorganisms: Viruses, Bacteria, and Protists

The Plants and Fungi

The Animals

Plant Anatomy and Growth

Plant Responses and Reproduction

Being Organized and Steady

The Transport Systems

The Maintenance Systems

Digestion and Human Nutrition

Defenses Against Disease

Sensory Input and Motor Output

Reproduction and Embryonic Development

Ecology of Populations

Communities and Ecosystems

Human Impact on the Biosphere

Filters

_ inhibits osteoclasts, while _ stimulates them.