Question 1

Which of the following correctly lists the progression of species present during primary or secondary succession?

Accepted Answer

A)  fungi, nonvascular plants, gymnosperms, animals 
B)  nonvascular plants, angiosperm, gymnosperms, fungi 
C)  animals, fungi, nonvascular plants, angiosperms 
D)  angiosperms, nonvascular plants, animals, gymnosperms 
E)  gymnosperms, angiosperms, fungi, nonvascular plants 
A)  fungi, nonvascular plants, gymnosperms, animals 
B)  nonvascular plants, angiosperm, gymnosperms, fungi 
C)  animals, fungi, nonvascular plants, angiosperms 
D)  angiosperms, nonvascular plants, animals, gymnosperms 
E)  gymnosperms, angiosperms, fungi, nonvascular plants A

Question 2

How does climate change effect Earth's oceans?

Accepted Answer

A)  The pH level of the ocean will shift to a more acidic environment, leading to stress and the possible extinction of many species of shellfish and corals. 
B)  The pH level of the ocean will shift to a more basic environment, leading to a decrease in overall productivity. 
C)  As levels of carbon in the atmosphere increase, the amount of carbon in the ocean decreases proportionately. 
D)  Excess carbon in the atmosphere is absorbed by the ocean, which directly increases ocean temperature. As 
E)  the CO2 levels in the atmosphere increase, so do the levels in the ocean, leading to ocean acidification. 
A)  The pH level of the ocean will shift to a more acidic environment, leading to stress and the possible extinction of many species of shellfish and corals. 
B)  The pH level of the ocean will shift to a more basic environment, leading to a decrease in overall productivity. 
C)  As levels of carbon in the atmosphere increase, the amount of carbon in the ocean decreases proportionately. 
D)  Excess carbon in the atmosphere is absorbed by the ocean, which directly increases ocean temperature. As 
E)  the CO2 levels in the atmosphere increase, so do the levels in the ocean, leading to ocean acidification. A

Question 3

What is the source of carbon for most aquatic organisms?

Accepted Answer

A)  carbon dioxide 
B)  calcium carbonate 
C)  bicarbonate ions 
D)  carbon monoxide 
E)  fossil fuels 
A)  carbon dioxide 
B)  calcium carbonate 
C)  bicarbonate ions 
D)  carbon monoxide 
E)  fossil fuels C

Question 4

A decomposer ultimately obtains all its energy from

Accepted Answer

A)  sunlight. 
B)  mushrooms. 
C)  preying on other living organisms. 
D)  parasitizing living organisms. 
E)  dead and decaying plant matter. 
A)  sunlight. 
B)  mushrooms. 
C)  preying on other living organisms. 
D)  parasitizing living organisms. 
E)  dead and decaying plant matter.

Question 5

Which of the following is a community?

Accepted Answer

A)  a group of walrus on a beach 
B)  hummingbirds at a feeder 
C)  trout and the lake they inhabit 
D)  squirrels and the oak trees they live in 
E)  a herd of elephants in the Namib Desert 
A)  a group of walrus on a beach 
B)  hummingbirds at a feeder 
C)  trout and the lake they inhabit 
D)  squirrels and the oak trees they live in 
E)  a herd of elephants in the Namib Desert

Question 6

In an aquatic ecosystem, the aquatic plants are eaten by small invertebrates that in turn are eaten by crayfish, which are eaten by fish, which are then eaten by ducks. Based on this, which of the following is incorrectly matched?

Accepted Answer

A)  aquatic plant - producer 
B)  crayfish - secondary consumer 
C)  duck - 4th trophic level 
D)  fish - tertiary consumer 
E)  small invertebrates - 2nd trophic level 
A)  aquatic plant - producer 
B)  crayfish - secondary consumer 
C)  duck - 4th trophic level 
D)  fish - tertiary consumer 
E)  small invertebrates - 2nd trophic level

Question 7

All of the following are true about both primary and secondary succession except

Accepted Answer

A)  both lead to a stable climax community. 
B)  both include a progression of changes in the community over time. 
C)  both occur in regions where soil is already present. 
D)  for both communities, fungi and vascular seedless plants are typically the first species to colonize the area. 
E)  both are colonized first by opportunistic species. 
A)  both lead to a stable climax community. 
B)  both include a progression of changes in the community over time. 
C)  both occur in regions where soil is already present. 
D)  for both communities, fungi and vascular seedless plants are typically the first species to colonize the area. 
E)  both are colonized first by opportunistic species.

Question 8

Water is a major limiting factor in which of the following biomes?

Accepted Answer

A)  temperate grasslands 
B)  tundra 
C)  savannah 
D)  tropical rainforest 
E)  coral reef 
A)  temperate grasslands 
B)  tundra 
C)  savannah 
D)  tropical rainforest 
E)  coral reef

Question 9

Based on the figure shown here, which of the following is a secondary consumer?

Accepted Answer

A)  skunk 
B)  owl 
C)  rabbit 
D)  insects 
E)  deer 
A)  skunk 
B)  owl 
C)  rabbit 
D)  insects 
E)  deer

Question 10

Which of the following is an autotroph?

Accepted Answer

A)  rose bush 
B)  lion 
C)  decomposer 
D)  omnivore 
E)  hyena 
A)  rose bush 
B)  lion 
C)  decomposer 
D)  omnivore 
E)  hyena

Question 11

Which of the following would be considered a commensalistic relationship?

Accepted Answer

A)  Some species of crabs decorate their shells with sea anemones and other corals. These "decorations"help camouflage the crab, and the movement of the crab from one area to the next exposes the corals and anemones to different sources of food. 
B)  Some spiders do not build webs, but live in the web of another species. When a prey item is caught in the web, the non-web building spider will sneak in and steal the prey. 
C)  A praying mantis hunts and eats a fly. 
D) The longest tapeworm removed from a human was approximately 11 meters long. Tapeworms do not have a . digestive system, but obtain all of their nutrients from the host.

E )Pseudoscorpions are small, harmless arachnids. To move from one place to another, they will sometimes latch onto the legs of flies and thus be carried long distances that they would not readily be able to traverse. 
A)  Some species of crabs decorate their shells with sea anemones and other corals. These "decorations"help camouflage the crab, and the movement of the crab from one area to the next exposes the corals and anemones to different sources of food. 
B)  Some spiders do not build webs, but live in the web of another species. When a prey item is caught in the web, the non-web building spider will sneak in and steal the prey. 
C)  A praying mantis hunts and eats a fly. 
D) The longest tapeworm removed from a human was approximately 11 meters long. Tapeworms do not have a . digestive system, but obtain all of their nutrients from the host.

E )Pseudoscorpions are small, harmless arachnids. To move from one place to another, they will sometimes latch onto the legs of flies and thus be carried long distances that they would not readily be able to traverse.

Question 12

An ecosystem

Accepted Answer

A)  includes only the plants within a particular area. 
B)  includes all the living organisms within a specific area, but not the abiotic factors. 
C)  includes both living and abiotic factors within a particular region. 
D)  always includes equal numbers of plant and animal species. 
E)  only refers to biotic factors in a region. 
A)  includes only the plants within a particular area. 
B)  includes all the living organisms within a specific area, but not the abiotic factors. 
C)  includes both living and abiotic factors within a particular region. 
D)  always includes equal numbers of plant and animal species. 
E)  only refers to biotic factors in a region.

Question 13

The greenhouse effect

Accepted Answer

A)  will lead to decreased sea levels. 
B)  decreases the amount of carbon dioxide in the air. 
C)  increases the amount of carbon dioxide in the air. 
D)  is caused by gases such as carbon dioxide trapping heat in the Earth's atmosphere. 
E)  is due to gases forming a barrier around the Earth and insulating the Earth from the sun's rays. 
A)  will lead to decreased sea levels. 
B)  decreases the amount of carbon dioxide in the air. 
C)  increases the amount of carbon dioxide in the air. 
D)  is caused by gases such as carbon dioxide trapping heat in the Earth's atmosphere. 
E)  is due to gases forming a barrier around the Earth and insulating the Earth from the sun's rays.

Question 14

All of the following are true about ecosystems except

Accepted Answer

A)  chemicals are constantly recycled and reused. 
B)  chemicals are converted from one form to another. 
C)  energy is constantly recycled. 
D)  energy is required continuously because some energy is lost. 
E)  the ultimate source of energy is the sun. 
A)  chemicals are constantly recycled and reused. 
B)  chemicals are converted from one form to another. 
C)  energy is constantly recycled. 
D)  energy is required continuously because some energy is lost. 
E)  the ultimate source of energy is the sun.

Question 15

Which ecosystem makes up approximately 70% of the Earth's surface?

Accepted Answer

A)  aquatic; marine 
B)  aquatic; fresh water 
C)  aquatic; coral reefs 
D)  terrestrial; tundra 
E)  terrestrial; rainforest 
A)  aquatic; marine 
B)  aquatic; fresh water 
C)  aquatic; coral reefs 
D)  terrestrial; tundra 
E)  terrestrial; rainforest

Question 16

Ecological succession is

Accepted Answer

A)  a change in communities caused by human activities. 
B)  a stable community that forms after a change. 
C)  an orderly process of change in the community of organisms. 
D)  what happens to a cultivated field every year that crops are planted. 
E)  competition between opportunistic and equilibrium species. 
A)  a change in communities caused by human activities. 
B)  a stable community that forms after a change. 
C)  an orderly process of change in the community of organisms. 
D)  what happens to a cultivated field every year that crops are planted. 
E)  competition between opportunistic and equilibrium species.

Question 17

When an animal respires, the carbon in the carbon dioxide that it breathes out comes indirectly from

Accepted Answer

A)  the air that the organism breaths in. 
B)  dead and decaying plant matter. 
C)  fossil fuels. 
D)  photosynthesis. 
E)  carbon fixation. 
A)  the air that the organism breaths in. 
B)  dead and decaying plant matter. 
C)  fossil fuels. 
D)  photosynthesis. 
E)  carbon fixation.

Question 18

Which of the following is an example of primary succession?

Accepted Answer

A)  new growth in a forest after a forest fire 
B)  regrowth and recolonization on Mt. St. Helens in areas covered with rock and lava 
C)  a wheat field that is not allowed to grow wild 
D)  regrowth of vegetation in an area covered by a mudslide after flooding 
E)  colonization of an isolated island by a population of long-horned beetles 
A)  new growth in a forest after a forest fire 
B)  regrowth and recolonization on Mt. St. Helens in areas covered with rock and lava 
C)  a wheat field that is not allowed to grow wild 
D)  regrowth of vegetation in an area covered by a mudslide after flooding 
E)  colonization of an isolated island by a population of long-horned beetles

Question 19

What is the main reason that the tundra does not have large plants?

Accepted Answer

A)  The seeds of large plants were never dispersed into these regions. 
B)  The amount of sunlight is not great enough for large plants to survive. 
C)  The amount of rainfall is not enough for large plants to survive. 
D)  The other species of plants have outcompeted them for resources. 
E)  The permafrost persists, even during the summer. 
A)  The seeds of large plants were never dispersed into these regions. 
B)  The amount of sunlight is not great enough for large plants to survive. 
C)  The amount of rainfall is not enough for large plants to survive. 
D)  The other species of plants have outcompeted them for resources. 
E)  The permafrost persists, even during the summer.

Question 20

Based on the figure shown here, which of the following is both a primary and secondary consumer?

Accepted Answer

A)  skunk 
B)  mouse 
C)  rabbit 
D)  deer 
E)  snake 
A)  skunk 
B)  mouse 
C)  rabbit 
D)  deer 
E)  snake

Exam 31: Communities and Ecosystems

Which of the following correctly lists the progression of species present during primary or secondary succession?

How does climate change effect Earth's oceans?

What is the source of carbon for most aquatic organisms?

A decomposer ultimately obtains all its energy from

Which of the following is a community?

In an aquatic ecosystem, the aquatic plants are eaten by small invertebrates that in turn are eaten by crayfish, which are eaten by fish, which are then eaten by ducks. Based on this, which of the following is incorrectly matched?

All of the following are true about both primary and secondary succession except

Water is a major limiting factor in which of the following biomes?

Based on the figure shown here, which of the following is a secondary consumer?

Which of the following is an autotroph?

Which of the following would be considered a commensalistic relationship?

An ecosystem

The greenhouse effect

All of the following are true about ecosystems except

Which ecosystem makes up approximately 70% of the Earth's surface?

Ecological succession is

When an animal respires, the carbon in the carbon dioxide that it breathes out comes indirectly from

Which of the following is an example of primary succession?

What is the main reason that the tundra does not have large plants?

Based on the figure shown here, which of the following is both a primary and secondary consumer?

A View of Life

The Chemical Basis of Life

The Organic Molecules of Life

Inside the Cell

The Dynamic Cell

Energy for Life

Energy for Cells

Cellular Reproduction

Meiosis and the Genetic Basis of Sexual Reproduction

Patterns of Inheritance

DNA Biology and Technology

Biotechnology and Genomics

Genetic Counseling

Darwin and Evolution

Evolution on a Small Scale

Evolution on a Large Scale

The Microorganisms: Viruses, Bacteria, and Protists

The Plants and Fungi

The Animals

Plant Anatomy and Growth

Plant Responses and Reproduction

Being Organized and Steady

The Transport Systems

The Maintenance Systems

Digestion and Human Nutrition

Defenses Against Disease

The Control Systems

Sensory Input and Motor Output

Reproduction and Embryonic Development

Ecology of Populations

Human Impact on the Biosphere

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