Question 1

Which of the following is best associated with a coupled reaction?

Accepted Answer

A)  ATP consumes energy from another metabolic reaction. 
B)  ADP often transfers a phosphate to the reactant. 
C)  The metabolic reaction requires energy from ATP. 
D)  ATP gains a phosphate group. 
E)  ADP is used up in the metabolic reaction. 
A)  ATP consumes energy from another metabolic reaction. 
B)  ADP often transfers a phosphate to the reactant. 
C)  The metabolic reaction requires energy from ATP. 
D)  ATP gains a phosphate group. 
E)  ADP is used up in the metabolic reaction.

Question 2

The second law of thermodynamics states that all energy transformations result in more disordered energy. How does this relate to energy transformation in a living organism?

Accepted Answer

A)  The energy taken in as food is eventually converted into kinetic energy. 
B)  The energy taken in as food is eventually converted into heat energy. 
C)  The energy taken in as kinetic energy is eventually converted into heat energy. 
D)  The energy taken in as heat energy is eventually converted into kinetic energy. 
E)  No energy in a living organism can undergo more than one transformation. 
A)  The energy taken in as food is eventually converted into kinetic energy. 
B)  The energy taken in as food is eventually converted into heat energy. 
C)  The energy taken in as kinetic energy is eventually converted into heat energy. 
D)  The energy taken in as heat energy is eventually converted into kinetic energy. 
E)  No energy in a living organism can undergo more than one transformation.

Question 3

ATP releases energy when

Accepted Answer

A)  a ribose is added. 
B)  adenine is removed. 
C)  a phosphate is removed. 
D)  deoxyribose is added. 
E)  sunlight strikes it. 
A)  a ribose is added. 
B)  adenine is removed. 
C)  a phosphate is removed. 
D)  deoxyribose is added. 
E)  sunlight strikes it.

Question 4

The second law of thermodynamics states that all energy transformations result in more disordered energy. How do living organisms, which depend on the conversion of potential energy to kinetic energy to fuel their activities, continue to live?

Accepted Answer

A)  They must constantly take in chemical potential energy for fuel and excrete waste. 
B)  Living things do not obey the laws of thermodynamics. 
C)  They must constantly take in chemical potential energy for fuel. 
D)  They excrete the disordered molecules and lose the disordered energy as heat. 
E)  They take the disordered molecules and heat energy and use them to create new fuel. 
A)  They must constantly take in chemical potential energy for fuel and excrete waste. 
B)  Living things do not obey the laws of thermodynamics. 
C)  They must constantly take in chemical potential energy for fuel. 
D)  They excrete the disordered molecules and lose the disordered energy as heat. 
E)  They take the disordered molecules and heat energy and use them to create new fuel.

Question 5

Which one of the following molecules is able to move across the cell membrane by simple diffusion?

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA 
B)  hemoglobin 
C)  carbon dioxide 
D)  glucose 
E)  starch 
A)  DNA 
B)  hemoglobin 
C)  carbon dioxide 
D)  glucose 
E)  starch

Question 6

Identify which of the following statements is not true.

Accepted Answer

A)  ATP is formed when energy is released during cell respiration. 
B)  When ATP becomes ADP + P, the amount of energy released is enough for a biological purpose. 
C)  ATP is comprised of a sugar, base, and two phosphate groups. 
D)  ATP contains the energy form used for cellular work. 
E)  ADP is low in potential energy. 
A)  ATP is formed when energy is released during cell respiration. 
B)  When ATP becomes ADP + P, the amount of energy released is enough for a biological purpose. 
C)  ATP is comprised of a sugar, base, and two phosphate groups. 
D)  ATP contains the energy form used for cellular work. 
E)  ADP is low in potential energy.

Question 7

Which is an example of potential energy rather than kinetic energy?

Accepted Answer

A)  an apple made up of energy-rich macromolecules 
B)  a firefly using light flashes to attract a mate 
C)  a skier at the bottom of the hill instead of the top of the hill 
D)  a pile of leaves that have been burnt 
E)  a candle giving off light 
A)  an apple made up of energy-rich macromolecules 
B)  a firefly using light flashes to attract a mate 
C)  a skier at the bottom of the hill instead of the top of the hill 
D)  a pile of leaves that have been burnt 
E)  a candle giving off light

Question 8

The figure below reflects how these two cells would respond in an) ________ environment.

Accepted Answer

A)  hypotonic 
B)  isotonic 
C)  hypertonic 
D)  diffuse 
E)  ionic 
A)  hypotonic 
B)  isotonic 
C)  hypertonic 
D)  diffuse 
E)  ionic

Question 9

Which of the following is not a type of potential energy?

Accepted Answer

A)  the energy in a glucose molecule 
B)  the energy contained in a rock sitting at the top of a cliff 
C)  the energy of a ball rolling down a hill 
D)  the energy contained in a hamburger 
E)  the energy of a diver standing on a diving board 
A)  the energy in a glucose molecule 
B)  the energy contained in a rock sitting at the top of a cliff 
C)  the energy of a ball rolling down a hill 
D)  the energy contained in a hamburger 
E)  the energy of a diver standing on a diving board

Question 10

When a car burns gasoline, much of the energy is released in the form of heat. Which of the following best describes this process in relation to the first law of thermodynamics?

Accepted Answer

A)  Energy is conserved. 
B)  Energy can be changed from one form to another. 
C)  Energy is often destroyed. 
D)  All energy comes from the sun. 
E)  Energy is always used up in reactions. 
A)  Energy is conserved. 
B)  Energy can be changed from one form to another. 
C)  Energy is often destroyed. 
D)  All energy comes from the sun. 
E)  Energy is always used up in reactions.

Question 11

The second law of thermodynamics states that all energy transformations result in more disordered energy. How can photosynthesis take more disordered carbon dioxide and water and convert them into glucose, which is more ordered?

Accepted Answer

A)  Living things do not obey the laws of thermodynamics. 
B)  This is an illusion; it only appears that glucose is more ordered. 
C)  Photosynthesis is an exception to the second law of thermodynamics. 
D)  Solar energy is being added to the reaction to create glucose. 
E)  Plants are able to harness entropy and use it to carry out photosynthesis. 
A)  Living things do not obey the laws of thermodynamics. 
B)  This is an illusion; it only appears that glucose is more ordered. 
C)  Photosynthesis is an exception to the second law of thermodynamics. 
D)  Solar energy is being added to the reaction to create glucose. 
E)  Plants are able to harness entropy and use it to carry out photosynthesis.

Question 12

The figure below demonstrates which key concept regarding cell activities?

Accepted Answer

A)  coupled reactions 
B)  the first law of thermodynamics 
C)  enzyme inhibition 
D)  receptor-mediated endocytosis 
E)  active transport 
A)  coupled reactions 
B)  the first law of thermodynamics 
C)  enzyme inhibition 
D)  receptor-mediated endocytosis 
E)  active transport

Question 13

In the setup shown in the figure below, which of the following statements would describe what would be observed after 12 hours of time have elapsed?

Accepted Answer

A)  The level of the solution in the tube would rise because there are now more dissolved solutes present in the beaker than in the tube. 
B)  The level of the solution in the tube would lower because the glucose and salt would move into the tube. 
C)  The level of the solution in the tube would rise because there are now more dissolved solutes in the tube than the beaker. 
D)  The level of the solution would not change as the membrane prohibits any exchange between the tube and the beaker. 
E)  The level of solution in the tube would see no change because the solute levels are equal on both sides. 
A)  The level of the solution in the tube would rise because there are now more dissolved solutes present in the beaker than in the tube. 
B)  The level of the solution in the tube would lower because the glucose and salt would move into the tube. 
C)  The level of the solution in the tube would rise because there are now more dissolved solutes in the tube than the beaker. 
D)  The level of the solution would not change as the membrane prohibits any exchange between the tube and the beaker. 
E)  The level of solution in the tube would see no change because the solute levels are equal on both sides.

Question 14

Enzymes are able to speed up the rate of a reaction by

Accepted Answer

A)  transferring electrons from one substance to another. 
B)  binding substrates to a membrane. 
C)  producing more enzymes. 
D)  lowering the energy needed for the reaction to proceed. 
E)  producing more substrates. 
A)  transferring electrons from one substance to another. 
B)  binding substrates to a membrane. 
C)  producing more enzymes. 
D)  lowering the energy needed for the reaction to proceed. 
E)  producing more substrates.

Question 15

The concentration of calcium in a cell is 3%. The concentration of calcium in the surrounding fluid is 1%. How could the cell obtain more calcium?

Accepted Answer

A)  passive transport 
B)  diffusion 
C)  active transport 
D)  osmosis 
E)  pinocytosis 
A)  passive transport 
B)  diffusion 
C)  active transport 
D)  osmosis 
E)  pinocytosis

Question 16

In feedback inhibition of a metabolic pathway, where does the inhibitor bind?

Accepted Answer

A)  to the enzyme of the first reaction 
B)  to the substrate of the first reaction 
C)  to the product of the first reaction 
D)  to the enzyme of the last reaction 
E)  to a substrate or the product of the last reaction 
A)  to the enzyme of the first reaction 
B)  to the substrate of the first reaction 
C)  to the product of the first reaction 
D)  to the enzyme of the last reaction 
E)  to a substrate or the product of the last reaction

Question 17

Which of the following enables a cell to pick up and concentrate a specific type of molecule?

Accepted Answer

A)  passive transport 
B)  receptor-mediated endocytosis 
C)  osmosis 
D)  exocytosis 
E)  facilitated diffusion 
A)  passive transport 
B)  receptor-mediated endocytosis 
C)  osmosis 
D)  exocytosis 
E)  facilitated diffusion

Question 18

The figure below represents a metabolic pathway. What happens if Enzyme2 is defective and nonfunctional?

Accepted Answer

A)  Product Z would increase in amount. 
B)  Substrate Y would not be metabolized. 
C)  Substrate X would not be metabolized. 
D)  Substrate X would increase in amount. 
E)  Substrate X is destroyed. 
A)  Product Z would increase in amount. 
B)  Substrate Y would not be metabolized. 
C)  Substrate X would not be metabolized. 
D)  Substrate X would increase in amount. 
E)  Substrate X is destroyed.

Question 19

Which of the following shows the flow of energy at the cellular level through the biosphere?

Accepted Answer

A)  solar energy - mitochondria - chloroplast 
B)  chloroplast - solar energy - mitochondria 
C)  solar energy - chloroplast - mitochondria 
D)  mitochondria - solar energy - chloroplast 
E)  chloroplast - mitochondria - solar energy 
A)  solar energy - mitochondria - chloroplast 
B)  chloroplast - solar energy - mitochondria 
C)  solar energy - chloroplast - mitochondria 
D)  mitochondria - solar energy - chloroplast 
E)  chloroplast - mitochondria - solar energy

Question 20

When neurons release their neurotransmitters, they release them by secretory vesicles fusing with the plasma membrane thereby emptying their contents into an area that can stimulate some response. What type of cellular transport is occurring as the vesicle forms and then surfaces on the cell's plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

A)  active transport 
B)  diffusion 
C)  exocytosis 
D)  pinocytosis 
E)  osmosis 
A)  active transport 
B)  diffusion 
C)  exocytosis 
D)  pinocytosis 
E)  osmosis

Exam 5: The Dynamic Cell

Which of the following is best associated with a coupled reaction?

The second law of thermodynamics states that all energy transformations result in more disordered energy. How does this relate to energy transformation in a living organism?

ATP releases energy when

The second law of thermodynamics states that all energy transformations result in more disordered energy. How do living organisms, which depend on the conversion of potential energy to kinetic energy to fuel their activities, continue to live?

Which one of the following molecules is able to move across the cell membrane by simple diffusion?

Identify which of the following statements is not true.

Which is an example of potential energy rather than kinetic energy?

The figure below reflects how these two cells would respond in an) ________ environment.

Which of the following is not a type of potential energy?

When a car burns gasoline, much of the energy is released in the form of heat. Which of the following best describes this process in relation to the first law of thermodynamics?

The second law of thermodynamics states that all energy transformations result in more disordered energy. How can photosynthesis take more disordered carbon dioxide and water and convert them into glucose, which is more ordered?

The figure below demonstrates which key concept regarding cell activities?

In the setup shown in the figure below, which of the following statements would describe what would be observed after 12 hours of time have elapsed?

Enzymes are able to speed up the rate of a reaction by

The concentration of calcium in a cell is 3%. The concentration of calcium in the surrounding fluid is 1%. How could the cell obtain more calcium?

In feedback inhibition of a metabolic pathway, where does the inhibitor bind?

Which of the following enables a cell to pick up and concentrate a specific type of molecule?

The figure below represents a metabolic pathway. What happens if Enzyme2 is defective and nonfunctional?

Which of the following shows the flow of energy at the cellular level through the biosphere?

A View of Life

The Chemical Basis of Life

The Organic Molecules of Life

Inside the Cell

Energy for Life

Energy for Cells

Cellular Reproduction

Meiosis and the Genetic Basis of Sexual Reproduction

Patterns of Inheritance

DNA Biology and Technology

Biotechnology and Genomics

Genetic Counseling

Darwin and Evolution

Evolution on a Small Scale

Evolution on a Large Scale

The Microorganisms: Viruses, Bacteria, and Protists

The Plants and Fungi

The Animals

Plant Anatomy and Growth

Plant Responses and Reproduction

Being Organized and Steady

The Transport Systems

The Maintenance Systems

Digestion and Human Nutrition

Defenses Against Disease

The Control Systems

Sensory Input and Motor Output

Reproduction and Embryonic Development

Ecology of Populations

Communities and Ecosystems

Human Impact on the Biosphere

Filters

The figure below represents a metabolic pathway. What happens if Enzyme₂ is defective and nonfunctional?