Question 1

Assume that there is a strong positive correlation between two variables: variable A and variable B. If you know that a person's score on variable A is low,what would be your best prediction for the person's score on variable B?

Accepted Answer

A) The person's score on variable B should also be low. 
B) The person's score on variable B should be high. 
C) The person's score on variable B should be average. 
D) The person's score on variable B should be below average.

Question 2

In a memory experiment,participants are asked to learn a list of words and then are tested on the list and the number of words they recall is recorded.In total,participants will be learning three word lists.Each of the word lists is of equivalent difficulty,the first list contains proper nouns,the second list contains breeds of dogs,and the third is a list of kitchen appliances.After working with 20 participants,the researchers notice that participants are better at recalling the proper nouns,the first list of the three that they learn.How can the researchers be certain that proper nouns are actually easier to recall and are not recalled better because they are the first words participants learn?

Accepted Answer

A) vary the dependent variable between conditions. 
B) take a random sample of the participants' answers. 
C) add a control group that only learns proper nouns. 
D) counterbalance the order of the word lists.

Question 3

When a sample accurately reflects the important characteristics of the population from which it is drawn,it is said to be a(n)______________ sample.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When a sample accurately reflects the important...

Question 4

At the University of Western Ontario,Mel Goodale and his colleagues' studied a patient who had suffered from carbon monoxide poisoning and had suffered damage to several parts of her brain.The research on this patient provided evidence that perception and action can be processed independently,by different parts of the human brain.The research method used was:

Accepted Answer

A) case study. 
B) correlational study. 
C) experimental. 
D) naturalistic observation.

Question 5

In correlational research,______________ refers to the fact that variable x could cause variable y,or variable y could cause variable x.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In correlational research,______________ refers to the fact...

Question 6

One of the primary techniques for reducing both the placebo effect and experimenter expectancy effects is random selection.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

One disadvantage to ________________ as a method of measuring variables is that individuals often act differently when they know they are being observed.

Accepted Answer

The answer of One disadvantage to ________________ as a method...

Question 8

The double-blind procedure strengthens the internal validity of a study because:

Accepted Answer

A) it minimizes the effect of experimenter or participant expectations on the outcome of an experiment. 
B) it creates more confounding variables in the experiment so the experimenter can be assured of validity. 
C) it eliminates the problem of the participants' social desirability bias. 
D) it insures that a given sample is representative of the population from which it is drawn.

Question 9

A clinical psychologist has developed a new form of psychotherapy to treat a particular personality disorder.In order to test its effectiveness,a group of people with the personality disorder is selected to receive the therapy for 8 weeks.A second group of people with the disorder is also created,but this group receives no therapy at all.At the end of the 8 weeks,the mental health of people in both groups is assessed to evaluate the new psychotherapy.In this study,the people who did not receive any therapy would be in the:

Accepted Answer

A) experimental group. 
B) control group. 
C) random group. 
D) sample group.

Question 10

Which of the following is a disadvantage of the case study research method?

Accepted Answer

A) A single case study cannot be used to refute or challenge a theory. 
B) Case studies often have high internal validity. 
C) Case studies often have questionable generalizability. 
D) A case study is a poor method for studying rare events or people.

Question 11

When participants pick up cues about the hypothesis of a study and alter their behaviour accordingly,this threatens the ________ validity of the study.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When participants pick up cues about the...

Question 12

In an experiment,the independent variable is the one that it manipulated by the researcher.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

York University's Pepler and colleagues studied bullying behaviour by elementary-aged children as it occurred during school recess.They found that:

Accepted Answer

A) the observations made during the research permitted causal conclusions about bullying behaviour. 
B) the research methods did not influence the children's behaviours. 
C) the children's self-reports about bullying did not accurately reflect how the children were observed to behave. 
D) naturalistic observation was not an effective research method for studying children's bullying behaviour.

Question 14

A researcher conducted an experiment assessing the effect of alcohol and expectation on sexual arousal.How many independent variables are there in this experiment?

Accepted Answer

A) 0 
B) 1 
C) 2 
D) 3

Question 15

What type of research gathers information about an area of interest by administering questionnaires or interviews to many people?

Accepted Answer

A) case studies 
B) naturalistic observations 
C) survey research 
D) experimental research

Question 16

A researcher is interested in studying the frequency of aggression in school-aged children.Which would be the best method to use to measure aggression?

Accepted Answer

A) self-report measures 
B) behavioural observations 
C) physiological measures 
D) archival records

Question 17

Dr.Jones is interested in conducting a survey of all the college students at her university.She is careful when conducting her research to make sure that each student on campus has an equal opportunity to participate in her survey.To create her survey sample,Dr.Jones will use:

Accepted Answer

A) random sampling. 
B) random assignment. 
C) random preference. 
D) random appointment.

Question 18

Which of the following statements about deception is true?

Accepted Answer

A) The use of deception in research has increased in recent years. 
B) The vast majority of psychological experiments utilize deception. 
C) The vast majority of psychological experiments do not utilize deception. 
D) Psychological researchers generally agree about the value of deception.

Question 19

Scientists typically test their understanding through:

Accepted Answer

A) prediction and control. 
B) the use of narrative research. 
C) examining existing variables. 
D) the use of survey research.

Question 20

John Darley's and Bibb Latané's statement,"IF an emergency occurs,THEN the greater the number of bystanders,the less likely any one bystander will be to intervene" is best considered an example of a(n):

Accepted Answer

A) specific prediction. 
B) proven theory. 
C) behavioural correlation. 
D) initial research question.

Exam 2: Studying Behaviour Scientifically