Question 1

Historians suggest that in Nazi Germany, citizens who were reluctant to support the Nazi regime experienced a profound inconsistency between their private beliefs and

Accepted Answer

A)  running a private business in Germany. 
B)  enrolling their children in German schools. 
C)  reciting the public greeting "Heil Hitler" as a conformist greeting. 
D)  saluting the German flag but not the swastika.

Question 2

Yolanda works for the Department of Motor Vehicles in the Canadian government and has developed a new legislation that requires yearly vehicle inspections and mandatory glass replacements for any damage to a vehicle's windshield or windows. According to the principles in your text, which of the following outcomes is most likely?

Accepted Answer

A)  The public will resist the new law, and will continue to oppose it in years to come. 
B)  The public will resist the new law, but will come to offer more support for it in the future. 
C)  The public will accept the new law, but will come to oppose it in years to come. 
D)  The public will accept the new law, and come to strongly support it in the future.

Question 3

In applying the principle of cognitive dissonance to have others develop their own internal standards for new behaviour, managers, teachers, and parents should use _________ to elicit the desired behaviour.

Accepted Answer

A)  reminders of their legitimate authority 
B)  only social punishments and rewards 
C)  promises rather than threats 
D)  the smallest possible incentive

Question 4

Jack is tempted to shoplift an expensive camera even though he has a negative attitude about shoplifting. Jack is least likely to steal the camera if

Accepted Answer

A)  his negative attitude about shoplifting was learned from his teachers. 
B)  he notices there are few customers in the store. 
C)  he carefully looks at himself in a mirror. 
D)  he has recently shoplifted items from other stores.

Question 5

One prominent role given to us by our society is our __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  sexuality. 
B)  gender. 
C)  personality. 
D)  temperament.

Question 6

Kristine and her brother Ed have a friendly bet about which team, the Pittsburgh Penguins versus the Detroit Red Wings, is going to win the NHL playoffs. Kristine places her bet on the Penguins, and Ed on the Red Wings. Right after making their bet, both Kristine and Ed become overconfident that their team is going to win. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  the seeing-is-believing effect. 
B)  the deciding-becomes-believing effect. 
C)  the door-in-the-face phenomenon. 
D)  the believing-is-acting effect.

Question 7

Although dissonance theory successfully explains what happens when we act contrary to clearly defined attitudes, it does not explain

Accepted Answer

A)  attitude change. 
B)  the overjustification effect. 
C)  behaviour change. 
D)  the insufficient justification effect.

Question 8

According to the theory of planned behaviour, one's attitude, perceived social norms, and ______ together determine one's intentions, which guide behaviour.

Accepted Answer

A)  motivations 
B)  perceptions 
C)  feelings of control 
D)  judgment

Question 9

When the measured attitude is general and the behaviour is very specific, we _________ expect a close correspondence between words and actions. Attitudes _______ predict behaviour in 26 studies in which the measured attitude was directly pertinent to the situation.

Accepted Answer

A)  should; did not 
B)  should not; did 
C)  should not; did not 
D)  should; did

Question 10

Harry has always strongly believed that it is wrong to shoplift. But after he himself shoplifts some inexpensive jewellery, his attitude toward shoplifting becomes less harsh. Which theory best accounts for this attitude shift?

Accepted Answer

A)  role-playing theory 
B)  self-monitoring theory 
C)  self-perception theory 
D)  cognitive dissonance theory

Question 11

Carol is in a bad mood and has been moping around all day. Her friend Jessica convinces her to come out to a club and dance away her depression. Although Carol is skeptical, she goes and after a while, starts to feel in a more positive and energetic mood. This example demonstrates that

Accepted Answer

A)  emotion and behaviour are unrelated. 
B)  there is only a weak relationship between behaviour and attitudes. 
C)  going through the motions can trigger the emotions. 
D)  affiliation with others is a good cure for "the blues."

Question 12

Which of the following statements about the effects of moral and immoral action is correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  Just as immoral actions corrode the conscience of those who perform them, moral actions affect the actor in positive ways. 
B)  People induced to act in evil ways quickly renounce this pattern, while those coaxed to do good continue the pattern. 
C)  Moral acts are internalized only if they are prompted by significant rewards or threats. 
D)  None of the choices are correct.

Question 13

Impression management is to _______________ as cognitive dissonance is to _____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  overjustification; insufficient justification 
B)  Bem; Festinger 
C)  self-monitoring; self-presentation 
D)  self-presentation; self-justification

Question 14

Susan and her classmates just finished the sex education portion of their health course in junior high school. The information that Susan learned helped her to decide that she doesn't want to engage in casual sexual relations and feels that they are wrong. According to research, her attitude on sexual relationships will lead to which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Her attitude will influence her behaviours and she will refrain from casual sex. 
B)  Her attitude is unlikely to influence later behaviours concerning casual sex. 
C)  Her attitude will strengthen over time and cause her to avoid all sexual relationships until she is married. 
D)  She will engage in casual sexual relations and behaviours opposite to her attitude because of cognitive dissonance.

Question 15

Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  People feel more confident just after betting on a horse than just before betting. 
B)  Contestants at a carnival game feel more confident of winning before agreeing to play than just after agreeing to play. 
C)  Voters are more confident in a candidate just before voting than just after voting. 
D)  All of the choices are correct.

Question 16

In 1957, Leon Festinger concluded that the evidence to date

Accepted Answer

A)  did not show that attitudes guide behaviour. 
B)  did show that attitudes guide behaviour. 
C)  was irrelevant to the attitude-behaviour relation. 
D)  None of the choices are correct.

Question 17

Deciding-is-believing causes voters to indicate more esteem and confidence in a candidate

Accepted Answer

A)  long before they vote. 
B)  just before they vote. 
C)  just after they vote. 
D)  just after the results are known.

Question 18

Research on dissonance theory suggests that the attitudes-follow-behaviour effect is strongest when

Accepted Answer

A)  people have some choice in their behaviour. 
B)  the behaviour has undesirable consequences. 
C)  the person feels that they should have foreseen the consequences of their behaviour. 
D)  all of the choices are correct.

Question 19

An analysis of social movements suggests that

Accepted Answer

A)  totalitarian attitudes determine genocidal behaviour. 
B)  attitudes often follow behaviour. 
C)  attitudes are rarely influenced by behaviour at the level of social movements. 
D)  brainwashing has no psychological basis.

Question 20

If you want to increase the potency of your attitude toward helping the homeless, one of the most effective things you could do is

Accepted Answer

A)  read about the problem of homelessness. 
B)  help out regularly at the local homeless shelter. 
C)  listen to inspirational tapes on the topic of helping the needy. 
D)  none of the choices are correct.

Exam 4: Behaviour and Attitudes