Question 1

______ includes the processes of reducing,elaborating,transforming,and storing stimuli.

Accepted Answer

A)  Uncertainty
B)  Cognition
C)  Causes
D)  Effects B

Question 2

According to CDT,______ results from an individual's internal struggle to change beliefs or behaviors to restore consonance.

Accepted Answer

A)  motivation
B)  passivity
C)  attribution
D)  dispositional factors A

Question 3

______ is a post-decision theory.

Accepted Answer

A)  Attribution theory
B)  Uncertainty reduction theory
C)  Expectancy violations theory
D)  Cognitive dissonance theory D

Question 4

Ellen expects her boss,Angela,to treat her with respect.One day Angela screams at Ellen,angrily saying "Can't you do anything right?" Ellen is very upset.How would expectancy violation theory predict that Ellen will respond?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ellen will equivocate.
B)  Ellen will reciprocate.
C)  Ellen will dispensate.
D)  Ellen will compensate.

Question 5

Ryan is starting a new job and is both excited and nervous.At his previous job,employees always ate lunch at their desks and often worked 10-12 hour days.With the new job,Ryan isn't sure what to expect--should he stay late? Should he pack a lunch? Should he wear a suit? According to Berger,Ryan's questions are examples of ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  behavioral uncertainty
B)  deviance
C)  expectancy violation valence
D)  passive uncertainty reduction

Question 6

Mae does not support the governor and the initiatives of the governor.When commercials come on the TV,Mae changes the channel.How is Mae trying to prevent dissonance?

Accepted Answer

A)  selective exposure
B)  selective attention
C)  selective interpretation
D)  selective retention

Question 7

Phil cheated on Dani.Dani forgives him because he has never cheated on her before or even flirted with others.Dani is using ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  consensus
B)  consistency
C)  distinctiveness
D)  hedonic relevance

Question 8

Cognitive dissonance theory predicts that individuals will decipher ambiguous information so it seems to be congruent with established beliefs.This is known as ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  selective exposure
B)  selective attention
C)  selective interpretation
D)  selective retention

Question 9

Pam recently met Bill.However,she has no desire to reduce her uncertainty about Bill.How would Berger and Calabrese explain this situation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bill acts strangely.
B)  Bill is withholding something Pam wants.
C)  Bill thinks Pam will benefit him.
D)  Pam must not expect to see Bill again.

Question 10

Early Attribution theory research posited that the intent of dispositional behaviors were the most important.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

______ is most likely to lead to a change,either in behavior or beliefs.

Accepted Answer

A)  Irrelevance
B)  Consonance
C)  Dissonance
D)  Schemata

Question 12

Hedonic relevance shapes your assessment of the actor's intentions.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

When Burgoon first developed her theory,she was initially interested in what happens when someone ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  compensates instead of reciprocates
B)  infringes on our personal space
C)  makes a dispositional attribution instead of a situational one
D)  meets a new person for the first time

Question 14

Explain communicator reward valence.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain communicator reward valence....

Question 15

When consensus is high,consistency is low,and distinctiveness is high,we tend to make ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  situational (external) attributions
B)  dispositional (internal) attributions
C)  the fundamental attribution error
D)  correspondent inferences

Question 16

Saul would like to buy a new car that is more environmentally friendly,however,his son is joining several soccer teams (he is getting to be a very good player),and his wife would like to return to school and finish up her last few credits.How is Saul trying to prevent dissonance?

Accepted Answer

A)  perceived importance
B)  dissonance ratio
C)  rationalize
D)  schemata

Question 17

Judgments and conclusions that provide reasons for behavior are called ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  uncertainties
B)  reciprocities
C)  attributions
D)  situational factors

Question 18

The ______ is the proportion of incongruent beliefs held in relation to the number of consonant beliefs.

Accepted Answer

A)  selective exposure
B)  post-decision theory
C)  selective attention
D)  dissonance ratio

Question 19

Consensus is the best indicator of whether a behavior is situational or dispositional.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Regina is bragging to her group members in class that she received a refund from a salon twice.She didn't report or return the second mistaken refund.Cera doesn't know Regina very well,and she asks the other group members what they would have done in that situation.Cera is using ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  consensus
B)  consistency
C)  distinctiveness
D)  hedonic relevance

Exam 3: Cognition and Intrapersonal Communication

______ includes the processes of reducing,elaborating,transforming,and storing stimuli.

According to CDT,______ results from an individual's internal struggle to change beliefs or behaviors to restore consonance.

______ is a post-decision theory.

Ellen expects her boss,Angela,to treat her with respect.One day Angela screams at Ellen,angrily saying "Can't you do anything right?" Ellen is very upset.How would expectancy violation theory predict that Ellen will respond?

Mae does not support the governor and the initiatives of the governor.When commercials come on the TV,Mae changes the channel.How is Mae trying to prevent dissonance?

Phil cheated on Dani.Dani forgives him because he has never cheated on her before or even flirted with others.Dani is using ______.

Cognitive dissonance theory predicts that individuals will decipher ambiguous information so it seems to be congruent with established beliefs.This is known as ______.

Pam recently met Bill.However,she has no desire to reduce her uncertainty about Bill.How would Berger and Calabrese explain this situation?

Early Attribution theory research posited that the intent of dispositional behaviors were the most important.

______ is most likely to lead to a change,either in behavior or beliefs.

Hedonic relevance shapes your assessment of the actor's intentions.

When Burgoon first developed her theory,she was initially interested in what happens when someone ______.

Explain communicator reward valence.

When consensus is high,consistency is low,and distinctiveness is high,we tend to make ______.

Saul would like to buy a new car that is more environmentally friendly,however,his son is joining several soccer teams (he is getting to be a very good player) ,and his wife would like to return to school and finish up her last few credits.How is Saul trying to prevent dissonance?

Judgments and conclusions that provide reasons for behavior are called ______.

The ______ is the proportion of incongruent beliefs held in relation to the number of consonant beliefs.

Consensus is the best indicator of whether a behavior is situational or dispositional.

Regina is bragging to her group members in class that she received a refund from a salon twice.She didn't report or return the second mistaken refund.Cera doesn't know Regina very well,and she asks the other group members what they would have done in that situation.Cera is using ______.