Question 1

What is the foundation needed for gross motor skills to learn to walk?

Accepted Answer

A)  Postural control and fine motor skills 
B)  Cognitive skills and locomotion 
C)  Locomotion and postural control 
D)  Locomotion and cognitive skills

Question 2

The fiber that carries signals toward the neuron's cell body is called a(n):

Accepted Answer

A)  axon. 
B)  dendrite. 
C)  neurotransmitter. 
D)  synapse.

Question 3

Baby Max watches his mother jingle her keys in front of him. After several minutes, he looks away, no longer interested. This would indicate that he has habituated as he is showing a(n) _____ to a stimulus after repeated presentations of the stimulus.

Accepted Answer

A)  decreased responsiveness 
B)  increased familiarity 
C)  increased interest 
D)  decreased anxiety

Question 4

Fantz's research method-studying whether infants can distinguish one stimulus from another by measuring the length of time they attend to different stimuli-is referred to as the:

Accepted Answer

A)  habituation and dishabituation method. 
B)  orienting response and tracking method. 
C)  visual preference method. 
D)  high amplitude sucking method.

Question 5

The _____ is the area of the brain where higher level thinking and self-regulation occur.

Accepted Answer

A)  visual cortex 
B)  myelin sheath 
C)  prefrontal cortex 
D)  neural tube

Question 6

Nouns are among the easiest words for children to learn because they:

Accepted Answer

A)  generally are abstract and not confined by pragmatics. 
B)  generally are perceptually accessible. 
C)  tend to rhyme and are more fun to articulate. 
D)  usually start with vowels, which make them easier to pronounce.

Question 7

Three-year-old Jesse used to call all moving vehicles "car." He now accurately categorizes moving vehicles into trucks, cars, motorcycles, and buses. Jesse has _____ to fit new information into his existing scheme.

Accepted Answer

A)  accommodated 
B)  assimilated 
C)  associated 
D)  applied

Question 8

Using Piaget's vocabulary, describe what happens when disequilibrium motivates movement to a new way of thinking. Use the example of a child who thinks that anything fuzzy with four legs is a "puppy," and how that scheme might change.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Using Piaget's vocabulary, describe what happens when...

Question 9

According to research by Hamlin on preverbal infants, a sense of morality may be present as early as

Accepted Answer

A)  one week after birth. 
B)  one month after birth. 
C)  four months after birth. 
D)  eight months after birth.

Question 10

_____ occurs when children adjust their schemes to take new information and experiences into account.

Accepted Answer

A)  Association 
B)  Accommodation 
C)  Assimilation 
D)  Application

Question 11

In Piaget's theory, schemes are:

Accepted Answer

A)  actions or mental representations that organize knowledge. 
B)  the incorporation of new information into existing knowledge. 
C)  groups of behaviors. 
D)  knowledge that has been adjusted to fit new experiences.

Question 12

According to your textbook, infants' information-processing abilities:

Accepted Answer

A)  develop much more rapidly than was originally believed. 
B)  develop more gradually and continuously than was originally believed. 
C)  develop in parallel with their emotional advances. 
D)  develop fully in the first six months of life.

Question 13

Sarah shows her baby a colorful block several times. The baby looks carefully at the block at first, but then turns her attention to a different toy after seeing the block a few times. If at this point Sarah shows her baby a solid green ball, the baby will again look carefully at the item. This change is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  memory. 
B)  imitation. 
C)  habituation. 
D)  dishabituation.

Question 14

Cheyenne, a four-month-old, is learning to reach out and grab stuffed dolls out of a plastic bin. Her movements are guided by:

Accepted Answer

A)  keeping her limbs in sight. 
B)  touch. 
C)  cues from muscles, tendons, and joints. 
D)  auditory cues.

Question 15

What is child-directed speech? What are some other strategies adults use to increase infants' acquisition of language? Provide an example of an adult using child-directed speech.

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is child-directed speech? What are some...

Question 16

Madison noticed that she is finally able to get her son, Sam, to look when she points to something and says the name or the color of the object. Based on research, it is likely that Sam is between ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  1 and 6 weeks old 
B)  1 and 4 months old 
C)  4 and 8 months old 
D)  8 and 12 months old

Question 17

When Abraham describes to his friend what he did last summer on vacation, he is relying on his _____ memory.

Accepted Answer

A)  implicit 
B)  explicit 
C)  procedural 
D)  semantic

Question 18

The _____ view emphasizes the interaction of the plasticity of the brain, genetic inheritance, and an enriched or impoverished environment.

Accepted Answer

A)  neuroconstructivist 
B)  dynamic systems 
C)  genetic 
D)  ecological

Question 19

When Zachary hears a joke and then laughs, he is first _____ the information and then _____ it.

Accepted Answer

A)  studying; locating 
B)  locating; studying 
C)  sensing; perceiving 
D)  perceiving; sensing

Question 20

At birth, the newborn's brain is about _____ of its adult weight.

Accepted Answer

A)  10% 
B)  25% 
C)  50% 
D)  75%

Exam 3: Physical and Cognitive Development in Infancy