Question 1

Recent studies indicate that children from divorced families are more likely to suffer from all of the following problems EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A) they have a higher divorce rate as adults 
B) they are more likely to drop out of school 
C) they are more likely to become unmarried teen parents 
D) they are more likely to have a criminal record

Question 2

Describe assimilation and accommodation. How are they related to cognitive development?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe assimilation and accommodation. How are they...

Question 3

Piaget's theory of cognitive development suggests a number of milestones to achieve in moving from one stage to another. The milestone for moving from the preoperational stage to the concrete operations stage is achieving or resolving

Accepted Answer

A) conservation 
B) object permanence 
C) schema intergration 
D) abstract thought 
E) self actualization

Question 4

According to Lawrence Kohlberg's model of moral development, all of the following should be true EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A) children make moral decisions based on punishment before they make them based on rewards 
B) children make moral decisions based on social expectations before they make them based on rewards 
C) children make moral decisions based on rules that must be obeyed before they make them based on social expectations 
D) children make moral decisions based on individual rights before they make them based on abstract, ethical principles that are universal

Question 5

Which of the following was mentioned as one of the methods used by developmental psychologists to study the sensory capabilities and perceptual preferences of infants?

Accepted Answer

A) The MRI 
B) The EEG 
C) Infant IQ tests 
D) The preferential looking procedure

Question 6

In June's ethics class, students are required to defend their beliefs and explain why they subscribe to them. June believes strongly in the values she holds, but she isn't sure how to defend them, because her parents taught her the values and she has simply never questioned them. James Marcia would say that June's identity status in regard to ethics is

Accepted Answer

A) identity diffusion. 
B) foreclosure. 
C) moratorium. 
D) identity achievement. 
E) an imaginary audience.

Question 7

A young infant is forming attachment bonds. If the attachment is developed with mom and dad only, Bowlby's theory of attachment would consider this

Accepted Answer

A) discriminate attachment 
B) indiscriminate attachment 
C) a non-specific attachment behaviour 
D) a specific attachment behaviour 
E) contact attachment

Question 8

When we compare Piaget's view of cognitive development with the information processing view

Accepted Answer

A) both approaches acknowledge that the child plays a passive role in their own development 
B) both approaches see the child as playing an active role in their own development 
C) both approaches view that changes occur abruptly 
D) the Piagetian view is that children play an active role whereas in the information processing view the child's role is more passive

Question 9

Mrs. Lee has just found out that she has stage 4 cancer and will probably not live for another year. She thinks that her doctor is terribly wrong and wants a second and a third opinion. She knows that this could not happen to her-she has done everything "right" all of her life. According to Kubler-Ross's theory about death, Mrs. Lee is currently in the stage of _____, which will be directly followed by _____.

Accepted Answer

A) acceptance; anger 
B) denial; anger 
C) bargaining; depression 
D) depression; acceptance 
E) anger; denial

Question 10

Michael is playing ball with his father when the ball rolls under the sofa. Michael turns his attention to another toy, not even attempting to look under the sofa for the ball. Piaget would say that Michael has

Accepted Answer

A) not yet developed object permanence 
B) a limited attention span 
C) not yet developed the ability to conserve 
D) a strong attachment to his father

Question 11

Your grandmother is just about to have her 77th birthday. According to results from studies examining the information-processing changes that occur with age, which of the following areas would you expect to be least impaired by the process of aging?

Accepted Answer

A) Memory for new information 
B) Recall memory 
C) Memory for familiar information 
D) Speed of processing

Question 12

Diana Baumrind (1967) identified two key dimensions of parental behaviour as __________ and __________.

Accepted Answer

A) discipline versus permissiveness; restrictiveness versus permissiveness 
B) restrictiveness versus permissiveness; guidance versus rules 
C) consideration versus rudeness; warmth versus hostility 
D) warmth versus hostility; restrictiveness versus permissiveness

Question 13

Sally is interested in comparing the effects of video game violence on aggression in several different age groups. Which of the following groups would a cross-sectional design be confounded by the age of the cohorts?

Accepted Answer

A) 14, 15, 16, and 17 year olds 
B) 2, 3, 4, and 5 year olds 
C) 10, 12, 14, and 16 year olds 
D) 5, 15, 30, and 60 year olds

Question 14

A teenager has not really experienced an identity crisis and appears unconcerned about identity issues. According to Marcia's work on the search for identity, this teenager is in a state of

Accepted Answer

A) foreclosure 
B) moratorium 
C) identity achievement 
D) identity diffusion 
E) role confusion

Question 15

In the short and long term, how do children generally respond to parental divorce? What factors enhance their adjustment to divorce and remarriage?

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the short and long term, how...

Question 16

A child shows object permanence but fails on a conservation problem. According to Piaget, this child is in the

Accepted Answer

A) formal operational stage 
B) sensorimotor stage 
C) preoperational stage 
D) concrete operational stage 
E) zone of proximal development

Question 17

When placed in the strange situation, Eric shows no distress at all when his mother leaves the room, and by the same token, he is not very excited when she returns. Overall, he doesn't appear to be very attached to his mother, but he doesn't resist when she picks him up to give him a kiss. Eric would most likely be classified as

Accepted Answer

A) anxious-avoidant 
B) securely attached 
C) anxious-resistant 
D) resistant-avoidant 
E) cannot classify

Question 18

Which of Diana Baumrind's parenting styles, is associated with the most positive outcomes such as higher self-esteem, high academic achievement, fewer conduct problems, and consideration of others?

Accepted Answer

A) Authoritarian 
B) Authoritative 
C) Neglectful 
D) Indulgent

Question 19

James Marcia (1966, 2002) proposed that people could be classified as having an "identity status." Individuals who seem unconcerned or even cynical about identity issues, and are not committed to a coherent set of values, are classified as having a(n) __________ status.

Accepted Answer

A) identity diffusion 
B) foreclosure 
C) moratorium 
D) identity achievement

Question 20

A study found that children over age 3 who grew up with older brothers or sisters performed better on a cognitive task than did children with no siblings or younger siblings. This is consistent with the concept of ____________________.

Accepted Answer

A) the zone of proximal development 
B) egocentrism 
C) animism 
D) irreversibility

Exam 12: Development Over the Lifespan