Question 1

In order to determine whether women talk more than men, a group of researchers used an electronically activated recorder to track people's conversations, counting the number of words spoken in a day by women and men. These researchers used the recorder during which step in the scientific method?

Accepted Answer

A) gathering evidence to test the hypothesis 
B) theory building 
C) defining the problem 
D) proposing a hypothesis

Question 2

Which psychologist said, "Give me a dozen healthy infants ... and I'll guarantee to take any one at random and train him to become any type of specialist I might select ..."?

Accepted Answer

A) William James 
B) Ivan Pavlov 
C) Sigmund Freud 
D) John Watson

Question 3

Scientific observation is based on the

Accepted Answer

A) gathering of introspective data. 
B) utilization of personal, subjective data. 
C) utilization of common sense theories and everyday personal experiences. 
D) systematic gathering of empirical evidence.

Question 4

Describe the survey method, including when this method would be used and the importance of using a representative sample; and discuss the advantages and limitations of this method and the increasing use of Internet surveys in psychological research.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the survey method, including when this...

Question 5

According to the text, which of the following is NOT an essential variable found in a psychological experiment?

Accepted Answer

A) mediating 
B) independent 
C) extraneous 
D) dependent

Question 6

The anthropomorphic error would pose the greatest problem for which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) clinical psychologist 
B) Freudian psychologist 
C) humanist 
D) comparative psychologist

Question 7

In the prediction of personality, which of the following would be considered a pseudoscience?

Accepted Answer

A) graphology 
B) psychoanalysis 
C) humanism 
D) psychometrics

Question 8

Naturalistic observation, correlational studies, the clinical method, and the survey method are considered __________ methods.

Accepted Answer

A) experimental 
B) nonexperimental 
C) nonscientific 
D) placebo bias

Question 9

The dependent variable is often revealed by measures of performance, such as test scores.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Which view within the psychological perspective sees behavior as the result of hidden, clashing forces within one's personality?

Accepted Answer

A) cognitive 
B) humanistic 
C) psychodynamic 
D) biopsychological

Question 11

Which of the following statements regarding the process of introspection is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) People often disagreed regarding the perceptions they obtained during introspection. 
B) Introspection was the main technique utilized by the behaviorists. 
C) Wundt first used the method of introspection in his lab to probe his reactions to various stimuli. 
D) Introspection is still used today as one source of insight in studies of hypnosis, meditation, problem solving, and moods.

Question 12

In an experiment to test the effects of a new flu drug, two groups are used. One group is given the drug, the other group is given a placebo. The group that receives the placebo is called the __________ group.

Accepted Answer

A) independent 
B) experimental 
C) dependent 
D) control

Question 13

Nadine is in the group that does not receive the independent variable. Nadine is in the _________ group.

Accepted Answer

A) independent 
B) dependent 
C) control 
D) experimental

Question 14

In Wilson and Nesbitt's experiment, shoppers were asked to examine four pairs of silk stockings hanging on a rack, choose the highest quality pair, and explain their choice. Although the serial position of the stockings on the rack strongly influenced the shopper's choices, no shopper gave serial position as a subjective reason for his or her choice. Thus, the results of this experiment indicated that much of our thinking, like the shoppers, actually takes place in the part of the mind of which we are subjectively unaware and therefore not open to our introspection. This part of the mind is referred to as the

Accepted Answer

A) autokinetic level. 
B) fluid intelligence. 
C) cognitive unconscious. 
D) dissociative state.

Question 15

Students who do better in high school tend to do better in college. This is an example of a __________ correlation.

Accepted Answer

A) negative 
B) zero 
C) positive 
D) perfect

Question 16

In research, human subjects, but not animals, are referred to as

Accepted Answer

A) participants. 
B) experimental subjects. 
C) control variables. 
D) extraneous variables.

Question 17

In shaping our personalities, Freud stressed the role of

Accepted Answer

A) self-actualization. 
B) conditioned responses. 
C) rewards and punishments. 
D) unconscious conflicts.

Question 18

A psychologist interested in improving the reliability of eyewitness testimony during trials would most likely be a forensic psychologist.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Which psychology has gained prominence in recent years as researchers have devised ways to objectively study covert behaviors, such as thinking, memory, language, problem-solving, consciousness, and creativity?

Accepted Answer

A) cognitive psychology 
B) psychodynamic psychology 
C) structuralism 
D) humanistic psychology

Question 20

Humanists seek to understand

Accepted Answer

A) the role of rewards and punishments in controlling behavior. 
B) how people perceive themselves and experience the world. 
C) how childhood experiences influence adult behavior. 
D) the role of dreams in determining behavior.

Exam 1: Psychology, Critical Thinking, and Science

In order to determine whether women talk more than men, a group of researchers used an electronically activated recorder to track people's conversations, counting the number of words spoken in a day by women and men. These researchers used the recorder during which step in the scientific method?

Which psychologist said, "Give me a dozen healthy infants ... and I'll guarantee to take any one at random and train him to become any type of specialist I might select ..."?

Scientific observation is based on the

Describe the survey method, including when this method would be used and the importance of using a representative sample; and discuss the advantages and limitations of this method and the increasing use of Internet surveys in psychological research.

According to the text, which of the following is NOT an essential variable found in a psychological experiment?

The anthropomorphic error would pose the greatest problem for which of the following?

In the prediction of personality, which of the following would be considered a pseudoscience?

Naturalistic observation, correlational studies, the clinical method, and the survey method are considered __________ methods.

The dependent variable is often revealed by measures of performance, such as test scores.

Which view within the psychological perspective sees behavior as the result of hidden, clashing forces within one's personality?

Which of the following statements regarding the process of introspection is FALSE?

In an experiment to test the effects of a new flu drug, two groups are used. One group is given the drug, the other group is given a placebo. The group that receives the placebo is called the __________ group.

Nadine is in the group that does not receive the independent variable. Nadine is in the _________ group.

Students who do better in high school tend to do better in college. This is an example of a __________ correlation.

In research, human subjects, but not animals, are referred to as

In shaping our personalities, Freud stressed the role of

A psychologist interested in improving the reliability of eyewitness testimony during trials would most likely be a forensic psychologist.

Which psychology has gained prominence in recent years as researchers have devised ways to objectively study covert behaviors, such as thinking, memory, language, problem-solving, consciousness, and creativity?

Humanists seek to understand