Question 1

The term "shrink" is a slang expression for

Accepted Answer

A) a psychologist. 
B) a psychiatrist. 
C) a counselor or therapist. 
D) all of these.

Question 2

In a research study, when the subjects do not know who is in the experimental group and who is in the control group, but the experimenters do know, the study is called a(n)__________ experiment.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In a research study, when the subjects...

Question 3

Which of the following psychological approaches is matched correctly to its view of human nature?

Accepted Answer

A) behaviorist------------------positive, philosophical view 
B) humanistic------------------neutral, scientific, somewhat mechanistic view 
C) psychodynamic------------somewhat negative, pessimistic view 
D) cognitive--------------------positive, philosophical view

Question 4

It is important for critical thinkers to follow the opinion of an expert without skepticism.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Which of the following coefficients of correlation indicates the STRONGEST relationship between two sets of variables?

Accepted Answer

A) -0.80 
B) -.10 
C) +1.25 
D) +.90

Question 6

Requiring a master's degree and one to two years of supervised experience, this mental health professional does not treat serious mental disorders but uses practical helping skills with clients who have problems in their marriage, family, or career. This mental health professional described is a

Accepted Answer

A) psychiatrist. 
B) psychoanalyst. 
C) clinical advisor. 
D) licensed counselor.

Question 7

Trena is a psychologist, who has conducted research into the spread of sexually transmitted diseases among teenagers and is presently setting up an educational program for the schools throughout her region. Her program will promote education, prevention, and treatment of the major sexually transmitted diseases. Trena is most likely a(n)__________ psychologist.

Accepted Answer

A) educational 
B) developmental 
C) environmental 
D) community

Question 8

The modern media, and especially the Internet, function as a giant "echo chamber" awash with rumors, hoaxes, half-truths, and urban legends like the one about giant alligators living in New York sewers. Therefore, as a critical thinker, you should

Accepted Answer

A) be skeptical. 
B) be wary of overly complex explanations. 
C) remember that truth is often stranger than fiction. 
D) remember that numerous postings of information on the Internet are required to establish proof.

Question 9

A characteristic feature of research carried out by social psychologists is that it

Accepted Answer

A) is concerned with the effects of age and psychological growth. 
B) includes TOPIC (B-HEA
D) s such as arousal, EEG, biochemistry, and neurons. 
C) includes TOPIC (B-HEA
D) s such as attitudes, conformity, leadership, and prejudice. 
D) is concerned with the design of machines to be used by people.

Question 10

The behaviorist approach that rejects both introspection and any study of covert mental events, such as thinking, as inappropriate TOPIC (B-HEAD)s for scientific psychology is called __________ behaviorism.

Accepted Answer

A) analytic 
B) implicit 
C) cognitive 
D) radical

Question 11

At one time, psychologists had to rely on the subjective reports of people who said that they never dream. When the EEG was invented, it was found that everyone dreams every night. Thus, until the invention of the EEG, sleep and dreaming were not objectively studied because

Accepted Answer

A) it was unethical to watch people sleep. 
B) it was not considered a suitable TOPIC (B-HEA
D) for psychological research. 
C) there was not a suitable research method available to study the TOPIC (B-HEA
D) . 
D) there was a lack of interest in understanding sleep and dreaming.

Question 12

In a journal article, the researcher reported that statistically significant differences were found between the two groups in the study. This outcome from the investigation would be found in which sections(s)of the research article?

Accepted Answer

A) results 
B) introduction 
C) method 
D) all of these

Question 13

In order to carefully control conditions and confirm or disconfirm a hypothesis about the causes of behavior, one must

Accepted Answer

A) engage in naturalistic observation. 
B) develop a causal correlation. 
C) perform an experiment. 
D) conduct a survey.

Question 14

Rather than working with severe disorders, Dr. Chantel tends to treat milder disorders. On most days, she conducts psychotherapy with clients who are experiencing adjustment problems due to job loss or divorce or helping clients with parenting issues. Dr. Chantel is most likely a __________ psychologist.

Accepted Answer

A) clinical 
B) counseling 
C) comparative 
D) social

Question 15

Psychologists are limited in the conclusions that can be drawn from case studies because case studies

Accepted Answer

A) lack cultural relativity. 
B) are subject to the Barnum effect. 
C) lack formal control groups. 
D) tend to create negative correlations.

Question 16

The German word Gestalt means

Accepted Answer

A) imageless thought. 
B) mental chemistry. 
C) form, pattern, or whole. 
D) dynamic unconscious.

Question 17

Psychologists in which school of thought believed that thinking, learning, and perception should be studied in whole units rather than analyzing these experiences into smaller parts?

Accepted Answer

A) behaviorism 
B) psychoanalytic psychology 
C) structuralism 
D) Gestalt psychology

Question 18

Functionalism promoted the study of people at work, which is now called __________ psychology.

Accepted Answer

A) industrial\organizational 
B) forensic 
C) comparative 
D) humanistic

Question 19

The structuralist school of psychology

Accepted Answer

A) used introspection to analyze conscious experience. 
B) relied heavily on the concept of natural selection. 
C) was concerned with experiences as wholes. 
D) used dream analysis to reveal the unconscious.

Question 20

Which school of thought brought the study of animals to psychology and also promoted educational psychology and industrial\organizational psychology?

Accepted Answer

A) structuralism 
B) functionalism 
C) humanistic psychology 
D) Gestalt psychology

Exam 1: Psychology, Critical Thinking, and Science