Question 1

The aim of comparative criminology is to make generalizations about crime within social contexts and cross-national parameters.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 2

Transnational crime is crime committed

Accepted Answer

A)   in only one country.
B)   in one state.
C)   across borders or national boundaries.
D)   none of the above. C

Question 3

From her study of 110 societies' sexual practices, Brown concluded that in every society when a sexual practice is forbidden the most, it is

Accepted Answer

A)   punished the most severely.
B)   punished the least severely.
C)   never punished because no one finds out about it.
D)   moderately punished. A

Question 4

Transnational crime (TNC) is sometimes called border-crossing crime. Either way this form of crime poses specific problems for criminologists. Briefly explain what some of these problems are and why they are problematic.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Transnational crime (TNC) is sometimes called border-crossing...

Question 5

Summarize the modernization thesis, including why it is controversial, data that support the thesis, and the few cases that seem not to.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Summarize the modernization thesis, including why it...

Question 6

What was the death toll from the 1984 Bhopal chemical disaster by 2013?

Accepted Answer

A)   1,000 to 5,000
B)   4,000 to 7,000
C)   15,000 to 20,000
D)   20,000 to 24,000

Question 7

Write a brief essay that demonstrates your understanding of comparative criminology. What is it and what does it attempt to do? What are some of the major sources of data for comparative criminologists? What sorts of issues must criminologists take note of when making cross-cultural crime comparisons?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Write a brief essay that demonstrates your...

Question 8

What reason have scholars given to explain Japan's low crime rates?

Accepted Answer

A)   Cultural expectations of conformity.
B)   Rampant economic productivity.
C)   Traditional family values where women raise children under the control of men.
D)   Buddhist practices of humility and honor.

Question 9

One of the most commonly accepted generalizations about crime around the world is that crime is caused by

Accepted Answer

A)   cultural conflict and social disorganization.
B)   modernization and urbanization.
C)   differential reinforcement and differential association.
D)   economic inequality and age distributions.

Question 10

Which of the following is a problematic assumption made by Brown?

Accepted Answer

A)   Homosexuality has been prohibited throughout time.
B)   All sexual behavior is subject to societal regulation in culturally distinct ways.
C)   Punishment is rank-ordered in terms of severity across all cultures at all times.
D)   Incest practices across cultures are based on culturally sensitive definitions.

Question 11

Criticisms of Brown's research include that her findings cannot be

Accepted Answer

A)   denied by studying the same cultures over again.
B)   confirmed by studying other cultures.
C)   replicated.
D)   validated by historical data.

Question 12

Criticisms of Brown's research hinge on the fact that she made certain assumptions about the

Accepted Answer

A)   cultural meaning of each type of sexual practice.
B)   seriousness of punishment as a form of redress.
C)   importance of sex in society.
D)   both a and b.

Question 13

The Republic of Ireland's low crime rates have NOT been attributed to

Accepted Answer

A)   relatively good relations between police and citizens.
B)   immigration.
C)   the influence of the Roman Catholic Church.
D)   all of the above are reasons for the low Irish crime rate.

Question 14

In Brown's study of comparative sexual practices, she attempted to demonstrate that every known society has

Accepted Answer

A)   a range of approved sexual practices and another range of practices subject to taboo.
B)   some level of sexual repressiveness.
C)   some level of sexual permissiveness.
D)   strict and violent prohibitions against any nonheterosexual, nonprocreative sexual activity.

Question 15

The homicide rate in Japan is about __________ the rate in the United States.

Accepted Answer

A)   three-quarters
B)   half
C)   one-fifth
D)   one-tenth

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT one of the three stages that a comparative criminological study must follow?

Accepted Answer

A)   A generalization must be developed.
B)   A generalization must be tested in one culture at a single point in time.
C)   A generalization must be tested across two cultures that share the same common sociological features.
D)   A generalization must be tested across cultures that are completely dissimilar.

Question 17

One major flaw with Adler's study of low crime countries is that she

Accepted Answer

A)   fails to measure crimes committed by women.
B)   does not provide an adequate measure for economic inequality.
C)   directly challenges the cultural definitions of crime in each country.
D)   fails to tackle the tough conceptual and methodological issues facing comparative criminology.

Question 18

Which country has no standing army?

Accepted Answer

A)   Canada
B)   Mexico
C)   Ireland
D)   Costa Rica

Question 19

According to the International Crime Victimization Survey, which of the following has a rate of reporting to police that is 20 percent?

Accepted Answer

A)   The United States
B)   Sweden
C)   Brazil
D)   Switzerland

Question 20

Why are some scholars critical of the standard explanation for Japan's low crime rate?

Accepted Answer

A)   It doesn't explain high rates of individualistic white-collar crimes such as embezzlement.
B)   The data focus on corruption and corporations rather than conventional crimes.
C)   Japan's egalitarian income distribution, extensive social and welfare services, and absence of urban ghettos are not considered.
D)   The fixation on culture shows obvious Western cultural bias.

Exam 14: Comparative Criminology and Globalization