Question 1

In which of the following ways does a bacterial cell differ from an animal cell?

Accepted Answer

A) A bacterial cell is much larger than an animal cell. 
B) A bacterial cell has more mitochondria than an animal cell. 
C) A bacterial cell has RNA for its genetic material, whereas an animal cell does not. 
D) A bacterial cell does not have membrane-bound organelles, whereas an animal cell does.

Question 2

In a population of moths, wing color became darker over time. Which of the following is the best evidence that the change in wing color was an evolutionary change?

Accepted Answer

A) The size of the moth population changed. 
B) The average length of the moths' dark wings increased. 
C) The number of eggs that females laid during each breeding season increased 
D) The frequencies of the alleles for dark wing color in the moth population changed.

Question 3

Many land plants store energy in starch. When energy is needed, the starch molecules can be broken down quickly. This chemical reaction produces which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) amino acids 
B) lipids 
C) monosaccharides 
D) RNA chains

Question 4

Which of the following is one of the functions of the human skeleton?

Accepted Answer

A) producing hormones 
B) bringing gases into the body 
C) removing waste from the body 
D) providing a site for blood cell formation

Question 5

Female cattle that have white coats are crossed with male cattle that have red coats. Both male and female offspring have roan coats, which are coats with both red hairs and white hairs.Which of the following best describes the genetics of coat color in the cattle?

Accepted Answer

A) The red and white alleles are sex-linked. 
B) The red and white alleles are codominant. 
C) The red allele is recessive to the white allele. 
D) The red allele is dominant to the white allele.

Question 6

Which organism in the food web is classified into kingdom Fungi?

Accepted Answer

A) Idaho fescue 
B) king bolete 
C) migratory grasshopper 
D) yellow-bellied marmot

Question 7

Which of the following is the best example of an organism maintaining homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

A) a wolf panting after a chase 
B) a spider catching an insect in a web 
C) a cricket becoming infected by a virus 
D) a mole digging tunnels in the ground

Question 8

Which of the following is a function of the liver?

Accepted Answer

A) removing toxic compounds from the blood 
B) secreting digestive enzymes into the stomach 
C) producing white blood cells to fight infections 
D) converting food into smaller nutrient molecules

Question 9

Which of the following lists identifies organisms that are producers in food webs?

Accepted Answer

A) algae, ferns, sunflowers 
B) mushrooms, bacteria, earthworms 
C) termites, red foxes, shrews 
D) woodpeckers, cardinals, grasshoppers

Question 10

Which of the following distinguishes the organisms in the kingdom Fungi from other eukaryotic organisms?

Accepted Answer

A) Fungi are unicellular. 
B) Fungi reproduce sexually. 
C) Fungi obtain nutrients by absorption. 
D) Fungi make food through photosynthesis.

Question 11

A scientist is analyzing a sample of tissue from a plant. Which of the following elements will be most abundant in the sample?

Accepted Answer

A) zinc and copper 
B) sodium and chlorine 
C) carbon and hydrogen 
D) magnesium and calcium

Question 12

Which of the following features of DNA is most important in determining the phenotype of an organism?

Accepted Answer

A) the direction of the helical twist 
B) the number of deoxyribose sugars 
C) the sequence of nitrogenous bases 
D) the strength of the hydrogen bonds

Question 13

Degenerative nerve diseases destroy nerve cells. These diseases can lead to paralysis by interfering with which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) transport of hormones that stimulate muscle cells 
B) production of ATP that is required by muscle cells 
C) transmission of electrochemical signals from the brain to muscle cells 
D) exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between neurons and muscle cells

Question 14

In traditional landscaping, leaves are raked off the ground and bagged. In which of the following ways does this practice most significantly disrupt natural nutrient cycling?

Accepted Answer

A) It carries away microorganisms that can perform nitrogen fixation. 
B) It reduces the rate of oxygen and carbon cycling via photosynthesis. 
C) It prevents carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen from being returned to the soil. 
D) It increases the amount of carbon dioxide that is released to the atmosphere.

Question 15

Which of the following most likely happens in the cells of a person running in the Boston Marathon?

Accepted Answer

A) The respiration rate increases to produce more ATP. 
B) The replication rate increases to produce more DNA. 
C) The photosynthesis rate increases to produce more sugars. 
D) The cell division rate increases to produce more muscle fibers.

Question 16

In a certain variety of chicken, some offspring have a feather pattern that is black-and-white checkered. Chickens with this checkered feather pattern result from the cross of a black chicken with a white chicken.Which of the following types of inheritance is most likely responsible for the checkered feather pattern?

Accepted Answer

A) codominant 
B) dominant 
C) polygenic 
D) sex-linked

Question 17

Which of the following statements best describes an effect of pH on the functioning of salivary amylase?

Accepted Answer

A) Salivary amylase functions most effectively at a pH of about 4. 
B) Salivary amylase functions most effectively at a pH of about 7. 
C) Salivary amylase cannot break down starch into maltose at pH values less than 7. 
D) Salivary amylase breaks down protein instead of starch at pH values greater than 9.

Question 18

Caytonia is an extinct plant that existed between 200 and 140 million years ago. It had reproductive structures that resemblestructures in modern flowering plants. How do scientists know about the structures of this ancient extinct plant?

Accepted Answer

A) Scientists study the DNA sequences of Caytonia. 
B) Scientists genetically engineer modern plants to produce Caytonia. 
C) Scientists excavate and examine the fossilized remains of Caytonia. 
D) Scientists observe the adaptations of plants in habitats resembling those of Caytonia.

Question 19

The bones that make up the forelimbs of monkeys, cats, whales, and birds are similar. Which of the following statements best supports the evolutionary relationship of these animals?

Accepted Answer

A) The animals have different ancestries but have adapted to similar environments. 
B) The animals share a common ancestry but have adapted to different environments. 
C) The animals at one time lived in different environments but now share an environment. 
D) The animals use their forelimbs for identical activities but live in different environments.

Question 20

The rock pipit and the water pipit are two types of birds found in the United Kingdom and other areas of Europe. The rock pipit and the water pipit have similar appearances and their habitat ranges overlap.Which of the following observations most likely caused scientists to classify the birds as separate species?

Accepted Answer

A) The rock pipit is not able to produce fertile offspring with the water pipit. 
B) The rock pipit population in the United Kingdom is larger than the water pipit population. 
C) The rock pipit eats insects, fish, and seeds, but the water pipit eats only insects and larvae. 
D) The rock pipit remains in the United Kingdom year-round, but the water pipit only overwinters there.

Exam 1: Biology