Question 1

Similar structures are present in the embryos of fish, chickens, and rabbits. In fish, these structures develop into gills, but in chickens and rabbits, they either disappear or develop into other body parts later in embryonic development.Which of the statements below best explains the presence of these structures in the embryos of all three species?

Accepted Answer

A) The embryos of the three species are similar in size. 
B) Breathing structures are similar among the young of the three species. 
C) The three species have a common ancestor with these embryonic structures. 
D) The reproductive mechanisms are similar among the adults of the three species.

Question 2

Which of the following explains why legume plants are less likely than other terrestrial plants to experience nitrogen limitation?

Accepted Answer

A) Legume plants need less nitrogen than other plants do. 
B) Legume plants have nitrogen-fixing bacteria on their roots. 
C) Legume plants catch insects to supply themselves with nitrogen. 
D) Legume plants can absorb nitrogen directly from the atmosphere.

Question 3

A portion of one strand of a DNA molecule has the sequence shown below.ACCTGAAGGAssuming there are no mutations in this portion of the DNA, what is the corresponding sequence on the complementary DNA strand?

Accepted Answer

A) ACCTGAAGG 
B) GTTCAGGAA 
C) TGGACTTCC 
D) UGGACUUCC

Question 4

Two spotted leopards produce a litter of four cubs. Three of the cubs are spotted and one is solid black. The black coat is probably what type of trait?

Accepted Answer

A) dominant 
B) recessive 
C) polygenic 
D) sex-linked

Question 5

When gametes are produced from a parent cell during normal meiosis, which of the following describes the number of chromosomes in each resulting cell?

Accepted Answer

A) Each resulting cell has the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell. 
B) Each resulting cell has twice the number of chromosomes as the parent cell. 
C) Each resulting cell has one-half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell. 
D) Each resulting cell has one-fourth the number of chromosomes as the parent cell.

Question 6

Human tears contain the enzyme lysozyme, which damages the cell walls of bacteria. Which of the following statements about lysozyme is most accurate?

Accepted Answer

A) Lysozyme causes mutations in bacterial cell wall molecules. 
B) Lysozyme is destroyed as it digests bacterial cell wall molecules. 
C) Lysozyme breaks a speci?c type of bond in a bacterial cell wall molecule. 
D) Lysozyme is converted to another chemical by a bacterial cell wall molecule.

Question 7

Which of the following terms applies to traits, such as human eye color, that are controlled by more than one gene?

Accepted Answer

A) codominant 
B) polygenic 
C) recessive 
D) sex-linked

Question 8

Which of the following functions does active transport perform in a cell?

Accepted Answer

A) packaging proteins for export from the cell 
B) distributing enzymes throughout the cytoplasm 
C) moving substances against a concentration gradient 
D) equalizing the concentration of water inside and outside the cell

Question 9

Which of the following statements best explains why geographic isolation can lead to speciation?

Accepted Answer

A) Physical separation of populations reduces competition for each group. 
B) Physical separation of populations prevents interbreeding and mixing of gene pools. 
C) Physical separation of populations provides more space for each group's size to increase. 
D) Physical separation of populations stresses the organisms and causes mutations in their genetic code.

Question 10

On remote islands, immigration and emigration usually do not have a large effect on population sizes. A bird population on a remote island remains at a relatively constant size year after year. Which of the following most likely describes the birthrate and the death rate for this population?

Accepted Answer

A) Birthrate and death rate are both zero. 
B) Birthrate and death rate are close to equal. 
C) Birthrate is significantly less than death rate. 
D) Birthrate is significantly greater than death rate.

Question 11

The fossil record supports which of the following descriptions of the evolution of life on Earth?

Accepted Answer

A) Life first appeared with the diversity found today. 
B) The importance of natural selection diminished over time. 
C) Complex organisms evolved from more simple organisms. 
D) Large organisms appeared before single-celled organisms.

Question 12

If a cell's lysosomes were damaged, which of the following would most likely occur?

Accepted Answer

A) The cell would produce more proteins than it needs. 
B) The cell would have chloroplasts that appear yellow rather than green. 
C) The cell would be less able to break down molecules in its cytoplasm. 
D) The cell would be less able to regulate the amount of fluid in its cytoplasm.

Exam 1: Biology