Question 1

What advice would you give to an adolescent in the process of choosing a career?

Accepted Answer

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Question 2

Critics of Piaget's theory contend that __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  he overestimated children's abilities 
B)  his theory is better at describing behavior at a given stage than at explaining why the shift from one stage to the next occurs 
C)  he had a broad view of what is meant by thinking and knowing 
D)  his theory should have included only two stages

Question 3

According to John Holland, someone associated with the __________ personality type has traits that are related to verbal skills and interpersonal relations. These people are good at working with people and consequently make good salespersons, teachers, and counselors.

Accepted Answer

A)  enterprising 
B)  artistic 
C)  conventional 
D)  social

Question 4

What is one downside to working a job during high school?

Accepted Answer

A)  schoolwork may suffer 
B)  increased extracurricular activities 
C)  sleep deprivation 
D)  loss of friends

Question 5

Describe personal fables and invincibility fables.

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Question 6

Describe the role of metacognition in the emergence of adolescent egocentrism and the presence of an imaginary audience.

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Question 7

Researcher John Holland was interested in studying individuals and the careers they selected. According to his six personality types, __________ individuals prefer highly structured tasks.

Accepted Answer

A)  realistic 
B)  social 
C)  conventional 
D)  enterprising

Question 8

Identify and describe the series of stages of moral development according to Gilligan.

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Question 9

According to Gilligan, the stage of morality in which females first concentrate on what is practical and best for them, gradually making a transition from selfishness to responsibility, and in which they think about what would be best for others is called __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  orientation toward individual survival 
B)  goodness as self-sacrifice 
C)  goodness to truth 
D)  morality of nonviolence

Question 10

Some adolescents construct __________, in which they feel invulnerable to the risks that threaten others.

Accepted Answer

A)  egocentric audiences 
B)  imaginary audiences 
C)  invincibility fables 
D)  metacognition

Question 11

Recent statistics reveal that nearly __________ percent of high school students in the United States do not graduate.

Accepted Answer

A)  5 
B)  10 
C)  15 
D)  20

Question 12

Fifteen-year-old Mica has decided to become an airplane pilot-despite the fact that he has severe asthma that will not allow him to breathe well in thin air at high altitudes. According to Ginzberg, Mica is in the __________ period of choosing his career.

Accepted Answer

A)  fantasy 
B)  tentative 
C)  realistic 
D)  enterprising

Question 13

A person who is faced with stealing something that will save someone else's life, and who decides either against stealing due to guilt or in favor of stealing because he or she would be unable to face others if he or she did nothing, is in Kohlberg's __________ stage of morality.

Accepted Answer

A)  preconventional 
B)  conventional 
C)  postconventional 
D)  orientation toward individual survival

Question 14

Identify and describe the series of stages of moral development according to Kohlberg.

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Question 15

Which is an accurate statement about the effect of video games on cognitive ability?

Accepted Answer

A)  Some video games lead to improvements in spatial skills. 
B)  Video games are harmful, and there are no benefits of playing them. 
C)  Shooter video games are especially detrimental to cognitive growth and should be banned. 
D)  Video games may cause small improvements in cognitive abilities, but these effects are short-lived.

Question 16

During this period of adolescence, you may have noticed your child questioning your authority and becoming argumentative when asked to do something he/she does not think is fair. Why do you think this is happening? What does Piaget have to say about this emerging questioning of authority? What are some strategies you have used to deal with this issue?

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Question 17

Twenty-year-old Nora can't remember a time when she didn't have a paintbrush in her hand. Painting is her favorite pastime, and it is also her major in college; she plans to find a career in painting. Researcher John Holland would say that Nora's personality type is __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  artistic 
B)  realistic 
C)  conventional 
D)  intellectual

Question 18

According to Lawrence Kohlberg, people's responses to moral dilemma scenarios reveal the stage of __________ development they have attained and yield information about their general level of __________ development.

Accepted Answer

A)  moral; cognitive 
B)  moral; emotional 
C)  formal operational; cognitive 
D)  formal operational; emotional

Question 19

Eighteen-year-old Aaron wants to become a doctor, so the summer between his senior year of high school and his first year at college, he decides to volunteer at a local hospital to gain some experience in working in a hospital setting. Eli Ginzberg would say that Aaron is in the __________period of choosing his career.

Accepted Answer